Evaluating Future U.S. Army Force Posture in Europe

Evaluating Future U.S. Army Force Posture in Europe PDF

Author: Kathleen H. Hicks

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2016-07-30

Total Pages: 88

ISBN-13: 1442259647

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This report offers an examination of U.S. Army force posture in Europe amid heightened tensions between the United States and Russia. The report explores the necessary components of a sustainable and credible deterrence posture in Europe and highlights key challenges—from the strategic down to the tactical level. It offers recommendations for how to best recalibrate U.S. defense and deterrence posture in Europe over the next decade.

Striking the Balance

Striking the Balance PDF

Author: Anthony Pfaff

Publisher:

Published: 2020-08-08

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13:

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This study takes on one of the most difficult strategic decisions the Army faces today: how to plan for an uncertain and volatile future. In the context of Army force posture in Europe, these decisions are complicated by limited resources and by an evolving adversary that can employ asymmetric means to neutralize the impact of investments the Army makes today. In an effort to ensure Army capabilities endure over the long term and prevail in the event of conflict, the Army is implementing multidomain operations (MDO), which describes how the Army can compete with or, if necessary, defeat, an adversary across all domains, as part of the Joint Force. Conceived this way, MDO is more than simply Joint operations. MDO describes how the Army will fight alongside the other services in the air, land, sea, space, and cyber domains. To this end, the study avoids specifying a particular force posture. Much work has already been done regarding the best course of action for defeating an adversary under worst-case conditions. This study does not seek to recreate that analysis but to draw on it to examine the kinds of strategic decisions that need to be made to account for the various trade-offs any particular force posture would entail. Moreover, this study tries to avoid the bottom-up approach described in other studies. For example, rather than reviewing whether the Army should consider the Polish offer to station US forces, the study seeks to determine top-down frameworks that would illustrate the various tradeoffs making such a decision would entail. In this way, the study's authors seek to provide a map to navigate these decisions to provide an effective deterrent and, failing that, a response to potential Russian aggression, while preserving global flexibility to respond to what might be greater threats to the security of the United States, its Allies, and its partners in other regions.

Force Structure

Force Structure PDF

Author: U.s. Government Accountability Office

Publisher:

Published: 2017-08-04

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13: 9781974244522

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"Why GAO Did This StudyIn January 2012, DOD issued new strategic guidance on defense budget priorities, indicating that it must rebalance its overseas force posture-including the forward stationing of Navy ships in Spain for ballistic missile defense and the reduction of U.S. Army forces in Europe-in the face of deficit reduction. Similarly, DOD reported in its 2011 Global Defense Posture Report to Congress that savings associated with permanently stationing forces in the United States rather than overseas are often offset by such factors as increased rotational costs. Based on direction from the Senate Armed Services Committee, GAO evaluated the extent to which DOD has (1) conducted analysis to support recent overseas posture decisions and (2) developed a process for making posture decisions that align with strategy and consider costs. GAO assessed two recent posture initiatives, DOD plans and guidance related to posture, and theater posture plans from each combatant command.What GAO RecommendsGAO recommends that DOD conduct a comprehensive cost analysis associated with the Navy's decision to station ships in Rota, assess options and costs related to rotating forces in Europe, and clarify roles and responsibilities of key entities to collect cost data on initiatives. DOD generally agreed with GAO's recommendations and identified corrective actions, but additional steps are needed to fully address GAO's recommendation"

Forward Defense

Forward Defense PDF

Author: Seth G. Jones

Publisher: Center for Strategic & International Studies

Published: 2024-05-31

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781538170786

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This CSIS report argues that the United States needs a robust force posture, including U.S. Army presence, in Europe on NATO's eastern flank to deter future Russian aggression. A significant downsizing of U.S. forces in Europe would weaken deterrence and embolden a revanchist Russia.

The Army Modernization Imperative

The Army Modernization Imperative PDF

Author: Andrew Hunter

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2017-06-16

Total Pages: 76

ISBN-13: 1442280166

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This report characterizes the context and nature of the U.S. Army’s modernization challenge and recommends ways the Army can maximize the effectiveness of its modernization budget going forward.

