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Eco-Cognitive Computationalism

Author: Lorenzo Magnani

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-08-30

Total Pages: 116

ISBN-13: 3030814475

This book mainly focuses on the widely distributed nature of computational tools, models, and methods, ultimately related to the current importance of computational machines as mediators of cognition. An entirely new eco-cognitive approach to computation is offered, to underline the question of the overwhelming cognitive domestication of ignorant entities, which is persistently at work in our current societies. Eco-cognitive computationalism does not aim at furnishing an ultimate and static definition of the concepts of information, cognition, and computation, instead, it intends, by respecting their historical and dynamical character, to propose an intellectual framework that depicts how we can understand their forms of “emergence” and the modification of their meanings, also dealing with impressive unconventional non-digital cases. The new proposed perspective also leads to a clear description of the divergence between weak and strong levels of creative “abductive” hypothetical cognition: weak accomplishments are related to “locked abductive strategies”, typical of computational machines, and deep creativity is instead related to “unlocked abductive strategies”, which characterize human cognizers, who benefit from the so-called “eco-cognitive openness”.

Abductive Cognition

Author: Lorenzo Magnani

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-10-13

Total Pages: 549

ISBN-13: 3642036317

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This volume explores abductive cognition, an important but, at least until the third quarter of the last century, neglected topic in cognition. It aims at increasing knowledge about creative and expert inferences.

Philosophy And Methodology Of Information: The Study Of Information In The Transdisciplinary Perspective

Author: Dodig-crnkovic Gordana

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2019-04-24

Total Pages: 576

ISBN-13: 981327753X

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The book gives up-to-date, multi-aspect exposition of the philosophy and methodology of information, and related areas within the nascent field of the study of information. It presents the most recent achievements, ideas and opinions of leading researchers in this domain, as well as from physicists, biologists and social scientists. Collaboration of researchers from different areas and fields opens new perspectives for the understanding of information essential in the innovative development of science, technology and society.The book is meant for readers conducting research into any aspect of information, information society and information technology. The ideas presented give new insights for those who develop or implement scientific, technological or social applications. They are especially for those who are participating in setting the goals for science in general and sciences of information in particular.

Computationalism

Author: Matthias Scheutz

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 236

ISBN-13: 9780262194785

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A new computationalist view of the mind that takes into account real-world issues of embodiment, interaction, physical implementation, and semantics.

Model-Based Reasoning in Science and Technology

Author: Lorenzo Magnani

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-08-31

Total Pages: 633

ISBN-13: 364237428X

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This book contains contributions presented during the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR ́012), held on June 21-23 in Sestri Levante, Italy. Interdisciplinary researchers discuss in this volume how scientific cognition and other kinds of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. Some of the contributions analyzed the problem of model-based reasoning in technology and stressed the issues of scientific and technological innovation. The book is divided in three main parts: models, mental models, representations; abduction, problem solving and practical reasoning; historical, epistemological and technological issues. The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the international

Radical Embodied Cognitive Science

Author: Anthony Chemero

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2011-08-19

Total Pages: 269

ISBN-13: 0262516470

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A proposal for a new way to do cognitive science argues that cognition should be described in terms of agent-environment dynamics rather than computation and representation. While philosophers of mind have been arguing over the status of mental representations in cognitive science, cognitive scientists have been quietly engaged in studying perception, action, and cognition without explaining them in terms of mental representation. In this book, Anthony Chemero describes this nonrepresentational approach (which he terms radical embodied cognitive science), puts it in historical and conceptual context, and applies it to traditional problems in the philosophy of mind. Radical embodied cognitive science is a direct descendant of the American naturalist psychology of William James and John Dewey, and follows them in viewing perception and cognition to be understandable only in terms of action in the environment. Chemero argues that cognition should be described in terms of agent-environment dynamics rather than in terms of computation and representation. After outlining this orientation to cognition, Chemero proposes a methodology: dynamical systems theory, which would explain things dynamically and without reference to representation. He also advances a background theory: Gibsonian ecological psychology, “shored up” and clarified. Chemero then looks at some traditional philosophical problems (reductionism, epistemological skepticism, metaphysical realism, consciousness) through the lens of radical embodied cognitive science and concludes that the comparative ease with which it resolves these problems, combined with its empirical promise, makes this approach to cognitive science a rewarding one. “Jerry Fodor is my favorite philosopher,” Chemero writes in his preface, adding, “I think that Jerry Fodor is wrong about nearly everything.” With this book, Chemero explains nonrepresentational, dynamical, ecological cognitive science as clearly and as rigorously as Jerry Fodor explained computational cognitive science in his classic work The Language of Thought.

Living Beyond Data

Author: Yukio Ohsawa

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-11-06

Total Pages: 293

ISBN-13: 3031115937

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This book states that data users often suffer from the difficulty of acquiring knowledge for decision-making, and others are unsure how existing data are useful. The reader will be released from these dilemmas and enabled to act beyond patterns in past events by creating a process to interact with the data market and the dynamic real-world rich in new events. We present new approaches from the aspects of computation, communication, and their integration, to readers including analysts in sciences and businesses, systems managers, and learners desiring to design knowledge to learn. We show clues to explaining causalities in the target world of a black-box AI of which users may seek a predictive performance. For obtaining interpretable knowledge, we show the integration of model- and data-driven approaches, the analysis and perception of signals from data acquired in the cyber or the real word, and creative communication which connects demands to data by visualizing the data market as a place for innovations

Encyclopedia of Data Science and Machine Learning

Author: Wang, John

Publisher: IGI Global

Published: 2023-01-20

Total Pages: 3296

ISBN-13: 1799892212

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Big data and machine learning are driving the Fourth Industrial Revolution. With the age of big data upon us, we risk drowning in a flood of digital data. Big data has now become a critical part of both the business world and daily life, as the synthesis and synergy of machine learning and big data has enormous potential. Big data and machine learning are projected to not only maximize citizen wealth, but also promote societal health. As big data continues to evolve and the demand for professionals in the field increases, access to the most current information about the concepts, issues, trends, and technologies in this interdisciplinary area is needed. The Encyclopedia of Data Science and Machine Learning examines current, state-of-the-art research in the areas of data science, machine learning, data mining, and more. It provides an international forum for experts within these fields to advance the knowledge and practice in all facets of big data and machine learning, emphasizing emerging theories, principals, models, processes, and applications to inspire and circulate innovative findings into research, business, and communities. Covering topics such as benefit management, recommendation system analysis, and global software development, this expansive reference provides a dynamic resource for data scientists, data analysts, computer scientists, technical managers, corporate executives, students and educators of higher education, government officials, researchers, and academicians.

Handbook of Abductive Cognition

Author: Lorenzo Magnani

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-03-31

Total Pages: 1921

ISBN-13: 3031101359

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This Handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of abductive cognition, providing readers with extensive information on the process of reasoning to hypotheses in humans, animals, and in computational machines. It highlights the role of abduction in both theory practice: in generating and testing hypotheses and explanatory functions for various purposes and as an educational device. It merges logical, cognitive, epistemological and philosophical perspectives with more practical needs relating to the application of abduction across various disciplines and practices, such as in diagnosis, creative reasoning, scientific discovery, diagrammatic and ignorance-based cognition, and adversarial strategies. It also discusses the inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity, including the process of development, implementation and manipulation for different scientific and technological purposes. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, logic, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive, and computer science, as well as life sciences, engineering, architecture, and economics, the Handbook of Abductive Cognition offers a unique reference guide for readers approaching the process of reasoning to hypotheses from different perspectives and for various theoretical and practical purposes. Numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations are included to promote a better understanding of the relevant concepts and to make concepts highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds.

Abduction, Reason and Science

Author: L. Magnani

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2011-06-27

Total Pages: 273

ISBN-13: 144198562X

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This book ties together the concerns of philosophers of science and AI researchers, showing for example the connections between scientific thinking and medical expert systems. It lays out a useful general framework for discussion of a variety of kinds of abduction. It develops important ideas about aspects of abductive reasoning that have been relatively neglected in cognitive science, including the use of visual and temporal representations and the role of abduction in the withdrawal of hypotheses.