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Economic Burden of Major Foodborne Illnesses Acquired in the United States

Author: Sandra Hoffmann

Publisher: CreateSpace

Published: 2015-05-21

Total Pages: 60

ISBN-13: 9781512259926

Each year, approximately 48 million people become ill from foodborne illnesses in the United States. In only 20 percent of these cases (9.4 million illnesses) can a specific pathogen cause be identified; over 90 percent of these cases are caused by only 15 pathogens. This report summarizes recent estimates showing that these 9.4 million illnesses impose over $15.5 billion in economic burden annually. The report also provides "pamphlets" for each of these 15 foodborne pathogens that include: (1) a summary of information about the pathogen's foodborne illness incidence and economic burden relative to other foodborne pathogens; (2) a disease-outcome tree showing the number of people experiencing different outcomes caused by foodborne exposure to the pathogen in the United States each year; and (3) a pie chart showing the economic burden associated with different health outcomes resulting from infection with the pathogen.

Food Safety Economics

Author: Tanya Roberts

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-12-21

Total Pages: 411

ISBN-13: 331992138X

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This book examines the economic incentives for food safety in the private marketplace and how public actions have helped shape those incentives. Noted contributors analyze alternative public health protection efforts and the benefits and costs associated with these actions to understand: why an excess of foodborne illness occurs what policies have worked best how regulations have evolved what the path forward to better control of pathogens in the U.S. and the international food supply chain might look like While the first third of the book builds an economic framework, the remaining chapters apply economics to specific food safety issues. Numerous chapters explore economic decision making within individual companies, revealing the trade-offs of the costs of food safety systems to comply with regulations vs. non-compliance which carries costs of possible penalties, reputation damage, legal liability suits, and sales reduction. Pathogen control costs are examined in both the short run and long run. The book's unique application of economic theory to food safety decision making in both the public and private sectors makes it a key resource for food safety professionals in academia, government, industry, and consumer groups around the world. In addition to Benefit/Cost Analysis and economic incentives, other economic concepts are applied to food safety supply chains, such as, principal-agent theory and the economics of information. Authors provide real world examples, from Farm-to-Fork, to showcase these economic concepts throughout the book.

WHO Estimates of the Global Burden of Foodborne Diseases

Author: World Health Organization

Publisher:

Published: 2016-01-30

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789241565165

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The report presents the first global and regional estimates of the burden of foodborne diseases. The large disease burden from food highlights the importance of food safety, particularly in Africa, South-East Asia and other regions. Despite the data gaps and limitations of these initial estimates, it is apparent that the global burden of foodborne diseases is considerable, and affects individuals of all ages, particularly children

Making Sense of Recent Cost-of-foodborne-illness Estimates

Author: Sandra Hoffmann

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 29

ISBN-13: 9781502444134

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Estimates of the cost of foodborne illness play an important role in guiding Federal efforts to prevent foodborne illness in the United States. In 2000, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service (ERS) estimated that the cost of illness from five major foodborne pathogens was $6.9 billion per year. In 2010 and 2012, new comprehensive cost-of-illness estimates were published for the first time in a decade. Scharff (2010; 2012) estimated the cost of foodborne illness in the United States to be as high as $152 billion, while Hoffmann et al. (2012) estimated that illness from 14 major pathogens in the United States cost $14.1 billion. The difference between these recent estimates could lead to confusion about the total economic burden of foodborne illnesses. This report examines these cost-of-illness estimates with a focus on analyzing the factors that drive differences between them. In this report, "cost of illness" is defined as the sum of treatment costs, the value of time lost to illness, and willingness to pay to prevent death. The studies we discuss estimated cost of illness in slightly different ways.

Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2012-09-10

Total Pages: 418

ISBN-13: 0309259363

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Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.

Economic Cost of Foodborne Illnesses in the United States

Author: Brenda Montgomery

Publisher: Nova Science Publishers

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781634836654

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Each year, one in six people in the United States is sickened by a foodborne illness. Government, industry, and others expend considerable resources in trying to prevent these foodborne illnesses. To best marshall these resources, food industry managers and policymakers need to know both the value of these efforts to society and how to target use of these resources. Estimates of the economic burden of illness provide a conservative measure of how much people are willing to pay to prevent these illnesses. This book provides an overview of recent estimates of the economic burden imposed annually by 15 leading foodborne pathogens in the United States. It examines cost-of-illness estimates with a focus on analysing the factors that drive differences between them.

Emerging foodborne pathogens

Author: Yasmine Motarjemi

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2006-06-09

Total Pages: 664

ISBN-13: 9780849334290

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Developments such as the increasing globalization of the food industry, constant innovations in technologies and products, and changes in the susceptibility of populations to disease have all highlighted the problem of emerging pathogens, either newly discovered through more sensitive analytical methods, linked for the first time to disease in humans, or newly associated with a particular food. Designed for microbiologists and quality assurance professionals and for government and academic food safety scientists, this timely reference discusses ways of identifying emerging pathogens and includes chapters on individual pathogens, their epidemiology, methods of detection, and means of control.

Guidelines for Foodborne Disease Outbreak Response

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 206

ISBN-13:

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Food Safety Culture

Author: Frank Yiannas

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-12-10

Total Pages: 96

ISBN-13: 0387728678

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Food safety awareness is at an all time high, new and emerging threats to the food supply are being recognized, and consumers are eating more and more meals prepared outside of the home. Accordingly, retail and foodservice establishments, as well as food producers at all levels of the food production chain, have a growing responsibility to ensure that proper food safety and sanitation practices are followed, thereby, safeguarding the health of their guests and customers. Achieving food safety success in this changing environment requires going beyond traditional training, testing, and inspectional approaches to managing risks. It requires a better understanding of organizational culture and the human dimensions of food safety. To improve the food safety performance of a retail or foodservice establishment, an organization with thousands of employees, or a local community, you must change the way people do things. You must change their behavior. In fact, simply put, food safety equals behavior. When viewed from these lenses, one of the most common contributing causes of food borne disease is unsafe behavior (such as improper hand washing, cross-contamination, or undercooking food). Thus, to improve food safety, we need to better integrate food science with behavioral science and use a systems-based approach to managing food safety risk. The importance of organizational culture, human behavior, and systems thinking is well documented in the occupational safety and health fields. However, significant contributions to the scientific literature on these topics are noticeably absent in the field of food safety.

Foodborne Parasites

Author: Ynes R. Ortega

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-11-22

Total Pages: 301

ISBN-13: 0387311971

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This book examines the two major parasite groups that are transmitted via water or foods: the single-celled protozoa, and the helminths: cestodes (tapeworms), nematodes (round worms), and trematodes (flukes). Each chapter covers the biology, mechanisms of pathogenesis, epidemiology, treatment, and inactivation of these parasites. This important new text offers a better understanding of the biology and control of parasitic infections necessary to reduce or eliminate future outbreaks in the U.S. and elsewhere.