Final Devoicing in the Phonology of German

Final Devoicing in the Phonology of German PDF

Author: Wiebke Brockhaus

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

Published: 2012-10-25

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 3110966069

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This book deals with the phonological event of final devoicing in a theoretical framework based on principles and parameters rather than rules. It refers to data coming almost exclusively from German (native and non-native items). The first chapter presents the 'raw facts', providing an outline of the sort of alternations and distributional restrictions on voicing to be accounted for. Previous treatments of final devoicing in German are discussed and evaluated in the second chapter. Chapters 3 and 4 provide an analysis of final devoicing in German couched in the framework of Government Phonology (GP), a phonological theory operating with principles and parameters. Some of the central tenets of GP are introduced at the beginning of chapter 3, and additional concepts of the theory are explained as they become relevant to the discussion of final devoicing. The author argues that final devoicing should be interpreted as a phonological weakening process involving the withdrawal of autosegmental licensing from the laryngeal element L (which represents voicing in obstruents). This occurs in phonologically 'weak' environments, where, due to clearly definable prosodic conditions, only reduced autosegmental licensing potential is available. This analysis, developed with reference to the prestige variety of German (Hochlautung), is then extended to Northern Standard German, and the phonological differences between the two dialects are identified. In the final chapter, the author investigates whether final devoicing results in phonological neutralisation, as is often assumed in the literature. She observes that the GP account developed in chapters 3 and 4 is incompatible with this traditional view. This is desirable, since, among other things, the conflict between earlier phonological analyses and experimental studies of final devoicing can now be resolved.

The Phonology of German

The Phonology of German PDF

Author: Richard Wiese

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 9780198299509

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Featuring the most complete and up-to-date description of the phonology of German presently available, this book applies recent models of phonological theory, putting particular emphasis on the interaction of morphology and phonology. It focuses on the present-day standard language, but includes discussions of other variants and registers.

German Pronunciation and Phonology

German Pronunciation and Phonology PDF

Author: Jethro Bithell

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-10-29

Total Pages: 532

ISBN-13: 0429889216

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First published in 1952. This book does not confine itself to German phonetics; it aims rather at showing by what processes and tricks of sound words have been shaped in the course of years; it is therefore a book on phonology as well. It should have a wide appeal to students of German. Moreover, since the treatment of laws and sound processes is comparative, it will be useful to students of other languages, particularly of the Scandinavian group and Dutch.

Phonetics and Phonology of Tense and Lax Obstruents in German

Phonetics and Phonology of Tense and Lax Obstruents in German PDF

Author: Michael Jessen

Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing

Published: 1999-01-15

Total Pages: 416

ISBN-13: 9027282242

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Knowing that the so-called voiced and voiceless stops in languages like English and German do not always literally differ in voicing, several linguists — among them Roman Jakobson — have proposed that dichotomies such as fortis/lenis or tense/lax might be more suitable to capture the invariant phonetic core of this distinction. Later it became the dominant view that voice onset time or laryngeal features are more reasonable alternatives. However, based on a number of facts and arguments from current phonetics and phonology this book claims that the Jakobsonian feature tense was rejected prematurely. Among the theoretical aspects addressed, it is argued that an acoustic definition of distinctive features best captures the functional aspects of speech communication, while it is also discussed how the conclusions are relevant for formal accounts, such as feature geometry. The invariant of tense is proposed to be durational, and its ‘basic correlate’ is proposed to be aspiration duration. It is shown that tense and voice differ in their invariant properties and basic correlates, but that they share a number of other correlates, including F0 onset and closure duration. In their stop systems languages constitute a typology between the selection of voice and tense, but in their fricative systems languages universally tend towards a syncretism involving voicing and tenseness together. Though the proposals made here are intended to have general validity, the emphasis is on German. As part of this focus, an acoustic study and a transillumination study of the realization of /p,t,k,f,s/ vs. /b,d,g,v,z/ in German are presented.

