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Empire, Ideology, Mass Violence: The Long 20th Century in Comparative Perspective
Author: Tobias Hof
Publisher: Herbert Utz Verlag
Published: 2016-09-20
Total Pages: 282
ISBN-13: 3831643318
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Despite the vast literature on genocide and mass violence during the 19th and 20th century, one question still haunts historians and the wider public alike: Why do ‘ordinary men’ use extreme violence against fellow human beings? “Empire, Ideology, Violence: The Long 20th Century” in Comparative Perspective offers innovative methods and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of extreme violence in the long 20th century. By looking at case studies from different regions and time periods the contributors shed more light on the social, political and economic contexts in which humans are inclined to use extreme forms of violence. Topics in the volume include case studies from Asia, Africa, Europe, the Ottoman Empire and the Nazi Third Reich.
Mass Violence in Nazi-Occupied Europe
Author: Alex J. Kay
Publisher: Indiana University Press
Published: 2018-07-03
Total Pages: 316
ISBN-13: 0253036836
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Mass Violence in Nazi-Occupied Europe argues for a more comprehensive understanding of what constitutes Nazi violence and who was affected by this violence. The works gathered consider sexual violence, food depravation, and forced labor as aspects of Nazi aggression. Contributors focus in particular on the Holocaust, the persecution of the Sinti and Roma, the eradication of "useless eaters" (psychiatric patients and Soviet prisoners of war), and the crimes of the Wehrmacht. The collection concludes with a consideration of memorialization and a comparison of Soviet and Nazi mass crimes. While it has been over 70 years since the fall of the Nazi regime, the full extent of the ways violence was used against prisoners of war and civilians is only now coming to be fully understood. Mass Violence in Nazi-Occupied Europe provides new insight into the scale of the violence suffered and brings fresh urgency to the need for a deeper understanding of this horrific moment in history.
A Fascist Decade of War
Author: Marco Maria Aterrano
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2020-05-04
Total Pages: 302
ISBN-13: 1351329987
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →From the invasion of Ethiopia in 1935 through to the waning months of the World War II in 1945, Fascist Italy was at war. This Fascist decade of war comprised an uninterrupted stretch of military and political engagements in which Italian military forces were involved in Abyssinia, Spain, Albania, France, Greece, the Soviet Union, North Africa and the Middle East. As a junior partner to Nazi Germany, only entering the war in June 1940, Italy is often seen as a relatively minor player in World War II. However, this book challenges much of the existing scholarship by arguing that Fascist Italy played a significant and distinct role in shaping international relations between 1935 and 1945, creating a Fascist decade of war.
Fascist Warfare, 1922–1945
Author: Miguel Alonso
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2019-11-26
Total Pages: 338
ISBN-13: 3030276481
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This groundbreaking book explores the interpretative potential and analytical capacity of the concept ‘fascist warfare’. Was there a specific type of war waged by fascist states? The concept encompasses not only the practice of violence at the front, but also war culture, the relationship between war and the fascist project, and the construction of the national community. Starting with the legacy of the First World War and using a transnational approach, this collection presents case studies of fascist regimes at war, spanning Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Francoist Spain, Croatia, and Imperial Japan. Themes include the idea of rapid warfare as a symbol of fascism, total war, the role of modern technology, the transfer of war cultures between regimes, anti-partisan warfare as a key feature, and the contingent nature and limits of fascist warfare.
Galeazzo Ciano
Author: Tobias Hof
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Published: 2021
Total Pages: 469
ISBN-13: 1487507984
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Through the prism of the rise and fall of Galeazzo Ciano (1903-1944), this biography is a comprehensive study of a leading member of the fascist regime other than Benito Mussolini.
Sino-German Encounters and Entanglements
Author: Joanne Miyang Cho
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2021-06-17
Total Pages: 345
ISBN-13: 3030733912
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Adopting a transnational approach, this edited volume reveals that Germany and China have had many intense and varied encounters between 1890 and 1950. It focuses on their cross-cultural encounters, entanglements, and bi-directional cultural flows. Although their initial relationship was marked by the logic of colonialism, interwar Sino-German relations established a cooperative relationship untainted by imperialist politics several decades before the era of decolonization. A range of topics are addressed, including pacifists in Germany on the Boxer Rebellion, German investment in Qingdao, teachers at German-Chinese schools, social and pedagogical theories and practice, female literary and missionary connections, Sino-German musical entanglements, humanitarian connections during the Nanjing Massacre, Manchukuo-German diplomacy, and psychoanalysis during the Shanghai exile.
