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Economics of AIDS and Access to HIV-AIDS Care in Developing Countries

Author: Jean-Paul Moatti

Publisher:

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 494

ISBN-13: 9782910143213

This book collects studies performed mainly with the support of the Agence Nationale de Recherche contre le Sida (French French National Agency of Research against AIDS). The purpose is to analyse the conditions to improve access to drugs against AIDS in developing countries, to urge on international agencies determinedly support patients treatment. The first part deals with the market of antiretrovirals and patents : How the prices drop taked place in 1998-2002, what were the debates about Intellectual Property Rights and WTO, what happened in countries as Brazil and Thailand? The second part deals with the impact of AIDS epidemic in the developing world and the role of therapeutic strategies to lower this impact. The book backs up the argument that the impact has been undersestimated and theses strategies are feasible.

The Political Economy of HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries

Author: Benjamin Coriat

Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing

Published: 2008-01-01

Total Pages: 347

ISBN-13: 1848444893

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The issue of universal and free access to treatment is now a fundamental goal of the international community. Based on original data and field studies from Brazil, Thailand, India and Sub-Saharan Africa under the aegis of ANRS (the French nationalagency for research on Aids and viral hepatitis, this timely and significant book both assesses the progress made in achieving this objective and presents a rigorous diagnosis of the obstacles that remain. Placing particular emphasis on the constraints imposed by TRIPS as well as the poor state of most public health systems in Southern countries, the contributing authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the huge barriers that have yet to be overcome in order to attain free access to care and offer innovative suggestions of how they might be confronted. In doing this, the book renews our understanding of the political economy of HIV/AIDS in these vast regions, where the disease continues to spread with devastating social and economic consequences. This volume will be a valuable addition to the current literature on HIV/AIDS in developing countries and will find widespread appeal amongst students and academics studying economics, sociology and public health. It will also be of interest to international organizations and professional associations involved in the fight against pandemics.

Global Lessons from the AIDS Pandemic

Author: Bradly J. Condon

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-07-22

Total Pages: 381

ISBN-13: 354078392X

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We began to research for this book in 2000, with the idea that we might contribute to the search for solutions to the global HIV/AIDS pandemic by c- bining perspectives from different disciplines. Much has happened in the interv- ing years. First, the severity of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa – and the threat it posed for many others regions of the world – led to a movement among several countries to correct the imbalance between producers and users of ph- maceutical products. This effort produced a clarification of the right of gove- ments to produce generic medicine under compulsory licenses and an amendment of the World Trade Organization’s TRIPS Agreement to allow exports of generic medicines from one WTO Member to another. In 2007, the amended rules were put into practice, with Canada authorizing the export of generic antiretroviral drugs to Rwanda. However, at the same time, global patent laws have been undermined due to regulatory capture, most notably in free trade agreements and through political pressure on countries like Thailand to not to exercise their right to issue compulsory licenses for pharmaceutical products. Second, the amount of money available for the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS has increased dramatically, with the establishment of the World Bank Multi-Country HIV/AIDS Program for Africa (MAP), the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), among other funding initiatives.

The Economics of Effective AIDS Treatment

Author:

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2006-01-01

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 0821367560

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HIV is the leading cause of premature death in Thailand. Since the first case of AIDS was reported in 1984 more than one million Thais have been infected. The social, human and economic costs of this burden are enormous. The Thai government has shown a strong commitment to providing care and support to persons living with HIV/AIDS by launching the National Access to Care Program (NAPHA) in 2003, which provides for publicly financed antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all HIV-infected people. This book documents through interviews how ART has radically changed the lives of those living with HIV. In the words of an HIV positive 29-year old man, ART is a "miracle." The book then develops an innovative analytical framework and uses it to show how the future sustainability and cost-effectiveness of this ambitious program depend critically on Thai government choices of AIDS treatment policy, HIV prevention policy and AIDS drug pricing. For the most likely assumptions, the book estimates that ART will save years of healthy life at a cost of between $700 and $2,400 per year. Successful AIDS treatment accumulates ever-increasing numbers of patients who need subsidized ART. Despite the magnitude of the resulting fiscal burden, the authors judge this expenditure to be a worthwhile public health investment for Thailand, However, they show that the future sustainability of the program will hinge critically on how well the government manages the quality of ART service delivery, on whether it is able to sustain its past successes in HIV prevention and on its negotiations with multinational pharmaceutical manufacturers on the prices of new AIDS drugs.