English-German contrastive phonetics and phonology. A study of interviews and speeches

English-German contrastive phonetics and phonology. A study of interviews and speeches PDF

Author: Aykut Sahingöz

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2020-05-06

Total Pages: 61

ISBN-13: 3346161579

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Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Speech Science / Linguistics, grade: 2,7, University of Vechta, language: English, abstract: The linguistic differences between German and English are going to be researched and compared, in order to light upon the reasons for mispronunciations and difficulties for German speakers of English. Learning a language or a skill in general, naturally needs practice and commitment to be able to master it. However, this text is going to leave this aspect aside and will concentrate on differences which emerge from the languages themselves. German and English are two different languages with the same Latin alphabet and different grammar for the naked eye, but beneath the surface are further differences and similarities which can be described in order to understand why German speakers of English seem to produce the same mistakes when no practice for correct pronunciation is given. The importance of English has increased over the past years and is one of the most spoken and important languages. It is needed in business relations, to read manuals, can be used in almost all foreign countries for communication and is generally important for every working citizen in terms of a business language, as former European Commissioner Günther Oettinger stated in his interview with German broadcast channel SWR in 2005. In 2010 a speech of Oettinger was published, which was held in the Columbia University of Berlin and showed, after his contribution in the broadcast, that his English proficiency was not appropriate when considering the circumstances. Especially in terms of politics, an individual wants to be taken seriously and act superior in all tasks given to comply with the role of a representative politician. After Oettinger held his speech, it was naturally connected to what was originally said by him, with the obvious connotation that he failed to meet his own expectations in English acquisition by far, although it was of utmost importance. The English language however can be difficult for foreign speakers. Although being of the same Germanic origin as German, many foreign speakers experience a hard time when trying to achieve native-like pronunciation. Words such as squirrel, all words with a 'th-' and minimal pairs (e.g. hat and had) are often difficult to pronounce and distinguish for foreign learners, due to phonetic and phonemic differences, which cannot easily be translated into the German system due to their non-existence.

The Pronounciation of German Loanwords in English. An Analysis of Phonological Differences

The Pronounciation of German Loanwords in English. An Analysis of Phonological Differences PDF

Author: Stefanie Dietzel

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2016-07-12

Total Pages: 17

ISBN-13: 3668258333

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Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2, University of Marburg (Fremdsprachliche Philologien), course: Contrastive Linguistics, language: English, abstract: This paper will present the most frequently used German loan words in English and focus on their pronunciation. First, a list of items will represent my data collection via the Oxford English Dictionary. It will refer to the study of the etymology of the words. After that, the paper will show the results of the recording of native speakers of English. Then the words will be analysed with respect to phonetic realization. Finally, I will emphasise the main differences between English and German phonology. “English does not have many German loanwords – at least not many of common use – but those it does have are a rather more mixed bunch than such stereotypic lists might imply.” (Stubbs 1998:19) With his statement, Stubbs refers to those linguists who claim that the small number of German loanwords in English only originate from specific historical contexts. In his paper, he wants to revise this belief and show that also more general terms are adapted from German to English.

The Theory of Lexical Phonology

The Theory of Lexical Phonology PDF

Author: K.P. Mohanan

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13: 9400937199

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This book contains some of the material which originally appeared in my Ph. D. thesis Lexical Phonology, submitted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but it can hardly be called a revised version of the thesis. The theory that I propose here is in many ways radically different from the one that I proposed in the thesis, and there is a great deal of new data and analyses from English and Malayalam. Chapter VI is so new that I haven't even had the time to try it out on my friends. As everyone knows, research is a collective enterprise, even though an individual's name appears on the first page of the book or article. I would think of this book as a joint project involving dozens of people, in which I acted as the project coordinator, collecting suggestions from a wide variety of sources. Four major influences on what the book contains were Morris Halle, Paul Kiparsky, Mark Liberman, and Joan Bresnan. I learned the ropes of doing research on phonology, phonetics, and morphology from them, and almost everything that I discuss in this book owes its shape ultimately to one of them. Among the others who contributed generously to this book are: Jay Keyser, James Harris, Douglas Pulleyblank, Diana Archangeli, Donca Steriade, Elizabeth Selkirk, Francois Dell, Noam Chomsky, Philip Lesourd, Mohammed Guerssel, Michel Kenstovicz, Raj Singh, Will Leben, Joe Perkell, Victor Zue, Paroo Nihalani. P. Madhavan, and Stephanie Shattuck-Hafnagel.

The Phonology of Pennsylvania German English as Evidence of Language Maintenance and Shift

The Phonology of Pennsylvania German English as Evidence of Language Maintenance and Shift PDF

Author: Achim Kopp

Publisher: Susquehanna University Press

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 370

ISBN-13: 9781575910062

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"The phonological differences found in the informants' varieties of English are reflected in the differences in the areas of language use and language attitude. In the final chapter, findings gained from the study of the latter two areas are used to suggest an explanation of the "Pennsylvania German paradox." An attempt is made to integrate the phonological findings into a larger theory of language change and to make predictions about future linguistic developments."--BOOK JACKET.