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Efficient Dynamic Simulation of Robotic Mechanisms

Author: Kathryn Lilly

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 144

ISBN-13: 1461531241

Efficient Dynamic Simulation of Robotic Mechanisms presents computationally efficient algorithms for the dynamic simulation of closed-chain robotic systems. In particular, the simulation of single closed chains and simple closed-chain mechanisms is investigated in detail. Single closed chains are common in many applications, including industrial assembly operations, hazardous remediation, and space exploration. Simple closed-chain mechanisms include such familiar configurations as multiple manipulators moving a common load, dexterous hands, and multi-legged vehicles. The efficient dynamics simulation of these systems is often required for testing an advanced control scheme prior to its implementation, to aid a human operator during remote teleoperation, or to improve system performance. In conjunction with the dynamic simulation algorithms, efficient algorithms are also derived for the computation of the joint space and operational space inertia matrices of a manipulator. The manipulator inertia matrix is a significant component of any robot dynamics formulation and plays an important role in both simulation and control. The efficient computation of the inertia matrix is highly desirable for real-time implementation of robot dynamics algorithms. Several alternate formulations are provided for each inertia matrix. Computational efficiency in the algorithm is achieved by several means, including the development of recursive formulations and the use of efficient spatial transformations and mathematics. All algorithms are derived and presented in a convenient tabular format using a modified form of spatial notation, a six-dimensional vector notation which greatly simplifies the presentation and analysis of multibody dynamics. Basic definitions and fundamental principles required to use and understand this notation are provided. The implementation of the efficient spatial transformations is also discussed in some detail. As a means of evaluating efficiency, the number of scalar operations (multiplications and additions) required for each algorithm is tabulated after its derivation. Specification of the computational complexity of each algorithm in this manner makes comparison with other algorithms both easy and convenient. The algorithms presented in Efficient Dynamic Simulation of Robotic Mechanisms are among the most efficient robot dynamics algorithms available at this time. In addition to computational efficiency, special emphasis is also placed on retaining as much physical insight as possible during algorithm derivation. The algorithms are easy to follow and understand, whether the reader is a robotics novice or a seasoned specialist.

Robot Dynamics Algorithms

Author: Roy Featherstone

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2007-10-16

Total Pages: 214

ISBN-13: 0387743154

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The purpose of this book is to present computationally efficient algorithms for calculating the dynamics of robot mechanisms represented as systems of rigid bodies. The efficiency is achieved by the use of recursive formulations of the equations of motion, i.e. formulations in which the equations of motion are expressed implicitly in terms of recurrence relations between the quantities describing the system. The use of recursive formulations in dynamics is fairly new, 50 the principles of their operation and reasons for their efficiency are explained. Three main algorithms are described: the recursIve Newton-Euler formulation for inverse dynamics (the calculation of the forces given the accelerations), and the composite-rigid-body and articulated-body methods for forward dynamics (the calculation of the accelerations given the forces). These algorithms are initially described in terms of an un-branched, open loop kinematic chain -- a typical serial robot mechanism. This is done to keep the descriptions of the algorithms simple, and is in line with descriptions appearing in the literature. Once the basic algorithms have been introduced, the restrictions on the mechanism are lifted and the algorithms are extended to cope with kinematic trees and loops, and general constraints at the joints. The problem of simulating the effect of contact between a robot and its environment is also considered. Some consideration is given to the details and practical problems of implementing these algori?hms on a computer.