Origins of Political Extremism
Author: Manus I. Midlarsky
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2011-03-17
Total Pages: 443
ISBN-13: 1139500775
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Political extremism is one of the most pernicious, destructive, and nihilistic forms of human expression. During the twentieth century, in excess of 100 million people had their lives taken from them as the result of extremist violence. In this wide-ranging book Manus I. Midlarsky suggests that ephemeral gains, together with mortality salience, form basic explanations for the origins of political extremism and constitute a theoretical framework that also explains later mass violence. Midlarsky applies his framework to multiple forms of political extremism, including the rise of Italian, Hungarian and Romanian fascism, Nazism, radical Islamism, and Soviet, Chinese and Cambodian communism. Other applications include a rampaging military (Japan, Pakistan, Indonesia) and extreme nationalism in Serbia, Croatia, the Ottoman Empire and Rwanda. Polish anti-Semitism after World War II and the rise of separatist violence in Sri Lanka are also examined.
Ideology and Mass Killing
Author: Jonathan Leader Maynard
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2022
Total Pages: 401
ISBN-13: 0198776799
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →In research on 'mass killings' such as genocides and campaigns of state terror, the role of ideology is hotly debated. For some scholars, ideologies are crucial in providing the extremist goals and hatreds that motivate ideologically committed people to kill. But many other scholars are sceptical: contending that perpetrators of mass killing rarely seem ideologically committed, and that rational self-interest or powerful forms of social pressure are more important drivers of violence than ideology. In Ideology and Mass Killing, Jonathan Leader Maynard challenges both these prevailing views, advancing an alternative 'neo-ideological' perspective which systematically retheorises the key ideological foundations of large-scale violence against civilians. Integrating cutting-edge research from multiple disciplines, including political science, political psychology, history and sociology, Ideology and Mass Killing demonstrates that ideological justifications vitally shape such violence in ways that go beyond deep ideological commitment. Most disturbingly of all, the key ideological foundations of mass killings are found to lie, not in extraordinary political goals or hatreds, but in radicalised versions of those conventional, widely accepted ideas that underpin the politics of security in ordinary societies across the world. This study then substantiates this account by a detailed examination of four contrasting cases of mass killing - Stalinist Repression in the Soviet Union between 1930 and 1938, the Allied Bombing Campaign against Germany and Japan in World War II from 1940 to 1945, mass atrocities in the Guatemalan Civil War between 1978 and 1983, and the Rwandan Genocide in 1994. This represents the first volume to offer a dedicated, comparative theory of ideology's role in mass killing, while also developing a powerful new account of how ideology affects violence and politics more generally.
Blood and Soil
Author: Ben Kiernan
Publisher: Yale University Press
Published: 2008-10-01
Total Pages: 735
ISBN-13: 0300137931
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →A book of surpassing importance that should be required reading for leaders and policymakers throughout the world For thirty years Ben Kiernan has been deeply involved in the study of genocide and crimes against humanity. He has played a key role in unearthing confidential documentation of the atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge. His writings have transformed our understanding not only of twentieth-century Cambodia but also of the historical phenomenon of genocide. This new book—the first global history of genocide and extermination from ancient times—is among his most important achievements. Kiernan examines outbreaks of mass violence from the classical era to the present, focusing on worldwide colonial exterminations and twentieth-century case studies including the Armenian genocide, the Nazi Holocaust, Stalin’s mass murders, and the Cambodian and Rwandan genocides. He identifies connections, patterns, and features that in nearly every case gave early warning of the catastrophe to come: racism or religious prejudice, territorial expansionism, and cults of antiquity and agrarianism. The ideologies that have motivated perpetrators of mass killings in the past persist in our new century, says Kiernan. He urges that we heed the rich historical evidence with its telltale signs for predicting and preventing future genocides.