The National Brain-Wounded Veteran Brain Drain

The National Brain-Wounded Veteran Brain Drain PDF

Author: Eric W. Koleda

Publisher: TreatNOW.org

Published: 2021-10-01

Total Pages: 140

ISBN-13:

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Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), the “invisible wounds” and the “signature injuries” to US service members, number over eight hundred thousand. The costs of those injuries over time have not been adequately tallied. The DoD, VA and medicine in general use an inadequate protocol that treats symptoms and fails to treat underlying brain wounds. It is fair to say that costs continue to escalate partly as a result of politics brought about by medicine’s unwillingness to accept worldwide science and evidence of new, non-standard treatments that are healing brain wounds. Annually, millions of people in the US sustain TBIs and Concussions. Over a quarter of million are hospitalized and survive. According to CDC estimates, 1.6 to 3.8 million sports and recreation related concussions occur each year in the U.S. Over 80,000 experience the onset of long-term disability. Acquired brain trauma is the second most prevalent disability in the U.S., now estimated at 13.5 million Americans. A war lasting twenty years has coincided with interrelated epidemics of suicide, opioid overdoses, and mental health deterioration in the military services. $118.1 billion per year is the current annual economic impact on our country by TBI veterans who live with untreated, undiagnosed, or misdiagnosed brain wounds. The costs are spread across a complex of known impacts. It includes Veteran homelessness, loss of state and federal income taxes, sales taxes, vehicle taxes, drug and opioid induced costs, non-taxable VA and Social Security disability payments, state incarceration and hospitalization costs, pharmaceuticals, and caregiver costs. The costs of the moral, mental, social and behavioral damage are hard to quantify. The financial modeling approach used in this study reflects the estimated economic impact to each state and our country’s annual tax revenues and expenses. A similar analysis is done to assess the costs of treating and healing brain wounds with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) and other proven alternative, functional medicine interventions. This contrasts with the current standard of care: merely treating symptoms and palliating pain and suffering with drugs. Treating and healing brain wounds, now possible, can reverse the suicide epidemic among service members and brake accelerating costs; improve Quality of Life for the wounded and their families; and affect military readiness and national security. The cost savings are profound: Treating the estimated 877,000+ brain-wounded post-9/11 Veterans with Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBOT) and other proven alternative therapies will cost an estimated $19.7 Billion. That is less than ½ of one percent of the $4.7 Trillion 40-year lifetime costs attributable to NOT treating those brain wounds. Recommendations include: Immediate use of proven alternative therapies such as HBOT to arrest the suicide epidemic and heal wounded brains; implementation of a comprehensive plan to promote a collaborative, prospective TBI treatment agenda, with the sense of urgency that epidemics demand; URGENT DoD and VA efforts to develop coordinate, and implement a measurement-based TBI management system that documents patients’ progress over the course of treatment and long-term follow-up; highest priority assigned to ensure DoD and VA medical personnel are fulfilling their medical ethical obligations of “Informed Consent” about current alternative treatments, science and the need for immediate identification and treatment of a brain wounded service members; independent audits of all mental health statistics and numbers coming out of DoD and the VA, along with budget numbers masking total costs for TBI Veterans; and application of the principles of Functional Medicine in assessing and treating all combat veterans.

Coping with Surprise in Great Power Conflicts

Coping with Surprise in Great Power Conflicts PDF

Author: Mark F. Cancian

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2018-03-23

Total Pages: 151

ISBN-13: 1442280727

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Surprise has always been an element of warfare, but the return of great power competition—and the high-level threat that it poses—gives urgency to thinking about surprise now. Because the future is highly uncertain, and great powers have not fought each other for over 70 years, surprise is highly likely in a future great power conflict. This study, therefore, examines potential surprises in a great power conflict, particularly in a conflict’s initial stages when the interaction of adversaries’ technologies, prewar plans, and military doctrines first becomes manifest. It is not an attempt to project the future. Rather, it seeks to do the opposite: explore the range of possible future conflicts to see where surprises might lurk.

Extending Russia

Extending Russia PDF

Author: James Dobbins

Publisher: Rand Corporation

Published: 2019-04-11

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 1977400248

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As the U.S. National Defense Strategy recognizes, the United States is currently locked in a great-power competition with Russia. This report seeks to define areas where the United States can compete to its own advantage. It examines Russian vulnerabilities and anxieties; analyzes potential policy options to exploit them; and assesses the associated benefits, costs, and risks, as well as the likelihood of successful implementation.