Modeling and Control for Efficient Bipedal Walking Robots

Author: Vincent Duindam

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-01-17

Total Pages: 219

ISBN-13: 3540899170

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By the dawn of the new millennium, robotics has undergone a major tra- formation in scope and dimensions. This expansion has been brought about bythematurityofthe?eldandtheadvancesinitsrelatedtechnologies.From a largely dominant industrial focus, robotics has been rapidly expanding into the challenges of the human world. The new generation of robots is expected to safely and dependably co-habitat with humans in homes, workplaces, and communities,providingsupportinservices,entertainment,education,heal- care, manufacturing, and assistance. Beyond its impact on physical robots, the body of knowledge robotics has produced is revealing a much wider range of applications reaching across - verse researchareas and scienti?c disciplines, such as: biomechanics, haptics, neurosciences, virtual simulation, animation, surgery, and sensor networks among others. In return, the challenges of the new emerging areas are pr- ing an abundant source of stimulation and insights for the ?eld of robotics. It is indeed at the intersection of disciplines that the most striking advances happen. The goal of the series of Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics (STAR) is to bring, in a timely fashion, the latest advances and developments in robotics on the basis of their signi?cance and quality. It is our hope that the wider dissemination of research developments will stimulate more exchanges and collaborations among the research community and contribute to further advancement of this rapidly growing ?eld.

Robot Motion

Author: Michael Brady

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1982

Total Pages: 618

ISBN-13: 9780262021821

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Dynamics; Feedback control; Trajectory planning; Compliance; Task planning.

Modelling and Simulation of Robot Manipulators

Author: Albert Y. Zomaya

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 326

ISBN-13: 9789810210434

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This book aims to describe how parallel computer architectures can be used to enhance the performance of robots, and their great impact on future generations of robots. It provides an in-depth, consistent and rigorous treatment of the topic. A clear definition of tools with results is given which can be applied to parallel processing for robot kinematics and dynamics. Another advantageous feature is that the algorithms presented have been implemented using a parallel processing system, unlike many publications in the field which have presented results in only theoretical terms. This book also includes ?benchmark? results that can be used for the development of future work, or can serve as a basis for comparison with other work. In addition, it surveys useful material to aid readers in pursuing further research.

Robot and Multibody Dynamics

Author: Abhinandan Jain

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-12-17

Total Pages: 512

ISBN-13: 1441972676

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Robot and Multibody Dynamics: Analysis and Algorithms provides a comprehensive and detailed exposition of a new mathematical approach, referred to as the Spatial Operator Algebra (SOA), for studying the dynamics of articulated multibody systems. The approach is useful in a wide range of applications including robotics, aerospace systems, articulated mechanisms, bio-mechanics and molecular dynamics simulation. The book also: treats algorithms for simulation, including an analysis of complexity of the algorithms, describes one universal, robust, and analytically sound approach to formulating the equations that govern the motion of complex multi-body systems, covers a range of more advanced topics including under-actuated systems, flexible systems, linearization, diagonalized dynamics and space manipulators. Robot and Multibody Dynamics: Analysis and Algorithms will be a valuable resource for researchers and engineers looking for new mathematical approaches to finding engineering solutions in robotics and dynamics.

Dynamics of Rigid-Flexible Robots and Multibody Systems

Author: Paramanand Vivekanand Nandihal

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-11-28

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 9811627983

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This book discusses the dynamic analysis of rigid-flexible robots and multibody systems with serial as well as closed-loop architecture. The book presents a formulation of dynamic model of rigid-flexible robots based on the unique approach of de-coupling of natural orthogonal complements of velocity constraints. Based on this formulation, a computationally efficient and numerically stable forward dynamics algorithms for serial-chain and closed-loop robotic systems with rigid or flexible or rigid-flexible links is presented. The proposed algorithm is shown to be a numerically efficient for forward dynamics based on the investigation methodologies built on eigen value analytics. Precision and functionality of the simulation algorithms is presented/illustrated with application on different serial and closed-loop systems (both planar and spatial types). Some of the major robotic arms used to illustrate the proposed dynamic formulation and simulation algorithms are PUMA robot, Stanford robot arm, and Canadarm. It is envisaged that the book will be useful for researchers working on the development of rigid-flexible robots for use in defense, space, atomic energy, ocean exploration, and the manufacturing of biomedical equipment.

