Evidence Explained

Evidence Explained PDF

Author: Elizabeth S Mills

Publisher: Genealogical Publishing Company

Published: 2024-05-17

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780806321370

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Citation style manual for every type of source record and media.

Images of Voting/Visions of Democracy

Images of Voting/Visions of Democracy PDF

Author: Peter Natchez

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-07-05

Total Pages: 383

ISBN-13: 1351513516

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When survey research, statistics, and electronic data processing were first introduced, they held out promise that a new level of political knowledge would be created. Applied to the study of voting behavior, survey research promised an understanding of the factors determining the outcome of an election, that political history could be based on rich and current data, and that we could begin to understand the role of elections in constitutional democracy. The truth as Peter B. Natchez shows, is that despite the opportunity provided by this revolution, voting studies have failed to make significant contributions to democratic theory or political history.The findings of voting studies have spread from the universities into the political system with a rather grim message. In its simplest form the message is this: the electorate does not measure up to the task thrust upon it by democracy. The studies conclude that voters choose candidates for reasons having little relevance to the success of the political system, and little relevance even to politics. Thus political science, in shifting from an optimistic focus on theory to a strong emphasis on empiricism, became a source of pessimism.One cannot study democracy or the democratic process without a point of view on democracy. The scientific method requires a point of view: science is not only a method for discovering reality, but for addressing well-structured questions. Natchez identifies goals for democracy, freedom and tolerance, and consciousness in decision making. Elections serve two functions; one, filling constitutional offices, and two, a symbolic function rooted in democratic experience that is more ambiguous, but no less vital as a part of regime analysis. A political science that connects these two aspects of voting will require an analysis of why voters vote the way they do to fill offices; but, more importantly, it will also require an understanding of the symbolic function of elections.

Facts Still Can't Speak for Themselves

Facts Still Can't Speak for Themselves PDF

Author: Eric Oliver

Publisher: Aspen Publishing

Published: 2015-09-11

Total Pages: 646

ISBN-13: 1632814072

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Today, most trial lawyers and consultants accept the fact that all legal decision makers decide cases by first making up their own version of the case story. Yet, few have yet to fully adjust their practices to meet the demands of that reality. Facts Still Can’t Speak for Themselves offers specific methods for trial professionals to increase their reach into the full range of potential stories decision makers can construct (and will construct) during any single case, and then shows you how to refine those stories into the one most compelling presentation for any legal decision maker to judge, in any legal decision-making venue. What you’ll find inside: * How the stories decision makers imagine affect verdicts as much as their backgrounds and beliefs or the attorney’s presentation in court * Which focus group method reveals the real range of stories decision makers can build from your case * How to profitably apply focus group results in negotiations and mediation equally well as in trials * How to run voir dire like a focus group (and a focus group like voir dire) improving both in the processand how to avoid common misleading mistakes * How focus group deliberations are the least valuable part of the process * How asking focus group participants which side in a case they “like” could be a major mistake * Why you should think twice before ever again asking a “why” question or using the word “any” during voir dire or in focus groups * How to establish immediate rapport with decision makers and to manage how they build their perceptions of your client’s case storyin time to affect their final judgments In this new edition, Eric Oliver dives deeply into cutting-edge research in communication, human judgment, perception, and influence and breaks down the process of turning theoretical abstractions into effective persuasive practices that help legal decision makers hearand seethe case story from your client’s point of view. Each chapter is now supplemented with some of the most relevant developments in the science of decision making, as well as with the decade of additional experience Eric has acquired working with trial lawyers and their clients since the first edition was published in 2005.

