Electron Crystallography

Electron Crystallography PDF

Author: Thomas E. Weirich

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-08-18

Total Pages: 533

ISBN-13: 1402039204

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During the last decade we have been witness to several exciting achievements in electron crystallography. This includes structural and charge density studies on organic molecules complicated inorganic and metallic materials in the amorphous, nano-, meso- and quasi-crystalline state and also development of new software, tailor-made for the special needs of electron crystallography. Moreover, these developments have been accompanied by a now available new generation of computer controlled electron microscopes equipped with high-coherent field-emission sources, cryo-specimen holders, ultra-fast CCD cameras, imaging plates, energy filters and even correctors for electron optical distortions. Thus, a fast and semi-automatic data acquisition from small sample areas, similar to what we today know from imaging plates diffraction systems in X-ray crystallography, can be envisioned for the very near future. This progress clearly shows that the contribution of electron crystallography is quite unique, as it enables to reveal the intimate structure of samples with high accuracy but on much smaller samples than have ever been investigated by X-ray diffraction. As a tribute to these tremendous recent achievements, this NATO Advanced Study Institute was devoted to the novel approaches of electron crystallography for structure determination of nanosized materials.

Electron Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules

Electron Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules PDF

Author: Robert M. Glaeser

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 500

ISBN-13:

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This book provides a complete introduction to all major topics needed in order to use electron microscopy as a research tool in structural biology. Written by a group of 5 well-known pioneers of the field of electron cryo-microscopy of biological macromolecules, this book offers a depth of knowledge and expertise that could only be replicated from the primary literature with great difficulty.

Electron Crystallography

Electron Crystallography PDF

Author: Devinder Singh

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2020-07-22

Total Pages: 116

ISBN-13: 1838801898

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In the quantitative determination of new structures, micro-/nano-crystalline materials pose significant challenges. The different properties of materials are structure-dependent. Traditionally, X-ray crystallography has been used for the analysis of these materials. Electron diffraction is a technique that complements other techniques; for example, single crystal X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction for determination of structure. Electron diffraction plays a very important role when crystals are very small using single crystal X-ray diffraction or very complex for structure solution by powder X-ray diffraction. With the introduction of advanced methodologies, important methods for crystal structural analysis in the field of electron crystallography have been discovered, such as rotation electron diffraction (RED) and automated electron diffraction tomography (ADT). In recent years, large numbers of crystal structures have been solved using electron crystallography.

Handbook of Crystallography

Handbook of Crystallography PDF

Author: Allen G. Jackson

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 1461230527

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This book resulted from a series of frustrations. Analytical electron microscopy requires exactly what its name implies: quantitative information to conduct an analysis. The frustrations arose when I started hunting for specific forms of equations in a form understandable to a non-crystaHographer, for definitions of subtle concepts related to crystallography, for intelligible interpretations of space group symbols and their significance. What I frequently discovered was that such information was buried in a giant tome and couched in terms familiar to crystallographers but not to electron microscopists in general, or it was located in an old reference not available in my library, or it was found in an out-of-print book, or it was in a Russian book no longer available, etc. So to minimize the frustrations, I started a notebook containing the details, particularly after I had found forms of equations useful for quick calculations or equations in a form useful for proving, doing, or extending calculations found in a reference. The resulting notebook grew to a respectable size, requiring some organizing of the contents. Finally, the size became large enough, and has proven useful enough, to produce the notebook as a book.

Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Assemblies

Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Assemblies PDF

Author: Frank Joachim

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1996-01-24

Total Pages: 342

ISBN-13: 9780080525815

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Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Assemblies is the first systematic introduction to single-particle methods of reconstruction. It covers correlation alignment, classification, 3D reconstruction, restoration, and interpretation of the resulting 3D images in macromolecular assemblies. It will be an indispensable resource for newcomers to the field and for all using or adopting these methods. Key Features * Presents methods that offer an alternative to crystallographic techniques for molecules that cannot be crystallized * Describes methods that have been instrumental in exploring the three-dimensional structure of * the nuclear pore complex * the calcium release channel; * the ribosome * chaperonins