Dynamics and Control of Robotic Manipulators with Contact and Friction

Author: Shiping Liu

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-02-11

Total Pages: 266

ISBN-13: 1119422485

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A comprehensive guide to the friction, contact and impact on robot control and force feedback mechanism Dynamics and Control of Robotic Manipulators with Contact and Friction offers an authoritative guide to the basic principles of robot dynamics and control with a focus on contact and friction. The authors discuss problems in interaction between human and real or virtual robot where dynamics with friction and contact are relevant. The book fills a void in the literature with a need for a text that considers the contact and friction generated in robot joints during their movements. Designed as a practical resource, the text provides the information needed for task planning in view of contact, impact and friction for the designer of a robot control system for high accuracy and long durability. The authors include a review of the most up-to-date advancements in robot dynamics and control. It contains a comprehensive resource to the effective design and fabrication of robot systems and components for engineering and scientific purposes. This important guide: Offers a comprehensive reference with systematic treatment and a unified framework Includes simulation and experiments used in dynamics and control of robot considering contact, impact and friction Discusses the most current tribology methodology used to treat the multiple–scale effects Contains valuable descriptions of experiments and software used Presents illustrative accounts on the methods employed to handle friction in the closed loop, including the principles, implementation, application scope, merits and demerits Offers a cohesive treatment that covers tribology and multi-scales, multi-physics and nonlinear stochastic dynamics control Written for graduate students of robotics, mechatronics, mechanical engineering, tracking control and practicing professionals and industrial researchers, Dynamics and Control of Robotic Manipulators with Contact and Friction offers a review to effective design and fabrication of stable and durable robot system and components.

The Near-minimum-time Control of Open-loop Articulated Kinematic Chains

Author: Michael Edwin Kahn

Publisher:

Published: 1969

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13:

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The time-optimal control of a system of rigid bodies connected in series by single-degree-of-freedom joints is studied. The dynamical equations of the system are highly nonlinear and a closed-form representation of the minimum-time feedback control is not possible. However, a suboptimal feedback control which provides a close approximation to the optimal control is developed. The suboptimal control is expressed in terms of switching curves for each of the system controls. These curves are obtained from the linearized equations of motion for the system. Approximations are made for the effects of gravity loads and angular velocity terms in the nonlinear equations of motion. Digital simulation is used to obtain a comparison of response of the optimal and suboptimal controls. The speed of response of the suboptimal control is found to compare quite favorably with the response speed of the optimal control. The analysis is applied to the control of three joints of a mechanical manipulator. Modifications of the suboptimal control for use in a sampled-data system are shown to result in good performance of a hydraulic manipulator under computer control. (Author).

Springer Handbook of Robotics

Author: Bruno Siciliano

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-07-27

Total Pages: 2259

ISBN-13: 3319325523

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The second edition of this handbook provides a state-of-the-art overview on the various aspects in the rapidly developing field of robotics. Reaching for the human frontier, robotics is vigorously engaged in the growing challenges of new emerging domains. Interacting, exploring, and working with humans, the new generation of robots will increasingly touch people and their lives. The credible prospect of practical robots among humans is the result of the scientific endeavour of a half a century of robotic developments that established robotics as a modern scientific discipline. The ongoing vibrant expansion and strong growth of the field during the last decade has fueled this second edition of the Springer Handbook of Robotics. The first edition of the handbook soon became a landmark in robotics publishing and won the American Association of Publishers PROSE Award for Excellence in Physical Sciences & Mathematics as well as the organization’s Award for Engineering & Technology. The second edition of the handbook, edited by two internationally renowned scientists with the support of an outstanding team of seven part editors and more than 200 authors, continues to be an authoritative reference for robotics researchers, newcomers to the field, and scholars from related disciplines. The contents have been restructured to achieve four main objectives: the enlargement of foundational topics for robotics, the enlightenment of design of various types of robotic systems, the extension of the treatment on robots moving in the environment, and the enrichment of advanced robotics applications. Further to an extensive update, fifteen new chapters have been introduced on emerging topics, and a new generation of authors have joined the handbook’s team. A novel addition to the second edition is a comprehensive collection of multimedia references to more than 700 videos, which bring valuable insight into the contents. The videos can be viewed directly augmented into the text with a smartphone or tablet using a unique and specially designed app. Springer Handbook of Robotics Multimedia Extension Portal: http://handbookofrobotics.org/