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Female Labour Force Participation and Economic Development in West Papua
Author: Julius Ary Mollet
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Published: 2011-01-18
Total Pages: 265
ISBN-13: 1443827711
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This volume includes a considerable amount of material to provide a clear structure to a most wide-ranging and complex set of materials concerning female labour in West Papua. This is one of the most innovative and useful books published about the female labour supply in developing countries in recent years. This book provides an empirical analysis of indigenous and non-indigenous female labour and economic development in West Papua. Following a conceptual introduction, which critically examines the theoretical debates of female labour supply and economic development, the book is structured around four key issues of female labour which the author identifies as being the central determinants of female labour force participation and economic development. These key processes are: the women at work and development; determinants of female labour participation; employment patterns of indigenous and non-indigenous women in West Papua; time allocation of employed women and comparison of women’s employment before and after Special Autonomy for West Papua.
Women in the Workforce
Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Published: 2015-04-01
Total Pages: 136
ISBN-13: 9292549146
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Despite economic growth, decreasing fertility rates, and rising education levels, women in Asia are on average 70% less likely than men to be in the labor force, with the country-to-country percentage varying anywhere from 3% to 80%. Results of a new simulation model suggest that closing the gender gap could generate a 30% increase in the per capita income of a hypothetical average Asian economy in one generation. This report discusses the reasons behind the continuing gap in the labor force participation rate between women and men in Asia and the Pacific, the impact of this gap on economic growth, and policy lessons drawn from specific country experiences in the region and elsewhere in the world. The channels of gender inequality are so complex that policy interventions must go beyond economics to effectively address them. Such a multidimensional approach to reducing gender inequality could unleash a nation's full potential for inclusive growth and development.
Fair Play
Author: Mr.Christian Gonzales
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 2015-02-23
Total Pages: 35
ISBN-13: 1498354424
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This Staff Discussion Note examines the effect of gender-based legal restrictions and other policy choices and demographic characteristics on female labor force participation. Drawing on a large and novel panel data set of gender-related legal restrictions, the study finds that restrictions on women’s rights to inheritance and property, as well as legal impediments to undertaking economic activities such as opening a bank account or freely pursuing a profession, are strongly associated with larger gender gaps in labor force participation. These factors have a significant additional impact on female labor force participation over and above the effects of demographic characteristics and policies. In many cases, the gender gaps caused by these restrictions also have macro-critical effects in terms of an impact on GDP. The results from this study suggest that it would be beneficial to level the playing field by removing obstacles that prevent women from becoming economically active if they choose to do so. In recommending equal opportunities, however, this study does not intend to render a judgment of countries’ broadly accepted cultural and religious norms.
Anomie and Violence
Author: John Braithwaite
Publisher: ANU E Press
Published: 2010-03-01
Total Pages: 518
ISBN-13: 1921666234
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Indonesia suffered an explosion of religious violence, ethnic violence, separatist violence, terrorism, and violence by criminal gangs, the security forces and militias in the late 1990s and early 2000s. By 2002 Indonesia had the worst terrorism problem of any nation. All these forms of violence have now fallen dramatically. How was this accomplished? What drove the rise and the fall of violence? Anomie theory is deployed to explain these developments. Sudden institutional change at the time of the Asian financial crisis and the fall of President Suharto meant the rules of the game were up for grabs. Valerie Braithwaite's motivational postures theory is used to explain the gaming of the rules and the disengagement from authority that occurred in that era. Ultimately resistance to Suharto laid a foundation for commitment to a revised, more democratic, institutional order. The peacebuilding that occurred was not based on the high-integrity truth-seeking and reconciliation that was the normative preference of these authors. Rather it was based on non-truth, sometimes lies, and yet substantial reconciliation. This poses a challenge to restorative justice theories of peacebuilding.
Women, Business and the Law 2021
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2021-04-05
Total Pages: 381
ISBN-13: 1464816530
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Women, Business and the Law 2021 is the seventh in a series of annual studies measuring the laws and regulations that affect women’s economic opportunity in 190 economies. The project presents eight indicators structured around women’s interactions with the law as they move through their lives and careers: Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension. This year’s report updates all indicators as of October 1, 2020 and builds evidence of the links between legal gender equality and women’s economic inclusion. By examining the economic decisions women make throughout their working lives, as well as the pace of reform over the past 50 years, Women, Business and the Law 2021 makes an important contribution to research and policy discussions about the state of women’s economic empowerment. Prepared during a global pandemic that threatens progress toward gender equality, this edition also includes important findings on government responses to COVID-19 and pilot research related to childcare and women’s access to justice.
Gender Equality, Poverty and Economic Growth
Author: Andrew Morrison
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2007
Total Pages: 57
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Abstract: This paper reviews empirical findings from economic analyses of the role of gender equality and women's empowerment in reducing poverty and stimulating growth. Going beyond the large literature documenting the impact of female education on a range of development outcomes, the paper presents evidence on the impact of women's access to markets (labor, land, and credit) and women's decision-making power within households on poverty reduction and productivity at the individual and household level. The paper also summarizes evidence from studies examining the relationship between gender equality and poverty reduction and growth at the macro level. Although micro level effects of gender equality on individual productivity and human development outcomes have been well documented and have important ramifications for aggregate economic performance, establishing an empirical relationship between gender equality and poverty reduction and growth at the macro level has proven to be more challenging. The paper concludes by identifying priority areas for future research.
Indonesia
Author: Edimon Ginting
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Published: 2018-02-01
Total Pages: 253
ISBN-13: 9292610791
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The book focuses on Indonesia's most pressing labor market challenges and associated policy options to achieve higher and more inclusive economic growth. The challenges consist of creating jobs for and the skills in a youthful and increasingly better educated workforce, and raising the productivity of less-educated workers to meet the demands of the digital age. The book deals with a range of interrelated topics---the changing supply and demand for labor in relation to the shift of workers out of agriculture; urbanization and the growth of megacities; raising the quality of schooling for new jobs in the digital economy; and labor market policies to improve both labor standards and productivity.
China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 2021-05-11
Total Pages: 27
ISBN-13: 1513573772
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.
Papua New Guinea: Critical Development Constraints
Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Published: 2012-04-01
Total Pages: 239
ISBN-13: 9290925825
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Papua New Guinea's economic growth has outpaced the majority of economies in Southeast Asia and the Pacific since 2007. Its development challenges, however, remain daunting, and it lags behind other countries in the region in terms of per capita income and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. This raises the question of how the country can make its economic growth high, sustained, inclusive, and broad-based to more effectively improve its population's welfare. This report identifies the critical constraints to these objectives and discusses policy options to help overcome such constraints.