The Economics of the Global Response to HIV/AIDS

Author: Markus Haacker

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2016-09-01

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 0191084190

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The global response to HIV/AIDS has been a major aspect of global health and development policy over the last three decades. The book illustrates the devastating health impacts of the epidemic, with life expectancy in some countries falling to the lowest levels observed anywhere, and the remarkable success of the global HIV/AIDS response in reversing such extreme outcomes. Concerns about the implications of HIV/AIDS for economic development have played a role in motivating the global HIV/AIDS response. However, evidence on the impacts of HIV/AIDS on economic growth or poverty is weak, and the magnitude and relevance of such economic effects appears trivial compared to the consequences for life and health. Because of the success in extending access to treatment globally, HIV/AIDS has effectively transitioned into a chronic disease. This means that HIV/AIDS absorbs not only a substantial chunk of current global and national financial resources, but that these spending needs are projected to persist over decades. The costs of the HIV/AIDS response thus resemble a long-term financial liability, shaped by past and current policies. Relatedly, the calculus of cost-effectiveness of HIV/AIDS interventions has changed. People who become infected with HIV can now expect to not die because of AIDS; at the same time, each HIV infection results in medical needs and expenditures extending over decades. The book presents a framework for integrating these financial consequences and the transmission dynamics of HIV in the analysis of cost-effectiveness of HIV/AIDS interventions and in the design of HIV/AIDS programs.

HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa

Author: Michel Caraël

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-10-22

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 1402061722

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Forty years ago, the age-old battle against infectious diseases as a major threat to human health was believed close to being won. However, by the late twentieth century, the increase of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases was evident in both low and high income countries. About 30 new infectious diseases have been identified in the last 20 years. Among the "new" diseases, and most importantly, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic, with 40 million persons infected and 25 million deaths since its first description, presents one of the most significant health, societal and security challenges facing the global community. The interaction of HIV/AIDS with tuberculosis, malaria and bacterial infections have increased HIV-related morbidity and mortality, and in turn, the HIV pandemic has brought about devastating increases in tuberculosis. Understanding the population impact and the dynamics of infection diseases in the most affected region is critical to efforts to reduce the morbidity and mortality of such infections, and for decisions on where to use limited resources in the fight against infections. This book aims to contribute to these efforts by offering a demographic and epidemiological perspective on emerging and reemerging infections in sub-Saharan Africa.

The Macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS

Author: International Monetary Fund

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2004-11-19

Total Pages: 370

ISBN-13:

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This publication is a comprehensive resource for public policymakers addressing the economic and fiscal consequences of the crisis. It is intended to bridge the gap between studies focused on the epidemic's impact on specific sectors, such as health and education, on the one hand, and broad national analyses on the other. Topics include welfare issues and the effect of the epidemic on economic growth and investment; education and the accumulation of human capital; poverty and inequality; and public services, government finance, social security, and the health sector.--Publisher's description.

Confronting AIDS

Author: World Bank

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 396

ISBN-13: 9780195215915

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This revised and updated edition of the pathbreaking report on the global AIDS epidemic outlines the strategic role that government must play in slowing the spread of HIV and mitigating the impact of AIDS. Drawing on the knowledge accumulated in the 17 years since the virus that causes AIDS was first identified, the report highlights policies that are most likely to be effective in managing the epidemic. These include early actions to minimize the spread of the virus, aiming preventive interventions at high risk groups, and evaluating measures that would assist households affected by AIDS according to the same standards applied to other health issues. This revised edition will a valuable resource for public health, policymakers, researchers, and anyone with an interest in this devastating global health crisis.

Macroeconomics and Health

Author: Jeffrey Sachs

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2001-12

Total Pages: 213

ISBN-13: 924154550X

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Describes a strategy for investing in health for economic development, especially in the world's poorest countries. The report proposes a partnership of developing and developed countries, to save eight million lives yearly, in developing countries from infectious diseases and maternal conditions.

HIV/AIDS Treatment in Resource Poor Countries

Author: Yichen Lu

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-10-26

Total Pages: 115

ISBN-13: 1461445205

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The book focuses on HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment strategies in resource-poor settings. Contributors include HIV/AIDS researchers and public health administrators from the US, Africa, China, and Thailand. Several chapters, written by local health officials, take a close look at AIDS prevention and treatment in China at the community level. Other chapters cover issues of treatment scale-up, drug resistance, and mother-to-child transmission in Southern Africa and Thailand, and offer lessons learned for researchers in other developing countries. Overall the aim of this book is to bring some of the latest issues to the fore, and to foster exchange and collaboration between AIDS researchers in developing countries. This book grew out of an annual conference held in China and organized by the Harvard School of Public Health, and could possibly become the first volume of a series.