Police as Problem Solvers

Police as Problem Solvers PDF

Author: J.D. Grant

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 431

ISBN-13: 1468459163

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This book is about police and police reform and about a movement called "problem-oriented policing," which is sweeping the country. The problem-oriented approach has been labeled "a philosophical revolution" and "the cutting edge of policing" (Malcolm, 1989). Two observers, Wilson and Kelling (1989), have written that the approach "con stitutes the beginning of the most significant redefinition of police work in the past half century" (p. 48). Such an esteemed development matters, and one expects knowledgeable persons to observe it and think about it. Our mission in this book is different from that of some observers, those concerned with management practice and philosophy. Ours is a more person-centered book, which views the problem-oriented move ment from the trenches where battles, not wars, are waged. We are concerned with what an erstwhile colleague of ours dubbed the "nitty gritty" and what others have called the "human equation." This is so because the core of our interest is on the experience of being problem oriented and how one engenders this experience. Coincidentally, such grass roots analysis happens to fit problem-oriented policing, which delegates thinking and planning to those on the frontlines. In the battles won by problem-oriented policing, ordinary police officers become generals or, at least, strategists of policing. The jobs that such men and women do are expanded, and we shall center on this expansion of the job.

Trauma & Memory

Trauma & Memory PDF

Author: Christine Berberich

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2021-03-31

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 1000368645

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Over the past decades, the memory of the Holocaust has not only become a common cultural consciousness but also a cultural property shared by people all over the world. This collection brings together academics, critics and creative practitioners from the fields of Holocaust Studies, Literature, History, Media Studies, Creative Writing and German Studies to discuss contemporary trends in Holocaust commemoration and representation in literature, film, TV, the entertainment industry and social media. The essays in this trans-disciplinary collection debate how contemporary culture engages with the legacy of the Holocaust now that, 75 years on from the end of the Second World War, the number of actual survivors is dwindling. It engages with ongoing cultural debates in Holocaust Studies that have seen a development from, largely, testimonial presentations of the Holocaust to more fictional narratives both in literature and film. In addition to a number of chapters focusing in particular on literary trends in Holocaust representation, the collection also assesses other forms of cultural production surrounding the Holocaust, ranging from recent official memorialisation in Germany to Holocaust presentation in film, computer games and social media. The collection also highlights the contributions by creative practitioners such as writers and performers who use drama and the traditional art of storytelling in order to keep memories alive and pass them on to new generations. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Holocaust Studies: A Journal of Culture and History.

The Misinformation Age

The Misinformation Age PDF

Author: Cailin O'Connor

Publisher: Yale University Press

Published: 2019-01-08

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 0300241003

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“Empowering and thoroughly researched, this book offers useful contemporary analysis and possible solutions to one of the greatest threats to democracy.” —Kirkus Reviews Editors’ choice, The New York Times Book Review Recommended reading, Scientific American Why should we care about having true beliefs? And why do demonstrably false beliefs persist and spread despite bad, even fatal, consequences for the people who hold them? Philosophers of science Cailin O’Connor and James Weatherall argue that social factors, rather than individual psychology, are what’s essential to understanding the spread and persistence of false beliefs. It might seem that there’s an obvious reason that true beliefs matter: false beliefs will hurt you. But if that’s right, then why is it (apparently) irrelevant to many people whether they believe true things or not? The Misinformation Age, written for a political era riven by “fake news,” “alternative facts,” and disputes over the validity of everything from climate change to the size of inauguration crowds, shows convincingly that what you believe depends on who you know. If social forces explain the persistence of false belief, we must understand how those forces work in order to fight misinformation effectively. “[The authors] deftly apply sociological models to examine how misinformation spreads among people and how scientific results get misrepresented in the public sphere.” —Andrea Gawrylewski, Scientific American “A notable new volume . . . The Misinformation Age explains systematically how facts are determined and changed—whether it is concerning the effects of vaccination on children or the Russian attack on the integrity of the electoral process.” —Roger I. Abrams, New York Journal of Books

Hegel’s Moral Corporation

Hegel’s Moral Corporation PDF

Author: Thomas Klikauer

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-01-26

Total Pages: 274

ISBN-13: 1137547405

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Hegel's Moral Corporation is about two versions of a corporation, one business oriented and dedicated to shareholder-value and profit-maximisation and one dedicated to moral life, Sittlichkeit, in Hegelian terms.

Social Identities

Social Identities PDF

Author: Steve Spencer

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2004-08-02

Total Pages: 268

ISBN-13: 1134269617

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Social Identities argues that we have a collection of social selves and that our identities are influenced by such things as class, gender, sexuality, race, nationality, religious views and by the media.