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Evaluating Companies for Mergers and Acquisitions

Author:

Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing

Published: 2014-06-04

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 1783506210

This volume in the IBM series investigates how the evaluation of a target firm influence the outcome of mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Co-authored by international business expert Pervez Ghauri, it highlights the processes that evaluate potential acquisition targets, and how a proper evaluation can positively influence the M&A performance.

Mergers, Acquisitions And Business Valuation

Author: Ravindhar Vadapalli

Publisher: Excel Books India

Published: 2007-11

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 9788174465702

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Mergers, Acquisitions and Business Valuation is a practical guide to the methods of Business Valuation covering quoted and unquoted companies. This book will be invaluable to anyone engaged in a practical or academic investigation of company valuation and Due Diligence Process in Mergers and Acquisitions. This book covers American and Indian Corporate Cases. It is written keeping in view the requirements of MBA students, researchers and academicians as well as practitioners.

Mergers & Acquisitions - a Real Option valuation approach of investment decision under uncertainty

Author: Marc Zajicek

Publisher: diplom.de

Published: 2004-01-06

Total Pages: 78

ISBN-13: 3832475753

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Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The objective of this dissertation is to examine the application of Real Options for the evaluation of companies with regard to acquisitions. There has been an intensive scientific discussion in the past years about the Real Options method for the evaluation of investments and mergers & acquisitions as in practice usually the management tries to capture future developments with static methods of capital budgeting. For example, future cash-flows are discounted with a fixed risk-adjusted discount rate. Therefore, the Real Options approach has been applied very rarely as it has the reputation of high complexity and poor practicability in daily business. However, the use of present values and capitalized values may produce pitfalls in acquisition decisions as strategic investment decisions might be characterized by a wide range of possibilities to react flexibly to a fast changing environment. In chapter 1, the term Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) is defined and the motives as well as the relevance of M&A transactions for different branches are described in detail. Furthermore, the process and the different phases of a merger or an acquisition are explained. Chapter 2 presents traditional evaluation methods of static net present value, sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo and decision tree. These classic methods are discussed and a comparison is drawn among these techniques in regard to practicability. At the end of this chapter, a evaluation is presented in regard to specific situations with the mayor parameter of uncertainty and flexibility for the application of these classic methods. The basic concept of option pricing is described in chapter 3. In addition, the Black-Scholes equation and the underlying assumptions are explained in detail in order to understand financial options, which are the basic for the Real Options approach. At the end of the chapter, an example of a call and put option is discussed in order to understand the functioning of options. Chapter 4 presents an introduction and definition of the Real Options method. Furthermore, the value drivers and the value creation due to the application of Real Options are discussed and analyzed in detail. After the discussion of the functioning of Real Options, a comparison of the analogy between financial Options and Real Options is done in order to possible differences. In this context, the limitations of the analogy of financial and Real Options are presented. Finally, [...]

Premium Evaluation in Mergers and Acquisitions of Electricity Companies

Author: Aleksandr Sterkhov

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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The purpose of this research is to build a model for estimating the relative premium in mergers and acquisitions involving electric power companies. This evaluation is based on four groups of factors: the company's operating and financial results, the country in which the company operates, the industry the company belongs to, and the debt market conjuncture.This paper is based on a comparative business valuation method. The empirical base of this research includes data on 6504 deals that have occurred throughout the world from 1997 to 2018. This data is sourced from the Zephyr database, which includes data on both public and non-public companies for which the amount paid in a deal is known, as well as the value of total assets.The results of this research demonstrates that this categorisation of industries, (achieved via a mathematical algorithm) corresponds almost identically to the existing industry structure of the electric power industry. The coefficient of determination of the final econometric model is more than 20 percent, which indicates a high-quality assessment. This is because the relative premium is predicted (and not the amount paid in the deal), which is in close correlation with the value of the company's assets.The scientific novelty of this paper consists in our clarifying of the conceptual apparatus (the relative premium term introduced in a deal), the selection and grouping of factors which affect the size of the relative premium, and the identification and quantifying of the influence of variables included in each group of factors. This article proposes the author's approach to the categorisation of countries and industries based on the equality of premium coefficients in the regression, as well as categorisation by groups of countries and industries with equal premiums.This composition outlines a methodology that may be used to predict the value of a business, as well as determining the value paid in a deal, in cases where such information is not available publicly. This will be of obvious interest to anyone involved in business or research in several fields. Further, as concerns further development of these results, various interesting features are highlighted which are beyond the scope of this research to investigate further. For example, the relative premium seems to be determined by variables related to the quality of the institutional environment. The correlation of political stability and premium value arises, providing fresh ground for future study.

Mergers and Acquisitions

Author: Ernst & Young LLP

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 1994-03-31

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 9780471578185

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The economic climate, new regulations and developments both here and abroad have totally changed the face of today's mergers and acquisitions. Completely rewritten and updated, it examines realistic strategies and goals for the 1990s that must be addressed in order to achieve a successful acquisition program. Includes coverage of the post-acquisition process, chapters on restructuring financially troubled companies, and unique strategies that apply to niche acquisitions. It also features new material on international mergers, the pros and cons of partial buy-ins, cross-border alliances, financing options and covers issues (strategic, legal, financial and regulatory) that can affect a deal of any size.