Structural Electron Crystallography

Structural Electron Crystallography PDF

Author: D.L. Dorset

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 455

ISBN-13: 1475766211

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This authoritative text on electron diffraction and crystal structure analysis is the first to describe direct phasing techniques in electron crystallography. Written for electron diffractionists and electron microscopists, this fully illustrated volume presents methods for specimen preparation, data collection and structure analysis. Chapters feature numerous detailed examples of actual structure analyses and contain over 350 illustrations.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis

Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis PDF

Author: Joseph Goldstein

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-11

Total Pages: 679

ISBN-13: 1461332737

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This book has evolved by processes of selection and expansion from its predecessor, Practical Scanning Electron Microscopy (PSEM), published by Plenum Press in 1975. The interaction of the authors with students at the Short Course on Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis held annually at Lehigh University has helped greatly in developing this textbook. The material has been chosen to provide a student with a general introduction to the techniques of scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis suitable for application in such fields as biology, geology, solid state physics, and materials science. Following the format of PSEM, this book gives the student a basic knowledge of (1) the user-controlled functions of the electron optics of the scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe, (2) the characteristics of electron-beam-sample inter actions, (3) image formation and interpretation, (4) x-ray spectrometry, and (5) quantitative x-ray microanalysis. Each of these topics has been updated and in most cases expanded over the material presented in PSEM in order to give the reader sufficient coverage to understand these topics and apply the information in the laboratory. Throughout the text, we have attempted to emphasize practical aspects of the techniques, describing those instru ment parameters which the microscopist can and must manipulate to obtain optimum information from the specimen. Certain areas in particular have been expanded in response to their increasing importance in the SEM field. Thus energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry, which has undergone a tremendous surge in growth, is treated in substantial detail.

Transmission Electron Microscopy and Diffractometry of Materials

Transmission Electron Microscopy and Diffractometry of Materials PDF

Author: Brent Fultz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-10-14

Total Pages: 775

ISBN-13: 3642297609

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This book explains concepts of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) that are important for the characterization of materials. The fourth edition adds important new techniques of TEM such as electron tomography, nanobeam diffraction, and geometric phase analysis. A new chapter on neutron scattering completes the trio of x-ray, electron and neutron diffraction. All chapters were updated and revised for clarity. The book explains the fundamentals of how waves and wavefunctions interact with atoms in solids, and the similarities and differences of using x-rays, electrons, or neutrons for diffraction measurements. Diffraction effects of crystalline order, defects, and disorder in materials are explained in detail. Both practical and theoretical issues are covered. The book can be used in an introductory-level or advanced-level course, since sections are identified by difficulty. Each chapter includes a set of problems to illustrate principles, and the extensive Appendix includes laboratory exercises.

Electron Crystallography

Electron Crystallography PDF

Author: D. Dorset

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 447

ISBN-13: 9401589712

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The re-emergent field of quantitative electron crystallography is described by some of its most eminent practitioners. They describe the theoretical framework for electron scattering, specimen preparation, experimental techniques for optimum data collection, the methodology of structure analysis and refinement, and a range of applications to inorganic materials (including minerals), linear polymers, small organic molecules (including those used in nonlinear optical devices), incommensurately modulated structures (including superconductors), alloys, and integral membrane proteins. The connection between electron crystallography and X-ray crystallography is clearly defined, especially in the utilisation of the latest methods for direct determination of crystallographic phases, as well as the unique role of image analysis of high-resolution electron micrographs for phase determination. Even the aspect of multiple beam dynamic diffraction (once dreaded because it was thought to preclude ab initio analysis) is considered as a beneficial aid for symmetry determination as well as the elucidation of crystallographic phases, and as a criterion for monitoring the progress of structure refinement. Whereas other texts have hitherto preferentially dealt with the analysis of electron diffraction and image data from thin organic materials, this work discusses - with considerable optimism - the prospects of looking at `harder' materials, composed of heavier atoms. Audience: Could be used with profit as a graduate-level course on electron crystallography. Researchers in the area will find a statement of current progress in the field.