Efficiency Enhanced DC-DC Converter Using Dynamic Inductor Control

Efficiency Enhanced DC-DC Converter Using Dynamic Inductor Control PDF

Author: Omar Abu Mohareb

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-01-25

Total Pages: 130

ISBN-13: 3658251476

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Omar Abu Mohareb proposes a novel dynamic inductor control (DIC) that can be generally applied to various DC‐DC converter types. The aim is to improve the converter efficiency throughout controlling the inductance value at all operating points without consequential complexity or increase in the inductor cost and size. The dynamic inductor control implies the maximum energy transfer (MET) concept to improve the DC‐DC converter efficiency and preserve a fast system dynamics against load changes at the same time. About the Author: Omar Abu Mohareb has earned his doctoral degree in Automotive Mechatronics Engineering from University of Stuttgart. He is now active in electromobility field and its efficient and smart infrastructure concepts. He has also earned his first patent on the proposed dynamic inductor control (DIC) concept.

Entire Load Efficiency and Dynamic Performance Improvements for DC-DC Converters

Entire Load Efficiency and Dynamic Performance Improvements for DC-DC Converters PDF

Author: Osama A. Abdel-Rahman

Publisher:

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 9781109949773

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Demands for DC-DC converters are continuously increasing for the application in many areas such as telecommunications, cellular telephones, networking products, notebook and desktop computers, industrial instrumentation, and automotive electronics. These areas are continually being upgraded with regard to their specifications and power requirements; this puts the emphasis on power electronics and power management. DC-DC converters are able to supply energy at high standards and specifications, which leads DC-DC converters to be continually upgraded in order to fulfill other application requirements such as efficiency, dynamic performance, thermo, noise and size.

Dynamic Analysis of Switching-Mode DC/DC Converters

Dynamic Analysis of Switching-Mode DC/DC Converters PDF

Author: Andre Kislovski

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 409

ISBN-13: 9401178496

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The most critical part of the modern switching-mode power supply is the regulated dc/dc converter. Its dynamic behavior directly determines or influences four of the important characteristics of the power supply: • Stability of the feedback loop • Rejection of input-voltage ripple and the closely-related transient re sponse to input-voltage perturbation • Output impedance and the closely-related transient response to load perturbation • Compatibility with the input EMI filter Due to the complexity of the operation of the converter, predicting its dynamic behavior has not been easy. Without accurate prediction, and depending only on building the circuit and tinkering with it until the operation is satisfactory, the engineering cost can easily escalate and schedules can be missed. The situation is not much better when the circuit is built in the computer, using a general-purpose circuit-simulation program such as SPICE. (At the end of this book is a form for obtaining information on a computer program especially well suited for dynamic analysis of switching-mode power converters: DYANA, an acronym for "DYnamic ANAlysis. " DYANA is based on the method given in this book. ) The main goal of this book is to help the power-supply designer in the prediction of the dynamic behavior by providing user-friendly analytical tools, concrete results of already-made analyses, tabulated for easy application by the reader, and examples of how to apply the tools provided in the book.

Dynamic Optimization for Dual-active-bridge-based DC-DC Converter Systems

Dynamic Optimization for Dual-active-bridge-based DC-DC Converter Systems PDF

Author: Nie Hou

Publisher:

Published: 2022

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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With the development of renewable energies, such as wind energy and solar energy, the dc power system becomes a promising candidate to manage and transfer the re-newable energy source, which stimulates the study of the dc-dc converters in the past decades. Among various dc-dc converters, the dual-active-bridge (DAB) dc-dc con-verter is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the dc power conver-sion due to merits like isolated, high-efficiency, bidirectional, and ultrafast dynamic characteristics. Except the DAB dc-dc converter, there are some other isolated dc-dc converters such as full bridge dc-dc converter, three-phase DAB dc-dc converter, etc. They normally have similar dynamic characteristics as the DAB dc-dc converter featuring intermediary inductive ac-link (I2ACL) configuration. However, they are rarely investigated in existing literature, especially for better dynamic control performance. To fill such a gap, the dynamic equivalence between the DAB dc-dc converter and other I2ACL isolated dc-dc converters is revealed with the thorough overview of the existing I2ACL topologies in this work. Further, a unified fast-dynamic direct-current control scheme is proposed for significantly improving the dynamic performance of these I2ACL isolated dc-dc converters. With this predetermined analysis, the dynamic control schemes for the DAB-based dc-dc converter systems can be easily extended to other I2ACL converters with the same configurations. The single DAB dc-dc converter has been extensively investigated, but its modular-ized converter systems such as input-parallel output-parallel (IPOP), input-independent output-parallel (IIOP), in-put-parallel output-series (IPOS), and input-series output-parallel (ISOP) configurations have been seldomly covered in the existing research. Particularly, it is emergent to improve the dynamics, e.g. the input-voltage disturbance, the load-condition change and the power sharing disturbance. In this work, the advanced dynamic controls for these modular DAB dc-dc converter systems are proposed, featuring the flexible power sharing control performances with fast-dynamic responses. Moreover, to realize the reliable operation of these DAB-based systems, the hot swap operations are presented. To ensure the desired power sharing performance, the circuit-parameter estimating methods are proposed for these DAB-based converter systems. This work expands scope of the application of the DAB-based converter system in the partial power processing (PPP). Different from the existing literatures focusing on embedding renewable energy source into the strong ac system, this work proposes a PPP converter system, which can realize the independent control of the renewable energy source and the stabilization of the total dc bus. Combining with DAB module, the DAB-based PPP converter system is proposed. Then, as one of the important functions, the stabilization of the total dc bus should be further improved for this DAB-based converter system. In detail, a high-robustness control strategy is proposed to realize the fast-dynamic control, and the operation when one renewable energy source is out of work is also presented. Notably, the renewable energy should feature the current output and the limited output-voltage regulation such as PV, fuel cell and wind turbine with ac-dc conversion. By using the PV as an example, the effectiveness of the novel system is verified with following results: 1). The maximum power point tracking of the PV panels can be realized by using the existing method. 2). By using the proposed high-robustness control scheme, the total dc-link voltage can maintain at its desired value when the irradiance of PV panels, the voltage of the battery and the load condition are changed, and even when the PV panel is heavily shaded.

On the perspectives of SiC MOSFETs in high-frequency and high-power isolated DC/DC converters

On the perspectives of SiC MOSFETs in high-frequency and high-power isolated DC/DC converters PDF

