Flight of Mammals: From Terrestrial Limbs to Wings

Flight of Mammals: From Terrestrial Limbs to Wings PDF

Author: Aleksandra A. Panyutina

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-03-13

Total Pages: 323

ISBN-13: 3319087568

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This book offers a new explanation for the development of flight in mammals and offers detailed morphological descriptions of mammals with flapping flight. The skeletomuscular apparatus of the shoulder girdle and forelimbs of tree shrews, flying lemurs and bats is described in detail. Special attention is paid to the recognition of peculiar features of the skeleton and joints. For the basic locomotor patterns of flying lemurs and bats, the kinematic models of the shoulder girdle elements are developed. The most important locomotor postures of these animals are analyzed by means of statics. The key structural characters of the shoulder girdle and forelimbs of flying lemurs and bats, the formation of which provided transition of mammals from terrestrial locomotion to gliding and then, to flapping flight, are recognized. The concept is proposed that preadaptations preceding the acquisition of flapping flight could have come from widely sprawled forelimb posture while gliding from tree to tree and running up the thick trunks. It is shown that flying lemur is an adequate morphofunctional model for an ancestral stage of bats. The evolutionary ecomorphological scenario describing probable transformational stages of typical parasagittal limbs of chiropteran ancestors into wings is developed.

On the Wing

On the Wing PDF

Author: Dr. David E. Alexander

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 0199996776

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"On the Wing is the first book to take a comprehensive look at the evolution of flight in all four groups of powered flyers: insects, pterosaurs, birds, and bats."--Book jacket.

Atlas of Terrestrial Mammal Limbs

Atlas of Terrestrial Mammal Limbs PDF

Author: Christine Böhmer

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2020-04-03

Total Pages: 302

ISBN-13: 1351784080

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Atlas of Terrestrial Mammal Limbs is the first comprehensive and detailed anatomy book on a broad phylogenetic and ecological range of mammals. This extraordinary new work features more than 400 photographs and illustrations visualizing the limb musculature of 28 different species. Standardized views of the dissected bodies and concise text descriptions make it easy to compare the anatomy across different taxa. It provides tables of nomenclature and comparative muscle maps (schematic drawings on the origins and insertions of the muscles onto bones) in a diversity of animals. Atlas of Terrestrial Mammal Limbs is a reliable reference and an indispensable volume for all students and professional researchers in biology, paleontology, and veterinary medicine. Key Features: Provides an overview of the anatomy of the mammalian limb Includes osteological correlates of the limb muscles Illustrates anatomy in 2D Guides dissection Documents anatomical diversity in mammalian limbs Related Titles: D. L. France. Human and Nonhuman Bone Identification: A Color Atlas. (ISBN 978-1-4200-6286-1) S. N. Byers. Forensic Anthropology Laboratory Manual, 4th Edition (ISBN 978-1-1386-9073-8) S. N. Byers. Introduction to Forensic Anthropology, 5th Edition (ISBN 978-1-1381-8884-6) R. Diogo, et al. Muscles of Chordates: Development, Homologies, and Evolution (ISBN 978-1-1385-7116-7)

On the Wing

On the Wing PDF

Author: David E. Alexander

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2015-09-02

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 0199996784

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Ask anybody what superpower they wished to possess and odds are the answer just might be "the ability to fly." What is it about soaring through the air held up by the power of one's own body that has captivated humans for so long? David Alexander examines the evolution of flight in the only four animals to have evolved this ability: insects, pterosaurs, birds, and bats. With an accessible writing style grounded in rigorous research, Alexander breaks new ground in a field that has previously been confined to specialists. While birds have received the majority of attention from flight researchers, Alexander pays equal attention to all four groups of flyers-something that no other book on the subject has done before now. In a streamlined and captivating way, David Alexander demonstrates the links between the tiny 2-mm thrip and the enormous albatross with the 12 feet wingspan used to cross oceans. The book delves into the fossil record of flyers enough to satisfy the budding paleontologist, while also pleasing ornithologists and entomologists alike with its treatment of animal behavior, flapping mechanisms, and wing-origin theory. Alexander uses relatable examples to draw in readers even without a natural interest in birds, bees, and bats. He takes something that is so off-limits and unfamiliar to humans-the act of flying-and puts it in the context of experiences that many readers can relate to. Alexander guides readers through the anomalies of the flying world: hovering hummingbirds, unexpected gliders (squirrels, for instance), and the flyers that went extinct (pterosaurs). Alexander also delves into wing-origin theory and explores whether birds entered the skies from the trees down (as gliders) or from the ground up (as runners) and uses the latest fossil evidence to present readers with an answer.

