Fluorescent Light-emitting Diode (LED) Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Fluorescent Light-emitting Diode (LED) Microscopy for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis PDF

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher:

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 12

ISBN-13: 9789241501613

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Light-emitting diodes (LED) have been developed to offer the benefits of fluorescence microscopy without the associated costs. In 2009, the evidence for the efficacy of LED microscopy was assessed by the World Health Organization, on the basis of standards appropriate for evaluating both the accuracy and the effect of new TB diagnostics on patients and public health. The results showed that the accuracy of LED microscopy was equivalent to that of international reference standards, it was more sensitive than conventional Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy and it had qualitative, operational and cost advantages over both conventional fluorescence and Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy. On the basis of these findings, WHO recommends that conventional fluorescence microscopy be replaced by LED microscopy, and that LED microscopy be phased in as an alternative for conventional Ziehl-Neelsen light microscopy.

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium PDF

Author: Amit Singh

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-12-16

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 9819956242

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This book covers all the aspects related to the laboratory diagnosis of Mycobacterium. Laboratory diagnosis includes microscopic to advance molecular diagnosis. Moreover, it deals with the methods used to detect antimycobacterial susceptibility tests and drug resistance. Chapters cover most potential methods and techniques from traditional to advanced future diagnostics for identifying tuberculosis, NTM, and latent TB infections. Also discussed the challenges and opportunities in the diagnostic science of infectious disease. This book offers assistance to students, postgraduate medical students, researchers, medical practitioners, postdoctoral fellows, microbiologists, nurses, and public health officers working in tuberculosis control programs to understand various modalities for diagnosis and drug-resistance tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus

Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus PDF

Author: William R. Jacobs, Jr.

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2017-09-01

Total Pages: 1379

ISBN-13: 1683673050

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Can today's innovative practices and molecular tools tame this ancient disease? One third of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis (TB), with about 10 million new cases annually. To combat TB and its agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the World Health Organization launched The End TB Strategy, which aims to slash the suffering and cost of TB by 2035. This makes the second edition of Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus, edited by Jacobs, McShane, Mizrahi, and Orme, an extremely valuable resource for scientists and clinicians. The editors have gathered their colleagues from around the world to present the latest on the molecular biology of M. tuberculosis and related species, the host-pathogen interactions that enable invasion, and the host's immune response to M. tuberculosis infection. The basic, clinical, and translational research presented in this book supports the goals of WHO's End TB Strategy by driving toward the development of effective vaccines, rapid molecular diagnostics, and anti-TB drugs. Creating an effective tuberculosis vaccine. Understand the innate and adaptive immune response to M. tuberculosis infection, its study in established animal models, and how this information is being used to develop new vaccines against TB. Formulating new antituberculosis drugs. Learn the challenges and methods for evaluating new drugs in preclinical trials with a focus on drugs that work against "persisters" and those that act on the electron transport complex and ATP synthase of M. tuberculosis. Overcoming the challenges of diagnosing tuberculosis. Review new diagnostic tools that are simple, rapid, affordable, specific, sensitive, and safe, including molecular-based diagnostic methods such as GeneXpert MTB/RIF. Using molecular, genomic, and bioinformatics tools to understand the biology and evolution of Mycobacterium. Explore current research on the molecular mechanisms that M. tuberculosis uses to evade the immune system, enter a state of nonreplicating persistence, and become reactivated. The second edition of Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus presents the latest research on a microorganism that is exquisitely well adapted to its human host. This pathogen continues to confound scientists, clinicians, and public health specialists, who will all find much valuable information in this comprehensive set of reviews.

Imaging in Tuberculosis

Imaging in Tuberculosis PDF

Author: Rakesh K Gupta

Publisher: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers

Published: 2019-10-31

Total Pages: 279

ISBN-13: 9388958977

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Key Features ? The book is a compilation of various facets of imaging in tuberculosis with special emphasis on its clinicopathological correlation ? Also covers important aspects of tuberculosis like epidemiology, clinical perspective and management ? Includes designated chapters on extrapulmonary tuberculosis involving the central nervous system, spine, head and neck, lymph nodes, abdomen, urogenital system and bones and joints ? Written by experts well known for their academic inclination and capability ? The book is a valuable resource for pulmonologists, physicians and postgraduate students.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) PDF

Author: King K. Holmes

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2017-11-06

Total Pages: 506

ISBN-13: 1464805253

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Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis PDF

Author: Timothy D. McHugh

Publisher: CABI

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13: 1845938070

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Tuberculosis is a global health threat and the unique features of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and emergence of drug-resistant strains highlight the challenge it presents. Covering a wealth of state-of-the-art knowledge from active international experts, this book captures the latest developments in the advent of bacteriological, immunological and molecular tools for diagnosis and the development of new drugs. It shows how the challenge of tuberculosis is currently being met, providing insight into the evidence base underlying new developments in diagnosis, drug development and treatment.

HIV and Tuberculosis

HIV and Tuberculosis PDF

Author: Irini Sereti

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-11-30

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 3030291081

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Globally, HIV-associated tuberculosis is one of the most important causes of infection-related death, accounting for one in every three HIV deaths and over 300,000 in 2017 alone. The HIV epidemic has undermined tuberculosis-control efforts in many countries around the world, as the virus has important modifying effects on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of TB. The management of HIV-associated TB is also complicated by rapid clinical progression, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, drug-drug interactions, and shared toxicities. The past two decades have yielded thousands of research publications and review articles on HIV-associated TB. HIV and Tuberculosis: A Formidable Alliance consolidates this massive amount of data into a single resource. With contributions from myriad disciplines, including epidemiology, immunology, public health, and clinical medicine, this book provides well-rounded and thorough coverage that will appeal to researchers and clinicians alike.

Xpert MTB/RIF Implementation Manual

Xpert MTB/RIF Implementation Manual PDF

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher:

Published: 2015-04-20

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789241506700

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In December 2010, WHO first recommended the use of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. The WHO's policy statement was supported by a rapid implementation document, which provided the technical "how-to" and operational considerations for rolling out the use of the assay. An unprecedented uptake of this new technology followed the release of WHO's policy: by the end of March 2014, more than 2,300 GeneXpert instruments and more than 6 million Xpert MTB/RIF cartridges had been procured in the public sector in 104 countries eligible for concessional prices. An Expert Group was convened by WHO in May 2013 to review the current body of evidence on use of Xpert MTB/RIF. The resulting recommendations from the Expert Group are included in the WHO Policy update, which widens the recommended use of Xpert MTB/RIF, including for the diagnosis of paediatric TB and on selected specimens for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB, and includes an additional recommendation on the use of Xpert MTB/RIF as the initial diagnostic test in all individuals presumed to have pulmonary TB. The accompanying Xpert MTB/RIF implementation manual has been developed to replace the first edition and takes into consideration the current body of evidence and operational experiences available, in the context of the Policy update.

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