Author: Eial Awwad, Abdullah

Publisher: Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin

Published: 2020-08-11

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13: 3798330964

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Increasing demand for efficiency and power density pushes Si-based devices to some of their inherent material limits, including those related to temperature operation, switching frequency, and blocking voltage. Recently, SiC-based power devices are promising candidates for high-power and high-frequency switching applications. Today, SiC MOSFETs are commercially available from several manufacturers. Although technology affiliated with SiC MOSFETs is improving rapidly, many challenges remain, and some of them are investigated in this work. The research work in this dissertation is divided into the three following parts. Firstly, the static and switching characteristics of the state-of-the-art 1.2 kV planar and double-trench SiC MOSFETs from two different manufacturers are evaluated. The effects of different biasing voltages, DC link voltages, and temperatures are analysed. The characterisation results show that the devices exhibit superior switching performances under different operating conditions. Moreover, several aspects of using the SiC MOSFET’s body diode in a DC/DC converter are investigated, comparing the body-diodes of planar and double-trench devices. Reverse recovery is evaluated in switching tests considering the case temperature, switching rate, forward current, and applied voltage. Based on the measurement results, the junction temperature is estimated to guarantee safe operation. A simple electro-thermal model is proposed in order to estimate the maximum allowed switching frequency based on the thermal design of the SiC devices. Using these results, hard- and soft-switching converters are designed, and devices are characterised as being in continuous operation at a very high switching frequency of 1 MHz. Thereafter, the SiC MOSFETs are operated in a continuous mode in a 10 kW / 100-250 kHz buck converter, comparing synchronous rectification, the use of the body diode, and the use of an external Schottky diode. Further, the parallel operation of the planar devices is considered. Thus, the paralleling of SiC MOSFETs is investigated before comparing the devices in continuous converter operation. In this regard, the impact of the most common mismatch parameters on the static and dynamic current sharing of the transistors is evaluated, showing that paralleling of SiC MOSFETs is feasible. Subsequently, an analytical model of SiC MOSFETs for switching loss optimisation is proposed. The analytical model exhibits relatively close agreement with measurement results under different test conditions. The proposed model tracks the oscillation effectively during both turn-on and –off transitions. This has been achieved by considering the influence of the most crucial parasitic elements in both power and gate loops. In the second part, a comprehensive short-circuit ruggedness evaluation focusing on different failure modes of the planar and double-trench SiC devices is presented. The effects of different biasing voltages, DC link voltages, and gate resistances are evaluated. Additionally, the temperature-dependence of the short-circuit capability is evaluated, and the associated failure modes are analysed. Subsequently, the design and test of two different methods for overcurrent protection are proposed. The desaturation technique is applied to the SiC MOSFETs and compared to a second method that depends on the stray inductance of the devices. Finally, the benefits of using SiC devices in continuous high-frequency, high-power DC/DC converters is experimentally evaluated. In this regard, a design optimisation of a high-frequency transformer is introduced, and the impact of different core materials, conductor designs, and winding arrangements are evaluated. A ZVZCS Phase-Shift Full-Bridge unidirectional DC/DC converter is proposed, using only the parasitic leakage inductance of the transformer. Experimental results for a 10 kW, (100-250) kHz prototype indicate an efficiency of up to 98.1% for the whole converter. Furthermore, an optimized control method is proposed to minimise the circulation current in the isolated bidirectional dual active bridge DC/DC converter, based on a modified dual-phase-shift control method. This control method is also experimentally compared with traditional single-phase shift control, yielding a significant improvement in efficiency. The experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis and show that the proposed control can enhance the overall converter efficiency and expand the ZVZCS range. Die steigende Nachfrage nach Effizienz und Leistungsdichte bringt Si-basierte eistungsbauteile an einige inhärente Materialgrenzen, die unter anderem mit der Temperaturbelastung, der Schaltfrequenz und der Blockierspannung in Zusammenhang stehen. In jüngster Zeit sind SiC-basierte Leistungsbauelemente vielversprechende Kandidaten für Hochleistungs- und Hochfrequenzanwendungen. Aktuell sind SiC-MOSFETs von mehreren Herstellern im Handel erhältlich. Obwohl sich die Technologie der SiC-MOSFETs rasch verbessert, werden viele Herausforderungen bestehen bleiben. Einige dieser Herausforderungen werden in dieser Arbeit untersucht. Die Untersuchungen in dieser Dissertation gliedern sich in die drei folgenden Teile: Im ersten Teil erfolgt, die statische und die transiente Charakterisierung der aktuellen 1,2 kV Planarund Doubletrench SiC-MOSFETs verschiedener Hersteller. Die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Gatespannungen, Zwischenkreisspannungen und Temperaturen werden analysiert. Die Ergebnisse der Charakterisierung zeigen, dass die Bauteile überlegene Schaltleistungen unter verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen aufweisen. Darüber hinaus wird der Einsatz der internen SiC-Bodydioden in einem DC/DC-Wandler untersucht, wobei die Unterschiede zwischen Planar- und Doppeltrench-Bauteilen aufgezeigt werden. Das Reverse-Recovery-Verhalten wird unter Berücksichtigung der Gehäusetemperatur, der Schaltgeschwindigkeit, des Durchlassstroms und der angelegten Spannung bewertet. Anhand der Messergebnisse wird die Sperrschichttemperatur geschätzt, damit ein sicherer Betrieb gewährleistet ist. Ein einfaches elektrothermisches Modell wird vorgestellt, um die maximal zulässige Schaltfrequenz auf der Grundlage des thermischen Designs der SiC-Bauteile abzuschätzen. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse werden hart- und weichschaltende Umrichter konzipiert und die Bauteile werden im Dauerbetrieb mit einer sehr hohen Schaltfrequenz von 1 MHz untersucht. Danach werden die SiC-MOSFETs im Dauerbetrieb in einem 10 kW / 100-250 kHz-Tiefsetzsteller betrieben. Dabei wird die Synchrongleichrichtung, die Verwendung der internen Diode und die Verwendung einer externen Schottky-Diode verglichen. Außerdem wird die Parallelisierung von SiC-MOSFETs untersucht, bevor die Parallelschaltung der verschiedenen Bauelemente ebenso im kontinuierlichen Konverterbetrieb verglichen wird. Es wird der Einfluss der häufigsten Parametervariationen auf die statische und dynamische Stromaufteilung der Transistoren analysiert, was zeigt, dass eine Parallelisierung von SiC-MOSFETs möglich ist. Anschließend wird ein analytisches Modell der SiC-MOSFETs zur Schaltverlustoptimierung vorgeschlagen. Das analytische Modell zeigt eine relativ enge Übereinstimmung mit den Messergebnissen unter verschiedenen Testbedingungen. Das vorgeschlagene Modell bildet die Schwingungen sowohl beim Ein- als auch beim Ausschalten effektiv nach. Dies wurde durch die Berücksichtigung der wichtigsten parasitären Elemente in Strom- und Gatekreisen erreicht. Im zweiten Teil wird eine umfassende Bewertung der Kurzschlussfestigkeit mit Fokus auf verschiedene Ausfallmodi der planaren und double-trench SiC-Bauelemente vorgestellt. Die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Gatespannungen, Zwischenkreisspannungen und Gate-Widerstände werden ausgewertet. Zusätzlich wird die temperaturabhängige Kurzschlussfähigkeit ausgewertet und die zugehörigen Fehlerfälle werden analysiert. Anschließend wird die Auslegung und Prüfung von zwei verschiedenen Verfahren zum Überstromschutz evaluiert. Die „Desaturation“-Technik wird auf SiC-MOSFETs angewendet und mit einer zweiten Methode verglichen, welche die parasitäre Induktivität der Bauelemente nutzt. Schließlich wird der Nutzen des Einsatzes von SiC-Bauteilen in kontinuierlichen Hochfrequenz-Hochleistungs-DC/DC-Wandlern experimentell untersucht. In diesem Zusammenhang wird eine Designoptimierung eines Hochfrequenztransformators vorgestellt und der Einfluss verschiedener Kernmaterialien, Leiterausführungen und Wicklungsanordnungen wird bewertet. Es wird ein unidirektionaler ZVZCS Vollbrücken-DC/DC-Wandler vorgestellt, der nur die parasitäre Streuinduktivität des Transformators verwendet. Experimentelle Ergebnisse für einen 10 kW, (100-250) kHz Prototyp zeigen einenWirkungsgrad von bis zu 98,1% für den gesamten Umrichter. Abschließend wird ein optimiertes Regelverfahren verwendet, welches auf einem modifizierten Dual-Phase-Shift-Regelverfahren basiert, um den Kreisstrom im isolierten bidirektionalen Dual-Aktiv-Brücken-DC/DC-Wandler zu minimieren. Diese Regelmethode wird experimentell mit der herkömmlichen Single-Phase-Shift-Regelung verglichen. Hierbei zeigt sich eine deutliche Effizienzsteigerung durch die neue Regelmethode. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse bestätigen die theoretische Analyse und zeigen, dass die vorgeschlagene Regelung den Gesamtwirkungsgrad des Umrichters erhöhen und den ZVZCS-Bereich erweitern kann.

