Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science

Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science PDF

Author: National Academy of Sciences

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1998-05-06

Total Pages: 150

ISBN-13: 0309063647

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Today many school students are shielded from one of the most important concepts in modern science: evolution. In engaging and conversational style, Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science provides a well-structured framework for understanding and teaching evolution. Written for teachers, parents, and community officials as well as scientists and educators, this book describes how evolution reveals both the great diversity and similarity among the Earth's organisms; it explores how scientists approach the question of evolution; and it illustrates the nature of science as a way of knowing about the natural world. In addition, the book provides answers to frequently asked questions to help readers understand many of the issues and misconceptions about evolution. The book includes sample activities for teaching about evolution and the nature of science. For example, the book includes activities that investigate fossil footprints and population growth that teachers of science can use to introduce principles of evolution. Background information, materials, and step-by-step presentations are provided for each activity. In addition, this volume: Presents the evidence for evolution, including how evolution can be observed today. Explains the nature of science through a variety of examples. Describes how science differs from other human endeavors and why evolution is one of the best avenues for helping students understand this distinction. Answers frequently asked questions about evolution. Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science builds on the 1996 National Science Education Standards released by the National Research Councilâ€"and offers detailed guidance on how to evaluate and choose instructional materials that support the standards. Comprehensive and practical, this book brings one of today's educational challenges into focus in a balanced and reasoned discussion. It will be of special interest to teachers of science, school administrators, and interested members of the community.

In the Light of Evolution

In the Light of Evolution PDF

Author: National Academy of Sciences

Publisher: Sackler Colloquium

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 388

ISBN-13:

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The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.

Principles of Evolution

Principles of Evolution PDF

Author: Hildegard Meyer-Ortmanns

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-04-11

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 3642181376

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With contributions from a team of leading experts, this volume provides a comprehensive survey of recent achievements in our scientific understanding of evolution. The questions it asks concern the beginnings of the universe, the origin of life and the chances of its arising at all, the role of contingency, and the search for universal features in the plethora of evolutionary phenomena. Rather than oversimplified or premature answers, the chapters provide a clear picture of how these essential problems are being tackled, enabling the reader to understand current thinking and open questions. The tools employed stem from a range of disciplines including mathematics, physics, biochemistry and cell biology. Self-organization as an overarching concept is demonstrated in the most diverse areas: from galaxy formation in the universe to spindle and aster formation in the cell. Chemical master equations, population dynamics, and evolutionary game theory are presented as suitable frameworks for understanding the universal mechanisms and organizational principles observed in a wide range of living units, ranging from cells to societies. This book will provide engaging reading and food for thought for all those seeking a deeper understanding of the science of evolution.

The Future of Life: Meta-Evolution

The Future of Life: Meta-Evolution PDF

Author: David Hunter Tow

Publisher: Future of Life: Meta-Evolut

Published: 2006-10

Total Pages: 404

ISBN-13: 1425726844

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The Future of Life: Meta-Evolution represents the first comprehensive formulation of the hypothesis that evolution is the unifying force underlying the dynamics of all processes in the universe, both organic and inorganic. These include all facets of human existence and civilisation- the sciences, technology, arts, humanities and religion. In essence, by applying quantum information, network and decision theory, it is demonstrated that an overarching evolutionary process shapes the spectrum of life and phenomena in the universe, as a generic paradigm beyond Darwin's original biology-based theory. The Theory of Evolution is undoubtedly the most powerful paradigm ever conceived by humans to explain their own existence. Since Darwin´s epoch-making treatise, Origin of Species', published in 1859, evolution has been centre-stage, universally recognised as the driving force in the emergence of modern humans from the genesis of life on this planet almost 4 billion years ago. However, despite its ubiquitous brilliance as the jewel in the crown of human intellectual achievement, the notion of evolution has never been developed to its full potential. It remains instead constrained within its biological cradle, often reduced in everyday connotation to its lowest common denominator of ´survival of the fittest´. The intention of this book to re-evaluate and expand the Darwinian model of evolution; to demonstrate that its current application is only the tip of the intellectual iceberg and that by combining its formidable biological principles with those of decision complexity, network, quantum and information theory, it emerges as an incalculably deeper and richer model than previously contemplated. It will be demonstrated that the evolutionary engine which drives biological development, also drives all other dynamic adaptive processes- the physical, social, cognitive, economic, political and technological and is in fact the major dynamic governing the Universe, past present and future. It is further proposed to demonstrate that recent developments in artificial intelligence and ubiquitous computing through the Internet, mark the next crucial stage in life's evolution, involving the inevitable symbiosis of vast computational intelligence with the human mind. The major hypothesis developed in this book, of a global all-encompassing Theory of Evolution, coupled with its potential for realising the emancipation of human intelligence and potential, provides a vastly more powerful paradigm for exploring the Future of Life than current scientific scenarios. The resulting Omega state of infinite knowledge and wisdom which is proposed, has been actively championed by a number of eminent 19th and 20th century philosophers such as Teillhard de Chardin, Henri Bergson, Schelling, Alfred Whitehead, Samuel Alexander and more recently by the leading physicist and futurist- Professor Frank Tipler. However to date no equivalent scientific framework for supporting such a hypothesis has been provided. In conclusion, The Future of Life: Meta-Evolution has been written not as an academic text but as primarily a non-technical review of the evidence to support such a hypothesis, in much the same vein as other recent publications in the popular science/philosophy genre. It is hoped that this approach will therefore provide a window into the wider evolutionary debate for the general reader interested in one of the most critical emerging paradigm shifts of the 21st century.

