Evidence, Respect and Truth

Evidence, Respect and Truth PDF

Author: Liat Levanon

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2022-11-03

Total Pages: 217

ISBN-13: 1509942661

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Can we rely solely on statistics when we judge what is true and just? This book takes a holistic approach to addressing this question. It considers the legal trial as its paradigmatic case study before analysing a wide range of different cases, including profiling, the use of algorithms to predict students' grades, and the authorisation of automated cars. The book suggests that when we make judgements about the truth or about justice, approximations are not good enough. Truth and justice are uncompromising. They must be so, because the value that underlies them both is respect; and respect takes no compromise. Thus, in the search for truth as in the search for justice, a body of evidence that imposes a statistical compromise will not do. Only evidence that in principle allows reaching the truth and doing justice is good evidence. Once such evidence has been traced, the burden is on us to make good use of the evidence and reach truth and justice. We might or might not succeed, but once we have done our best on evidence that allows success, our judgements are justified; and as such, they can resolve conflicts over the truth and over justice.

Evidence, Respect and Truth

Evidence, Respect and Truth PDF

Author: Liat Levanon

Publisher: Hart Publishing

Published: 2022-11-03

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 1509942653

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Should statistical evidence be used as legal evidence? This book takes a holistic approach to addressing this question by considering the relationship between evidence, randomness and justifying reasons. It situates the problem of 'evidence and chance' within the broader sweep of the administration of criminal justice. The book draws a distinction between evidence that can justify critical judgments and evidence that can only justify non-critical judgments. It considers the way that evidence can justify critical judgment only if it can support all the propositions of the judgment, thus leaving none of the propositions random and explains that evidence can justify non-critical judgments even where it leaves some propositions random. One implication is that 'naked statistical evidence' can only justify non-critical judgments. The evidential distinction is explored and attuned in a range of legal and related extra-legal contexts including: - criminal and civil judgments; - allocation of burdens based on profiling (like in 'stop and search'); - distribution of resources based on profiling; - private judgements in everyday life; and - justified belief.

Respecting Truth

Respecting Truth PDF

Author: Lee McIntyre

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2015-06-05

Total Pages: 179

ISBN-13: 1317497171

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Throughout history, humans have always indulged in certain irrationalities and held some fairly wrong-headed beliefs. But in his newest book, philosopher Lee McIntyre shows how we've now reached a watershed moment for ignorance in the modern era, due to the volume of misinformation, the speed with which it can be digitally disseminated, and the savvy exploitation of our cognitive weaknesses by those who wish to advance their ideological agendas. In Respecting Truth: Willful Ignorance in the Internet Age, McIntyre issues a call to fight back against this slide into the witless abyss. In the tradition of Galileo, the author champions the importance of using tested scientific methods for arriving at true beliefs, and shows how our future survival is dependent on a more widespread, reasonable world.

Tracking Truth

Tracking Truth PDF

Author: Sherrilyn Roush

Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand

Published: 2005-11-10

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13: 0199274738

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Tracking Truth presents a unified treatment of knowledge, evidence, and epistemological realism and anti-realism about scientific theories. A wide range of knowledge-related phenomena, especially but not only in science, strongly favour the idea of tracking as the key to what makes something knowledge. A subject who tracks the truth - an idea first formulated by Robert Nozick - has the ability to follow the truth through time and changing circumstances. Epistemologistsrightly concluded that Nozick's theory was not viable, but a simple revision of that view is not only viable but superior to other current views. In this new tracking account of knowledge, in contrast to the old view, knowledge has the property of closure under known implication, and troublesome counterfactualsare replaced with well-defined conditional probability statements. Of particular interest are the new view's treatment of skepticism, reflective knowledge, lottery propositions, knowledge of logical truth, and the question why knowledge is power in the Baconian sense.Ideally, evidence indicates a hypothesis and discriminates it from other possible hypotheses. This is the idea behind a tracking view of evidence, and Sherrilyn Roush provides a defence of a confirmation theory based on the Likelihood Ratio. The accounts of knowledge and evidence she offers provide a deep and seamless explanation of why having better evidence makes one more likely to have knowledge. Roush approaches the question of epistemological realism about scientific theories through thequestion what is required for evidence, and rejects both traditional realist and traditional anti-realist positions in favour of a new position which evaluates realist claims in a piecemeal fashion according to a general standard of evidence. The results show that while anti-realists were immodest indeclaring a priori what science could not do, realists were excessively sanguine about how far our actual evidence has so far taken us.

Truth and the Absence of Fact

Truth and the Absence of Fact PDF

Author: Hartry Field

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2001-03

Total Pages: 418

ISBN-13: 0199241716

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Hartry Field presents a selection of thirteen essays on a set of related topics at the foundations of philosophy; one essay is previously unpublished, and eight are accompanied by substantial new postscripts.Five of the essays are primarily about truth, meaning, and propositional attitudes, five are primarily about semantic indeterminacy and other kinds of 'factual defectiveness' in our discourse, and three are primarily about issues concerning objectivity, especially in mathematics and in epistemology. The essays on truth, meaning, and the attitudes show a development from a form of correspondence theory of truth and meaning to a more deflationist perspective.The next set of papers argue that a place must be made in semantics for the idea that there are questions about which there is no fact of the matter, and address the difficulties involved in making sense of this, both within a correspondence theory of truth and meaning, and within a deflationary theory. Two papers argue that there are questions in mathematics about which there is no fact of the mattter, and draw out implications of this for the nature of mathematics. And the final paper arguesfor a view of epistemology in which it is not a purely fact-stating enterprise.This influential work by a key figure in contemporary philosophy will reward the attention of any philosopher interested in language, epistemology, or mathematics.

The Federal Reporter

The Federal Reporter PDF

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1894

Total Pages: 1078

ISBN-13:

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Includes cases argued and determined in the District Courts of the United States and, Mar./May 1880-Oct./Nov. 1912, the Circuit Courts of the United States; Sept./Dec. 1891-Sept./Nov. 1924, the Circuit Courts of Appeals of the United States; Aug./Oct. 1911-Jan./Feb. 1914, the Commerce Court of the United States; Sept./Oct. 1919-Sept./Nov. 1924, the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia.

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