Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality

Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality PDF

Author: Terry J Logan

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-01-18

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 1351088521

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Nowadays the environmental sustainability of the cropping systems is increasingly requested by the consumers. Conventional tillage practices, totally turning over the soil between the vineyard rows, may cause erosion due to rain as well as structure destruction of the soil in the long term. Conservation tillage is a soil management technique, poorly widespread in Sardinia, allowing cover cropping between vineyard rows. Furthermore, this technique makes the canopy development control of herbage possible by cutting it up during specific phenological phases. Conservation tillage usually involves direct benefits to farmers such as increasing soil fertility as well as reductionof tillage costs, soil erosion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere. This long term trial, during at least five years aims to assess the conservation tillage impact on chemical-physical soil characteristics in comparison with traditional tillage by evaluating the change of organic matter, C.E.C. and availability of major plant nutrients in the soil and to estimate their probable rise. The field plots are located in a 35% slope condition vineyard, showing massive erosion problem and organic matter low content. A split/plot design with four replications was set up, with the comparison between conservation and traditional tillage apart as main plots. Moreover, the effects of two different irrigation levels were evaluated in the subplots of each main plot. At the beginning of the trial (2011) a pedological survey was made. Three soil profiles were described and sampled along the field slope and soil sampling in each plot were made both to characterize the soil and to find the zero point. The soil chemical and physical characteristics were monitored through a second soil sampling made at the end of 2013. Conservation tillage caused increasing organic matter content and C.E.C. values. As for major plant nutrients in soil, results were more uncertain. Grapevine yield and quality parameters did not show any negative effect when passing from conventional to conservation tillage techniques. The trial provided a preliminary positive evaluation of conservation tillage. However, more years are required to confirm this trend.

Conservation Tillage in U.S. Agriculture

Conservation Tillage in U.S. Agriculture PDF

Author: Noel Uri

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2021-05-30

Total Pages: 152

ISBN-13: 100044791X

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Discover farming techniques that will decrease soil erosion and costs! Soil erosion from U.S. croplands has long been recognized as a national problem. Conservation Tillage in U.S. Agriculture: Environmental, Economic, and Policy Issues is the first ever complete study of the costs and benefits of using conservation tillage to prevent soil erosion. Designed for professionals working in the areas of soil science, agronomy, economics, environmental studies, and agriculture, this complete study covers everything from machinery and trends in conservation tillage to its adoption to use in regions of the United States. With this in-depth manual, you will examine different types of tillage and the many benefits this practice can ensure, such as improving water quality, increasing organic matter in your soil, sequestering carbon, and providing habitat and food for wildlife. Covering the economic, environmental, and policy issues of this practice, Conservation Tillage in U.S. Agriculture features: the history of conservation tillage case studies on costs and benefits of differing conservation tillage practices with various crops tables and graphs of trends, and case studies concerning the use of different farming methods U.S. Department of Agriculture soil conservation policies how to prevent soil erosion without harming the environment factors affecting conservation tillage, adoption, and use for crops such as peanuts, potatoes, beets, tobacco, and vegetables. With the help of this book, you will measure the benefits and costs of conservation tillage based on profitability and environmental impact and explore the positive and negative environmental consequences that may involve air, land, water, and/or the health and ecological status of wildlife. Conservation Tillage in U.S. Agriculture is a timely and informative look at conservation tillage practices that will help you improve residue management and create better conditions for wildlife and the environment.

Surface and Groundwater Quality Impacts of Conservation Tillage Practices on Burley Tobacco Production Systems in Southwest Virginia

Surface and Groundwater Quality Impacts of Conservation Tillage Practices on Burley Tobacco Production Systems in Southwest Virginia PDF

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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This study measured sediment, nutrient and pesticide edge-of-field and deep percolation losses from conventional tillage (CT), strip tillage (ST), and no-till (NT) treatments in a burley tobacco production system. The field experiment results show that the CT treatment yielded more total runoff, 93.6 mm, than ST and NT. Compared to the CT treatment, ST reduced the total mass loss of NO3- by 37 percent, NH3 by 54 percent, PO43- by 12 percent, TP by 65 percent and TSS by 64 percent. The NT treatment reduced the total mass of NO3- by 49 percent, NH3 by 46 percent, PO43- by 17 percent, TP by 73 percent and TSS by 77 percent. Field experiment results showed that, respectively, the ST and NT treatments yielded 77 and 82 percent less chlorpyrifos, an insecticide, mass loss in runoff compared to CT. With respect to flumetralin loss, a growth inhibitor, the NT treatment yielded 30 percent less and ST yielded 6.8 percent more flumetralin mass, compared to CT. The percolated water results show that compared to the CT treatment, ST resulted in 33 percent less NH3, 7.5 percent less TKN, and 39 percent less PO43- total mass. The NT treatment yielded 41 percent less NH3 and 20 percent less TKN total mass loss compared to the CT treatment.

A Systems Approach to Conservation Tillage

A Systems Approach to Conservation Tillage PDF

Author: Frank M. D'Itri

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-05-04

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 1351087754

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This book describes concepts, value judgments and background information on the expanding conservation tillage practices in the United States and provides a technical appraisal of the state of the art. Still, much remains to be learned about the agronomic, agricultural engineering and environmental parameters; and it is hoped that the inormation herein presented will stimulate further research toward a more integrated apporach to conversation tillage practices.

Advances in Soil and Water Conservation

Advances in Soil and Water Conservation PDF

Author: Francis J. Pierce

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-04-24

Total Pages: 254

ISBN-13: 1351468170

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Advances in Soil and Water Conservation provides an in-depth, scholarly treatment of the most important developments and influences shaping soil and water conservation in the last 50 years. The book addresses the technological developments of erosion processes, methods for their control, policy and social forces shaping the research agenda, and future directions. Topics covered include: key governmental agencies and programs research on processes of soil and water degradation control practices and soil quality enhancement conservation tillage the connection between soil and water conservation and sustainable agriculture effects of technology and social influences on soil and water conservation in this country The historical foundation, the focus on key developments, the depth of treatment and thorough documentation, and the orientation to the future make Advances in Soil and Water Conservation a superlative resource for all persons in the field.

Agriculture and the Environment

Agriculture and the Environment PDF

Author: Noel D. Uri

Publisher: Nova Publishers

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 294

ISBN-13: 9781594547065

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Agriculture in the United States is in the midst of a major transition motivated by economic and environmental factors. These include water quality and quantity, soil erosion, and the compatibility of agricultural production practices and the quality of the environment. Within the context of this change, US agricultural policy seeks to balance several objectives including an abundance of food and fibre at reasonable prices, economic security for agricultural producers, and conservation of natural resources. Agricultural chemical use and soil and water quality degradation associated with agricultural production are significant among the environmental problems confronting the United States. In fact, these are now perceived as environmental problems comparable to other environmental problems such as air quality deterioration and the release of toxic pollutants from industrial sources. While the growth of agricultural chemical use is an integral part of the technological revolution in agriculture that has generated major changes in production techniques, uncertainties about the health effects of agricultural chemicals are very important concerns. Severe soil degradation from erosion, compaction, or salinisation can destroy the productive capacity of the soil. It can also impair water quality from sediment and agricultural chemicals. This important new book looks at both of these significant issues - the relationship between agricultural chemical use and the environment and the relationship between soil and water quality degradation associated with agricultural production and the environment.

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