Physics in a New Era

Physics in a New Era PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2001-07-15

Total Pages: 203

ISBN-13: 0309073421

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Physics at the beginning of the twenty-first century has reached new levels of accomplishment and impact in a society and nation that are changing rapidly. Accomplishments have led us into the information age and fueled broad technological and economic development. The pace of discovery is quickening and stronger links with other fields such as the biological sciences are being developed. The intellectual reach has never been greater, and the questions being asked are more ambitious than ever before. Physics in a New Era is the final report of the NRC's six-volume decadal physics survey. The book reviews the frontiers of physics research, examines the role of physics in our society, and makes recommendations designed to strengthen physics and its ability to serve important needs such as national security, the economy, information technology, and education.

DNA Vs. Evolution

DNA Vs. Evolution PDF

Author: L. D. Virgilio

Publisher: AuthorHouse

Published: 2009-11

Total Pages: 127

ISBN-13: 1449019366

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Every Generation of historians reviews and revises the work of its predecessors. We know that the best historical writers of today's generation undertake such a task. Displaying wit and depiction flair, their elegant essays offer a fresh perspective on their most fascinating group of Americans: the American Author. Who better than I could possibly write a new assessment of intellectuals, and those around them? In this age of hypothetical one-dimensional entity, "short string" theories and "Bing Bang" scientific study of the origin and structure of the universe, we're used to thinking of the unknown as incredibly distant from our every day lives. The latest theories of physics, in fact, deal with phenomena so unapproachable that we don't know if we will ever be able to run the experiments needed to test them. Because of this occurrence we have some people speaking, "the end of science". In this specially selected illustrated book many extraordinary men throughout the millions of year's history of Man could not have imagined that they made it possible for ordinary people to live and survive on Planet Earth. L. D. Virgilio - Author

Origin and Evolution of the Universe

Origin and Evolution of the Universe PDF

Author: John Robson

Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP

Published: 1987-11-01

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 0773561447

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Does the universe have the character it has because of design? In this collection of essays first presented at a symposium sponsored by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and the Royal Society of Canada, seventeen scientists and philosophers re-examine the "Argument by Design" in light of current scientific theories. Scientists in such diverse fields as cosmology, physics, geology, biology, and psychology provide syntheses of the state of their respective disciplines with regard to questions such as the origin or evolution of the universe and of life, the interaction of life and terrestrial environment, and verbal communication in prehumans. Contributions by philosophers cover such areas as arguments for a designer and the question of whether nature's laws and initial conditions could be viewed as "fine tuned" for the production of life. Many of the chapters demonstrate the awe-inspiring success of modern science in explaining the universe in terms of fairly straightforward natural laws, countering those versions of the design argument which try to find evidence of God's activities in the supposed failures of scientific laws to cover various phenomena.

Convergent Evolution on Earth

Convergent Evolution on Earth PDF

Author: George R. McGhee, Jr.

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2019-10-15

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 0262042738

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An analysis of patterns of convergent evolution on Earth that suggests where we might look for similar convergent forms on other planets. Why does a sea lily look like a palm tree? And why is a sea lily called a “lily” when it is a marine animal and not a plant? Many marine animals bear a noticeable similarity in form to land-dwelling plants. And yet these marine animal forms evolved in the oceans first; land plants independently and convergently evolved similar forms much later in geologic time. In this book, George McGhee analyzes patterns of convergent evolution on Earth and argues that these patterns offer lessons for the search for life elsewhere in the universe. Our Earth is a water world; 71 percent of the earth's surface is covered by water. The fossil record shows that multicellular life on dry land is a new phenomenon; for the vast majority of the earth's history—3,500 million years of its 4,560 million years of existence—complex life existed only in the oceans. Explaining that convergent biological evolution occurs because of limited evolutionary pathways, McGhee examines examples of convergent evolution in forms of feeding, immobility and mobility, defense, and organ systems. McGhee suggests that the patterns of convergent evolution that we see in our own water world indicate the potential for similar convergent forms in other water worlds. We should search for extraterrestrial life on water worlds, and for technological life on water worlds with continental landmasses.