Vertebrate Flight

Vertebrate Flight PDF

Author: Ulla M. Norberg

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 3642838480

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It has been great fun to write this book, even though it has taken longer than planned, and occasionally been exasperating. The most difficult problem was deciding what to exclude among so many interesting things, because the available material usually exceeded the space. Because a book like this covers so many aspects, each component must be limited. This book is intended for graduate and undergraduate students as well as professional scientists who want to work with animal flight or to gain some insight into flight mechanics, aerodynamics, energetics, physiology, morpho logy, ecology and evolution. My aim has not been to give the whole mathe matical explanation of flight, but to provide an outline and summary of the main theories for the understanding of how aerofoils respond to an airflow. I also hope to give the reader some insight into how flight morphology and the various wing shapes have evolved and are adapted to different ecological niches and habitats.

Gliding Mammals of the World

Gliding Mammals of the World PDF

Author: Stephen Matthew Jackson

Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 228

ISBN-13: 0643092609

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This book provides a synthesis of all that is known about the biology of gliding mammals. It includes a brief description of each species, together with a map and a full-colour painting. It outlines the origins and biogeography of each group of gliding mammals and examines the incredible physical adaptations.

Taking Wing

Taking Wing PDF

Author: Pat Shipman

Publisher: Simon and Schuster

Published: 1999-01-15

Total Pages: 344

ISBN-13: 0684849658

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In 1861, just a few years after the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, a scientist named Hermann von Meyer made an amazing discovery. Hidden in the Bavarian region of Germany was a fossil skeleton so exquisitely preserved that its wings and feathers were as obvious as its reptilian jaws and tail. This transitional creature offered tangible proof of Darwin's theory of evolution. Hailed as the First Bird, Archaeopteryx has remained the subject of heated debates for the last 140 years. Are birds actually living dinosaurs? Where does the fossil record really lead? Did flight originate from the "ground up" or "trees down"? Pat Shipman traces the age-old human desire to soar above the earth and to understand what has come before us. Taking Wing is science as adventure story, told with all the drama by which scientific understanding unfolds.

Book of Flight

Book of Flight PDF

Author: Gabrielle Balkan

Publisher: Phaidon

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13: 9780714878683

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A stunning world-records book of animal flight, by the author-and-illustrator team behind the bestselling Book of Bones! Meet ten fascinating flyers through a series of superlatives - and guess who's who while learning about airborne animals. From the fastest (white-throated needletail) to the most acrobatic (flying fox bat), and from the best glider (colugo) to the best backward flyer (hummingbird), each master of flight is cleverly depicted in a blueprint-inspired diagram, accompanied by playful, informative text. The stunning page-turn reveal features a full-colour illustration and an explanation of what makes each animal's way of flying so special. Ages 5-8

ICSE Biology Book-I For Class-IX

ICSE Biology Book-I For Class-IX PDF

Author: Sarita Aggarwal

Publisher: S. Chand Publishing

Published:

Total Pages: 340

ISBN-13: 9788121928359

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Well-labelled illustrations, diagrams, tables, figures and experiments have been given to support the text, wherever necessary. At the end of each chapter, Key Terms have been given. A variety of Review Questions, according to the latest examination pattern, has been provided for adequate practice.