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Solar Silicon Processes
Author: Bruno Ceccaroli
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2016-10-03
Total Pages: 273
ISBN-13: 1498742661
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Polycrystalline silicon (commonly called "polysilicon") is the material of choice for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Polysilicon is the purest synthetic material on the market, though its processing through gas purification and decomposition (commonly called "Siemens" process) carries high environmental risk. While many current optoelectronic applications require high purity, PV applications do not and therefore alternate processes and materials are being explored for PV grade silicon. Solar Silicon Processes: Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities reviews current and potential future processing technologies for PV applications of solar silicon. It describes alternative processes and issues of material purity, cost, and environmental impact. It covers limits of silicon use with respect to high-efficiency solar cells and challenges arising from R&D activities. The book also defines purity requirements and purification processes of metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si) and examines production of solar grade silicon by novel processes directly from MG-Si and/or by decomposition of silane gas in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Furthermore, the book: Analyzes past research and industrial development of low-cost silicon processes in view of understanding future trends in this field. Discusses challenges and probability of success of various solar silicon processes. Covers processes that are more environmentally sensitive. Describes limits of silicon use with respect to high-efficiency solar cells and challenges arising from R&D activities. Defines purity requirements and purification processes of MG-Si. Examines production of solar grade silicon directly from MG-Si.
Proceedings of the Symposium on Materials and New Processing Technologies for Photovoltaics
Review on Metallization in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Author: S. Saravanan
Publisher:
Published: 2019
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Solar cell market is led by silicon photovoltaics and holds around 92% of the total market. Silicon solar cell fabrication process involves several critical steps which affects cell efficiency to large extent. This includes surface texturization, diffusion, antireflective coatings, and contact metallization. Among the critical processes, metallization is more significant. By optimizing contact metallization, electrical and optical losses of the solar cells can be reduced or controlled. Conventional and advanced silicon solar cell processes are discussed briefly. Subsequently, different metallization technologies used for front contacts in conventional silicon solar cells such as screen printing and nickel/copper plating are reviewed in detail. Rear metallization is important to improve efficiency in passivated emitter rear contact cells and interdigitated back contact cells. Current models on local Al contact formation in passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) cells are reviewed, and the influence of process parameters on the formation of local Al contacts is discussed. Also, the contact mechanism and the influence of metal contacts in interdigitated back contact (IBC) cells are reviewed briefly. The research highlights on metallization of conventional screen printed solar cells are compared with PERC and IBC cells.
Novel Duplex Vapor-electrochemical Method for Silicon Solar Cells
Author: Vijay K. Kapur
Publisher:
Published: 1978
Total Pages: 63
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Economic studies of the SRI process for the production of silicon are described. These studies cover the recovery of SiF4 gas from fluosilicic acid (H2SiF6), sodium reduction of SiF4 gas, separation of silicon from the reaction products by leaching the sodium fluorides, conversion of residual fluorides to cryolite, and the environmental treatment of the waste effluents. Since the sodium reduction of SiF4 gas is highly exothermic, an attempt was made to understand the problems of heat transfer in the system and possibly predict their effect on the annual rate of silicon production. The details of the process economics are discussed, and the heat transfer studies are described. Economic analyses of the SRI process for the production of silicon show that silicon can be produced at a cost of $6.20/kg with a total fixed capital of $9,006,985 (1975 dollars) for a 1000 MT/yr operation. The cost per kilogram of silicon varies with the annual tonnage produced. On increasing the annual production to 3000 MT /yr, the cost was calculated to be $5.30/kg, while for a 5000 MT /yr operation, the cost of silicon production dropped to $5.00/kg. The yield of acceptable product silicon from the silicon produced was assumed to be 80%. By-product credit was obtained by converting the fluorides of sodium and hydrofluoric acid to marketable cryolite (Na3AlF6). These calculations also include the cost of environmental treatment and disposal for the waste effluents.
Materials for Solar Cell Technologies I
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Materials Research Forum LLC
Published: 2021-01-20
Total Pages: 268
ISBN-13: 1644901099
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The book reviews recent research and new trends in the area of solar cell materials. Topics include fabrication methods, solar cell design, energy efficiency and commercialization of next-generation materials. Special focus is placed on graphene and carbon nanomaterials, graphene in dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells and organic photovoltaic cells, as well as on transparent conducting electrode (TCE) materials, hollow nanostructured photoelectrodes, monocrystalline silicon solar cells (MSSC) and BHJ organic solar cells. Also discussed is the use of graphene, sulfides, and metal nanoparticle-based absorber materials. Keywords: Solar Cell, Graphene Nanomaterials, Carbon Nanomaterials, Graphene in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells, Perovskite Solar Cells, Organic Photovoltaic Cells, Transparent Conducting Electrode (TCE) Materials, Hollow Nanostructured Photoelectrodes, Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells (MSSC), BHJ Organic Solar Cells, Electrochemical Sensing, Low Band-Gap Materials, Absorber Materials for Solar Cells.
Novel Duplex Vapor-electrochemical Method for Silicon Solar Cells
Novel Duplex Vapor-electrochemical Method for Silicon Solar Cells
Novel Duplex Vapor-electrochemical Method for Silicon Solar Cells ... by Vijay Kapur and L. Nanis
Electrochemical Contact Separation for PVD Aluminum Back Contact Solar Cells
Author: Mathias Kamp
Publisher:
Published: 2015
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Abstract: This work deals with a possibility to simplify the processing of back-contact back-junction solar cells. A novel metallization process without using any additional mask is presented. The main focus is set on the contact separation resulting in the interdigitated metal pattern. In case of using evaporated aluminum as contacting material to silicon, aluminum anodizing is a convenient process to convert electrically conductive aluminum to electrically isolating aluminum oxide. In the established processes in which anodizing of aluminum is used for aluminum structuring, masks are used to achieve local anodized areas. In order to make the contact separation process by anodizing more economic, several in-situ anodizing processes either using structured processing units or printing techniques are developed and tested. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd
