Employee Benefits and Labor Markets in Canada and the United States

Employee Benefits and Labor Markets in Canada and the United States PDF

Author: William T. Alpert

Publisher: W. E. Upjohn Institute

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 544

ISBN-13:

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Explores the impact that the provision of various types of employee benefits has on labor markets in the US and Canada. Part I focuses on the relationship between employee benefits and labor supply, and Part II examines employee benefits and labor demand issues. Part III considers the implications of employee benefits for worker turnover, wages, and equity, and Part IV focuses on pensions and public policy toward retirement income. Specific topics include fringe benefits and employment, payroll taxation, child care and the supply of labor, and public and private pensions. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR

Labor Market Policies in Canada and Latin America: Challenges of the New Millennium

Labor Market Policies in Canada and Latin America: Challenges of the New Millennium PDF

Author: R. Albert Berry

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 311

ISBN-13: 147573347X

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Canada and the countries of Latin America are in the midst of major changes and choices in the area of labor markets and related social policy. These decisions are likely to have profound consequences for the quality of life of workers throughout the hemisphere. Labor Market Policies in Canada and Latin America: Challenges of the New Millennium reviews the evidence of Canada and Latin America on three major labor policy instruments - unemployment insurance, minimum wages and training - and on the effects of the payroll taxes which are the main means of funding the unemployment insurance system and other components of social expenditure. This is the first study attempting an in-depth comparison of these labor policy instruments between Canada and Latin America. The useful juxtaposition of Canadian and Latin American experiences comes at a time when the trend in Canada is to back away from the perhaps overly generous or ineffectively administered elements of the labor legislation/social security net and when Latin American countries have undertaken significant reforms of their past systems but require further changes to move toward the sorts of legislation and support systems that characterize developed countries. The experiences of Canada and Latin America are mutually relevant since all are small economies forced to adjust to events at the world or hemispheric level and most are inclined to approach policy in an intermediate fashion which falls between the more market-oriented American and the more interventionist European models. Together with its comparative aspect, this volume attempts a more balanced and in-depth assessment in each of the policy areas than has hitherto been available. The gradually increasing base of available empirical data on the period after the reforms has been used in the studies, which provide thorough syntheses of the available research for Canada and Latin America.

Working Part-Time

Working Part-Time PDF

Author: Barbara Warme

Publisher: Praeger

Published: 1992-04-30

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13:

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The hiring of part-time and temporary workers has historically been a mechanism for adjusting imbalances between supply and demand in the labor market. The use of such workers has increased dramatically as technological changes have put a premium on flexibility, and as fringe benefits have come to constitute an increasing percentage of labor costs. Flexibility is sought not only by organizations, but also by individuals: students, women with children, disabled persons, and retirees all benefit by part-time opportunities. Part-Time Work discusses these opportunities, and the risk involved in employment which is sometimes underpaid and devalued, and from which movement to full-time positions is difficult. This volume represents the work of a cross-section of specialists in labor economics, industrial relations specialists, and social scientists who are engaged in research on the transformation of work in Canada, the United States, and Great Britain. Chapters focus on the structural aspects of part-time work, conditions under which such work is performed, constraints imposed on employers by official agencies, and expectations and attitudes of part-time workers rooted in a particular society. Part-Time Work will prove particularly useful to sociologists, labor specialists, and relevant government agencies, organizations, and unions.

Small Differences That Matter

Small Differences That Matter PDF

Author: David Card

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2009-02-15

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 0226092895

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This volume, the first in a new series by the National Bureau of Economic Research that compares labor markets in different countries, examines social and labor market policies in Canada and the United States during the 1980s. It shows that subtle differences in unemployment compensation, unionization, immigration policies, and income maintenance programs have significantly affected economic outcomes in the two countries. For example: -Canada's social safety net, more generous than the American one, produced markedly lower poverty rates in the 1980s. -Canada saw a smaller increase in earnings inequality than the United States did, in part because of the strength of Canadian unions, which have twice the participation that U.S. unions do. -Canada's unemployment figures were much higher than those in the United States, not because the Canadian economy failed to create jobs but because a higher percentage of nonworking time was reported as unemployment. These disparities have become noteworthy as policy makers cite the experiences of the other country to support or oppose particular initiatives.

Pay at Risk

Pay at Risk PDF

Author: John A. Turner

Publisher: W.E. Upjohn Institute

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 220

ISBN-13: 0880992220

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Comprises seven papers which analyse risk bearing by workers in the USA and Canada. Examines changes in wages and job risk, employment arrangements, health care coverage, social security and occupational pension schemes and accident compensation mainly from the 1970s to the 1990s. Discusses policy options.

Local Labor Markets in Canada and the United States

Local Labor Markets in Canada and the United States PDF

Author: David Y. Albouy

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 58

ISBN-13:

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"We examine local labor markets in the United States and Canada from 1990 to 2011 using comparable household and business data. Wage levels and inequality rise with city population in both countries, albeit less in Canada. Neither country saw wage levels converge despite contrasting migration patterns from/to high-wage areas. Local labor demand shifts raise nominal wages similarly, although in Canada they attract immigrant and highly skilled workers more, while raising housing costs less. Chinese import competition had a weaker negative impact on manufacturing employment in Canada. These results are consistent with Canada’s more redistributive transfer system and larger, more-educated immigrant workforce"--Abstract, page ii.

Unemployment Insurance Eligibility and the Dynamics of the Labor Market

Unemployment Insurance Eligibility and the Dynamics of the Labor Market PDF

Author: Min Zhang

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 9780494608999

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This thesis examines a number of issues regarding the Mortensen-Pissarides search and matching model's empirical performance. Chapter 1 documents the volatility puzzle with the Canadian data. The combined data from both Canada and the United States present an additional difficulty. Even if the unobserved value of leisure is allowed to be as high as required to fit the business cycle in the United States or in Canada, the model cannot reconcile the similar labor cycles with the large policy differences in the UI benefits and income taxes in the two countries when the value of leisure is assumed to be the same in both countries.Chapter 2 takes into account the realistic institutional features of the UI system and investigates the impacts of the UI benefits on the labor market outcomes. If entitlement to UI benefits must be earned with employment, generous UI is an additional benefit to an employment relationship, so it promotes job creation. If individuals are risk neutral, UI is fairly priced, and the UI system prevents moral-hazard unemployed workers, the generosity of UI has no effect on unemployment.Chapter 3 shows that the Mortensen-Pissarides search and matching model can be successfully parameterized to generate observed large cyclical fluctuations in unemployment and modest responses of unemployment to changes in the UI benefits. The key features behind this success are the endogenous eligibility for UI benefits and the heterogeneity of workers. With the linear utilities commonly assumed in the Mortensen-Pissarides model, a fully rated UI system designed to prevent moral hazard has no effect on unemployment. However, the UI system in the United States is neither fully rated nor able to prevent workers with low productivity from quitting their jobs or rejecting employment offers to collect benefits. As a result, an increase in UI generosity has a positive, but realistically small, effect on unemployment. This chapter answers the Costain and Reiter (2008) criticism with the Mortensen-Pissarides model.

Short-time Compensation

Short-time Compensation PDF

Author: Ramelle MaCoy

Publisher: New York : Pergamon Press

Published: 1984

Total Pages: 248

ISBN-13:

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Evaluation of short time working compensated by unemployment benefit (STC) to provide employment security in the USA, including comparisons with Canada and Germany, Federal Republic - covers management attitudes and employees attitudes to Job Sharing, legal aspects, administrative aspects, and the case of Motorola. Graphs and references.

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