Dynamics and Control of DC-DC Converters

Dynamics and Control of DC-DC Converters PDF

Author: Farzin Asadi

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-05-31

Total Pages: 229

ISBN-13: 3031025024

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DC-DC converters have many applications in the modern world. They provide the required power to the communication backbones, they are used in digital devices like laptops and cell phones, and they have widespread applications in electric cars, to just name a few. DC-DC converters require negative feedback to provide a suitable output voltage or current for the load. Obtaining a stable output voltage or current in presence of disturbances such as: input voltage changes and/or output load changes seems impossible without some form of control. This book tries to train the art of controller design for DC-DC converters. Chapter 1 introduces the DC-DC converters briefly. It is assumed that the reader has the basic knowledge of DC-DC converter (i.e., a basic course in power electronics). The reader learns the disadvantages of open loop control in Chapter 2. Simulation of DC-DC converters with the aid of Simulink® is discussed in this chapter as well. Extracting the dynamic models of DC-DC converters is studied in Chapter 3. We show how MATLAB® and a software named KUCA can be used to do the cumbersome and error-prone process of modeling automatically. Obtaining the transfer functions using PSIM® is studied as well. These days, softwares are an integral part of engineering sciences. Control engineering is not an exception by any means. Keeping this in mind, we design the controllers using MATLAB® in Chapter 4. Finally, references are provided at the end of each chapter to suggest more information for an interested reader. The intended audiencies for this book are practice engineers and academians.

