Economic Integration, Poverty and Regional Inequality in Brazil
Author: Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Filho
Publisher:
Published: 2004
Total Pages: 39
ISBN-13: 9780732615543
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Filho
Publisher:
Published: 2004
Total Pages: 39
ISBN-13: 9780732615543
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Maria Clara Couto Soares
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 2018-10-24
Total Pages: 238
ISBN-13: 1317560175
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This series of books brings together results of an extensive research programme on aspects of the national systems of innovation (NSI) in the five BRICS countries — Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It provides a comprehensive and comparative examination of the challenges and opportunities faced by these dynamic and emerging economies. In discussing the impact of innovation with respect to economic, geopolitical, socio-cultural, institutional, and technological systems, it reveals the possibilities of new development paradigms for equitable and sustainable growth. This volume analyses the co-evolution of inequality and NSI across the BRICS economies. It reveals the multi-dimensional character of inequality, in going beyond its income aspect to include assets, access to basic services, infrastructure, knowledge, race, gender, ethnicity and geographic location. In advancing valuable policy recommendations, the book argues that inequalities must be factored in development strategies given that benefits of innovation are not automatically distributed equally. Original and detailed data, together with expert analyses on wide-ranging issues, make this book an invaluable resource for researchers and scholars in economics, development studies and political science, in addition to policy-makers and development practitioners interested in the BRICS countries.
Author: Carlos Góes
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 2017-10-31
Total Pages: 34
ISBN-13: 1484324773
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →In this study, we document the decline in income inequality and a convergence in consumption patterns in Brazilian states in a new database constructed from micro data from the national households’ survey. We adjust the state-Gini coefficients for spatial price differences using information on households’ rental prices available in the survey. In a panel regression framework, we find that labor income growth, formalization, and schooling contributed to the decline in inequality during 2004-14, but redistributive policies, such as Bolsa Família, have also played a positive role. Going forward, it will be important to phase out untargeted subsidies, such as public spending on tertiary education, and contain growth of public sector wages, to improve budgetary efficiency and protect gains in equality.
Author: Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Filho
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2005
Total Pages: 51
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Abstract: This paper addresses the potential effects of the Doha round of trade negotiations on poverty and income distribution in Brazil, using an applied general equilibrium (AGE) and micro-simulation model of Brazil tailored for income distribution and poverty analysis. Of particular importance is the fact that the representative household hypothesis is replaced by a detailed representation of households. The model distinguishes 10 different labor types and has 270 different household expenditure patterns. Income can originate from 41 different production activities (which produce 52 commodities), located in 27 different regions in the country. The AGE model communicates to a micro-simulation model that has 112,055 Brazilian households and 263,938 adults. Poverty and income distribution indices are computed over the entire sample of households and persons, before and after the policy shocks. Model results show that even important trade policy shocks, such as those applied in this study, do not generate dramatic changes in the structure of poverty and income distribution in the Brazilian economy. The simulated effects on poverty and income distribution are positive, but rather small. The benefits are concentrated in the poorest households.
Author: Laura Jakobeit
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Published: 2011-02-22
Total Pages: 8
ISBN-13: 3640841042
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Social equality is essential for every country, not only as an end itself, but also as tool for promoting economic growth (Skidmore, 2004).Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the world, with a Gini Index of 0.567 in 2005 (CIA, 2010). Although this is still high and leaves Brazil the 10thmost unequal country out of 134, the inequalities are improving significantly (in 1998 the Index was 0.607). This essay will focus on two questions: What has caused the striking inequalities in Brazil? Why did these inequalities improvein the recent years?
Author: Estanislao Gacit©ða-Mari©?
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2008
Total Pages: 162
ISBN-13: 0821372203
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Brazil is a country of sharp disparities. The gap between the richest and the poorest citizens is one of the largest in the world. Inequality in Brazil is well-known, but its low mobility is not. Until now, few studies have sought to investigate how forms of social exclusion constrain socioeconomic mobility. Why do particular groups remain excluded and trapped in poverty for generations? What do Brazilians themselves think about income inequality and social mobility? This study explores these issues, provides a set of options to redress them, and promotes a national dialogue for action. In addi.
Author: Eduardo A. Haddad
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2018-10-26
Total Pages: 209
ISBN-13: 0429830580
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Published in 1999. The liberalization process in Latin America during the 1990s resulted in the increase and diversification of trade in the region. Brazil, as a major player, strengthened its insertion into the world economy through the adoption of strategies for opening up markets and of new production technologies; complemented more recently by the creation of a broadly based stabilization plan. In this context, issues related to structural changes in the economy, such as those involving the complexity of new international trading agreements and their impact on the Brazilian economy, warrant special attention. The results of this study suggest that the interplay of market forces in the Brazilian economy favour the more developed region of the country.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2004-01-01
Total Pages: 308
ISBN-13: 9780821358801
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →What makes Brazil so unequal? This title looks at this question and shows how inequalities weaken Brazil's economic development and what are the best policy options to reduce this inequity.
Author: Alexandre de Freitas Barbosa
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2017-11-08
Total Pages: 378
ISBN-13: 1108588875
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Inequality is a global concern, for its social and human consequences, and its impact on the pace and pattern of economic growth. In India and Brazil, this issue has received increasing attention in recent years. In Brazil, inequality grew until the 1980s, when it reached extreme levels, but has since been declining, especially during the first decade of the twenty-first century. In India, inequality showed little change up to the 1980s, but has since been rising. These differences result from a variety of economic, social and political factors, which are examined in depth in this comparative study. The book examines inequality in overall distributions of income and expenditure, and disparities across gender, region, caste, race, and access to education. It compares the experience of the two countries, and draws conclusions on the types of policy frameworks and institutions that might lead to a more equitable pattern of growth.
Author: Phillippe George Leite
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2006
Total Pages: 40
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →"Measured by the Gini coefficient, income inequality in Brazil rose from 0.57 in 1981 to 0.63 in 1989, before falling back to 0.56 in 2004. This latest figure would lower Brazil's world inequality rank from 2nd (in 1989) to 10th (in 2004). Poverty incidence also followed an inverted U-curve over the past quarter century, rising from 0.30 in 1981 to 0.33 in 1993, before falling to 0.22 in 2004. Using standard decomposition techniques, this paper presents a preliminary investigation of the determinants of Brazil's distributional reversal over this period. The rise in inequality in the 1980s appears to have been driven by increases in the educational attainment of the population in a context of convex returns, and by high and accelerating inflation. While the secular decline in inequality, which began in 1993, is associated with declining inflation, it also appears to have been driven by four structural and policy changes which have so far not attracted sufficient attention in the literature, namely sharp declines in the returns to education; pronounced rural-urban convergence; increases in social assistance transfers targeted to the poor; and a possible decline in racial inequality. Although poverty dynamics since the Real Plan of 1994 have been driven primarily by economic growth, the decline in inequality has also made a substantial contribution to poverty reduction. "--World Bank web site.