Controlling the Results of Mergers and Acquisitions - Methods for Measuring the M&A Success

Author: Charlotte Walz

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2005-12-11

Total Pages: 43

ISBN-13: 3638446875

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Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - General, grade: 1,0, Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences, course: Spezielle BWL - M&A, language: English, abstract: Many companies pursue a growth strategy by executing acquisitions. But in recent years they have seen too many publications showing that M&A failure ratios exceed success ratios. In this paper it is examined which methods can be applied for measuring the M&A success and reasons, why these studies concluded in negative results, are given. For measuring the success of M&As, the definition of objectives, the company wants to achieve by acquiring, is essential. In general, the overall goal is to create shareholder value though each acquiring company has its own specific secondary goals. Within this paper these secondary goals are divided into the financial dimension (e.g. synergies), HR dimension (e.g. gaining key personnel) and market strategic dimension (e.g. gaining market share). Before measuring the M&A success, some general problems which affect all evaluation methods have to be considered. The first problem refers to the period of measurement. It is difficult to find the adequate period as it considerably differs amongst the various evaluation methods. The second problem refers to the comparison of measurement results. For a realistic view, the results should not only be observed before and after the transaction but as-if figures of the single entities, in case of not having merged, should be considered. The first method to measure M&A success is the objective evaluation model which can be subdivided into the annual accounts oriented method, the capital market oriented method and the event oriented method. The annual accounts method considers various ratios out of the external accounting system (e.g. RoE). It is rather a past-oriented method. The second method to measure M&A success is the subjective evaluation method which includes questionings of people involved in the M&A process (managers, employees, internal and external experts). This method is especially important for measuring the success of the integration process and, although not useful as an isolated assessment, it makes a valuable contribution to the evaluation of the M&A success. The various methods can lead to different results, therefore general statements about success or failure of M&A deals can only be made under reserve. Important aspects (e.g. distortion of study results due to large loss deals) were not considered. According to recent (more sophisticated) studies, M&As are able to generate value and growth under the right circumstances.

Financial Analysis of Mergers and Acquisitions

Author: Eli Amir

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-02-02

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 3030617696

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Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) reshape the corporate landscape helping companies expand market share and gain a strategic advantage. The ability to understand and analyze these transactions is a crucial skill. The first step in acquiring that skill is being able to gather and analyse information on M&As from public sources, such as financial statements. This textbook helps its readers better analyze M&A transactions using information provided in financial statements. Covering accounting and reporting of consolidations, goodwill, non-controlling interests, step acquisitions, spin-offs, equity carve-outs, joint ventures, leveraged buyouts, disposal of subsidiaries, special purpose entities, and taxes, it focuses on the link between underlying economic events and the information in financial statements and how this link affects the assessment of corporate performance. The first part of the book provides description of the accounting rules governing M&A transactions, while the second part includes cases of M&A transactions. Each case focuses on a different element of an M&A transaction, and it is followed by a detailed solution with a complete analysis. Unlike other books in this field, this textbook focuses exclusively on accounting and financial analysis for graduate and upper undergraduate level courses in financial analysis, corporate finance, and financial accounting.

Evaluation of Success of Mergers and Acquisitions - Case Finnish Forest Companies

Author: Katja Antikainen

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 34

ISBN-13:

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The objective of this study was to find out what factors affect the success of mergers, what kind of methods there are to measure the success, and what kind of methods are used in Finnish forest companies, and how systematic the measuring is. The success of two Finnish forest industry mergers was evaluated.A framework for interviews was made on the basis of literature concerning mergers and acquisitions, and this framework was the basis in acquiring a view of the Finnish forest industry on measuring the success of mergers. The success indicators introduced in literature are partly applied in the latter part of the study and the success of the mergers is evaluated.The most significant factors influencing mergers according to the interviewees were the consolidation of the entire industry and the company's own strategy. Measuring the success of the merger was considered to be problematic and there seemed to be no consistent practice. The numerical evaluation implies that both studied companies have reached economies of scale in total costs. According to the calculations the profitability of the firms has developed into favourable direction after the mergers and also shareholders have got benefits through increased dividends.

Mergers and Acquisitions

Author: David R. King

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-10-30

Total Pages: 158

ISBN-13: 042989080X

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The process of identifying and evaluating a target firm, completing a deal after its negotiation and announcement, and then integrating a target firm after legal combination is a multi-year process with uncertain returns to acquiring firms. Research on mergers and acquisitions (M&As) is progressing rapidly yet it remains fragmented across multiple research perspectives that largely examine different acquisition phases separately and coincide with a focus on different research variables. As a result, research fragmentation means that a researcher in one area may be unaware of research from related areas that is likely relevant. This contributes to research silos with M&A research displaying different traditions, starting points, and assumptions. Mergers and Acquisitions: A Research Overview summarizes the frontier in M&A research and provides insights into where it can be expanded. It undertakes the needed integration and reconciliation of research in order to derive practical knowledge for managing acquisitions from beginning to end, providing a summary of what is known and its implications for future research. This concise overview reconciles and integrates the state of the art in our understanding of mergers and acquisitions, providing an essential first stopping point in the research journey of students and scholars working in this area.

Value in Due Diligence

Author: Ronald Gleich

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-11-22

Total Pages: 273

ISBN-13: 1351143425

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The recent financial crisis has thrown many of the mergers and acquisitions of recent years into sharp focus. Too many have failed to generate real value for shareholders and many others have only proved lukewarm successes. Although it is impossible to assess accurately the extent to which these failures may be the result of poor planning and execution, they have raised considerable questions about the process, breadth and effectiveness of traditional due diligence activities. Value in Due Diligence explores new applications for due diligence including areas such as corporate culture, social responsibility, and innovation. It also examines the due diligence process itself to draw out those elements that provide effective risk and opportunity management as opposed to simple compliance.