Improving the Efficiency of DC-DC Converters by Selecting an Appropriate Inductor Current

Improving the Efficiency of DC-DC Converters by Selecting an Appropriate Inductor Current PDF

Author: David López Salvadó

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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[ENGLISH] The main goal of this project is to find an optimal current flowing through the DC-DC converter's inductor during the energy transfer from the voltage source to the load. To do this, it has been proposed a circuit divided into two blocks: the first one is a DC-DC converter whose main function is to convert an input voltage into a higher output voltage and the second one is a comparator whose main function is to compare two different voltages to force the DC-DC converter working in PFM mode and more particular in burst mode. To find this optimal current, first of all we have to validate performing a circuit simulation with LTspice software and later design a PCB layout to test it. All tests consist in obtaining the behaviour of the DC-DC converter if certain critical values are modified such as the programmable resistance of the circuit to change the inductor's current, the input voltage to simulate the wear that could may have the batteries, the output voltage of the circuit to emulate the circuits that require a different supply to operate and finally the output current of the circuit that emulates the current that can consume several circuits connected to the output of the DC-DC converter. As manufacturer says, in light-load conditions, this DC-DC converter has a very poor efficiency of 40% approximately working in PWM mode but if we change to PFM mode, this efficiency will double. To improve more the efficiency, burst mode is used and this efficiency will increase to 86% producing an enhancement of the efficiency between burst PFM mode and PWM of 49%.

Design and Implementation of Fully-Integrated Inductive DC-DC Converters in Standard CMOS

Design and Implementation of Fully-Integrated Inductive DC-DC Converters in Standard CMOS PDF

Author: Mike Wens

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-05-10

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 940071436X

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CMOS DC-DC Converters aims to provide a comprehensive dissertation on the matter of monolithic inductive Direct-Current to Direct-Current (DC-DC) converters. For this purpose seven chapters are defined which will allow the designer to gain specific knowledge on the design and implementation of monolithic inductive DC-DC converters, starting from the very basics.

Pulse-Width Modulated DC-DC Power Converters

Pulse-Width Modulated DC-DC Power Converters PDF

Author: Marian K. Kazimierczuk

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2015-08-13

Total Pages: 960

ISBN-13: 1119009561

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PWM DC-DC power converter technology underpins many energy conversion systems including renewable energy circuits, active power factor correctors, battery chargers, portable devices and LED drivers. Following the success of Pulse-Width Modulated DC-DC Power Converters this second edition has been thoroughly revised and expanded to cover the latest challenges and advances in the field. Key features of 2nd edition: Four new chapters, detailing the latest advances in power conversion, focus on: small-signal model and dynamic characteristics of the buck converter in continuous conduction mode; voltage-mode control of buck converter; small-signal model and characteristics of the boost converter in the discontinuous conduction mode and electromagnetic compatibility EMC. Provides readers with a solid understanding of the principles of operation, synthesis, analysis and design of PWM power converters and semiconductor power devices, including wide band-gap power devices (SiC and GaN). Fully revised Solutions for all end-of-chapter problems available to instructors via the book companion website. Step-by-step derivation of closed-form design equations with illustrations. Fully revised figures based on real data. With improved end-of-chapter summaries of key concepts, review questions, problems and answers, biographies and case studies, this is an essential textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students in electrical engineering. Its superior readability and clarity of explanations also makes it a key reference for practicing engineers and research scientists.

Advanced DC-DC Power Converters and Switching Converters

Advanced DC-DC Power Converters and Switching Converters PDF

Author: Salvatore Musumeci

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2021-03-30

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13: 303650446X

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Nowadays, power electronics is an enabling technology in the energy development scenario. Furthermore, power electronics is strictly linked with several fields of technological growth, such as consumer electronics, IT and communications, electrical networks, utilities, industrial drives and robotics, and transportation and automotive sectors. Moreover, the widespread use of power electronics enables cost savings and minimization of losses in several technology applications required for sustainable economic growth. The topologies of DC–DC power converters and switching converters are under continuous development and deserve special attention to highlight the advantages and disadvantages for use increasingly oriented towards green and sustainable development. DC–DC converter topologies are developed in consideration of higher efficiency, reliable control switching strategies, and fault-tolerant configurations. Several types of switching converter topologies are involved in isolated DC–DC converter and nonisolated DC–DC converter solutions operating in hard-switching and soft-switching conditions. Switching converters have applications in a broad range of areas in both low and high power densities. The articles presented in the Special Issue titled "Advanced DC-DC Power Converters and Switching Converters" consolidate the work on the investigation of the switching converter topology considering the technological advances offered by innovative wide-bandgap devices and performance optimization methods in control strategies used.