Composite Materials

Composite Materials PDF

Author: Krishan K. Chawla

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-04-17

Total Pages: 491

ISBN-13: 1475729669

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Focusing on the relationship between structure and properties, this is a well-balanced treatment of the mechanics and the materials science of composites, while not neglecting the importance of processing. This updated second edition contains new chapters on fatigue and creep of composites, and describes in detail how the various reinforcements, the materials in which they are embedded, and of the interfaces between them, control the properties of the composite materials at both the micro- and macro-levels. Extensive use is made of micrographs and line drawings, and examples of practical applications in various fields are given throughout the book, together with extensive references to the literature. Intended for use in graduate and upper-division undergraduate courses, this book will also prove a useful reference for practising engineers and researchers in industry and academia.

Commercial Applications of Ionic Liquids

Commercial Applications of Ionic Liquids PDF

Author: Mark B. Shiflett

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2020-02-14

Total Pages: 288

ISBN-13: 9783030352448

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This book provides an overview of the current and emerging industrial applications of ionic liquids, covering the core processes, the practical implementation and technical challenges involved, and exploring potential future directions for research and development. The introductory chapter describes the unique physical and chemical properties of ionic liquids, and illustrates the vast potential for application of these materials across the industrial landscape. Following this, individual chapters written by leading figures from industry and academia address specific processes and products, such as the development of a new chloroaluminate ionic liquid as an alkylation catalyst and a new class of capillary gas chromatography (GC) columns with stationary phases based on ionic liquids. Over the past twenty years, ionic liquids have moved from being considered as mere academic curiosities to having genuine applications in fields as wide-ranging as biotechnology, biorefineries, catalysis, pharmaceuticals, renewable fuels, and sustainable energy. This book highlights several commercial products and processes that use or will soon be using ionic liquids.

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics PDF

Author: William C. Reynolds

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2018-09-20

Total Pages: 425

ISBN-13: 0521862736

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Provides an essential treatment of the subject and rigorous methods to solve all kinds of energy engineering problems.

Stress Field of the Earth's Crust

Stress Field of the Earth's Crust PDF

Author: Arno Zang

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-12-06

Total Pages: 327

ISBN-13: 1402084447

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Stress Field of the Earth’s Crust is based on lecture notes prepared for a course offered to graduate students in the Earth sciences and engineering at University of Potsdam. In my opinion, it will undoubtedly also become a standard reference book on the desk of most scientists working with rocks, such as geophysicists, structural geologists, rock mechanics experts, as well as geotechnical and petroleum en- neers. That is because this book is concerned with what is probably the most pe- liar characteristic of rock – its initial stress condition. Rock is always under a natural state of stress, primarily a result of the gravitational and tectonic forces to which it is subjected. Crustal stresses can vary regionally and locally and can reach in places considerable magnitudes, leading to natural or man-made mechanical failure. P- existing stress distinguishes rock from most other materials and is at the core of the discipline of “Rock Mechanics”, which has been developed over the last century. Knowledge of rock stress is fundamental to understanding faulting mechanisms and earthquake triggering, to designing stable underground caverns and prod- tive oil fields, and to improving mining methods and geothermal energy extraction, among others. Several books have been written on the subject, but none has atte- ted to be as all-encompassing as the one by Zang and Stephansson.

The Foundation Engineering Handbook

The Foundation Engineering Handbook PDF

Author: Manjriker Gunaratne

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2006-01-13

Total Pages: 625

ISBN-13: 020348441X

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Great strides have been made in the art of foundation design during the last two decades. In situ testing, site improvement techniques, the use of geogrids in the design of retaining walls, modified ACI codes, and ground deformation modeling using finite elements are but a few of the developments that have significantly advanced foundation engineering in recent years. What has been lacking, however, is a comprehensive reference for foundation engineers that incorporates these state-of-the-art concepts and techniques. The Foundation Engineering Handbook fills that void. It presents both classical and state-of-the-art design and analysis techniques for earthen structures, and covers basic soil mechanics and soil and groundwater modeling concepts along with the latest research results. It addresses isolated and shallow footings, retaining structures, and modern methods of pile construction monitoring, as well as stability analysis and ground improvement methods. The handbook also covers reliability-based design and LRFD (Load Resistance Factor Design)-concepts not addressed in most foundation engineering texts. Easy-to-follow numerical design examples illustrate each technique. Along with its unique, comprehensive coverage, the clear, concise discussions and logical organization of The Foundation Engineering Handbook make it the one quick reference every practitioner and student in the field needs.

Voids in Materials

Voids in Materials PDF

Author: Gary M. Gladysz

Publisher: Newnes

Published: 2014-09-09

Total Pages: 215

ISBN-13: 0444563741

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Voids in Materials treats voids of different shapes and forms in various materials, and examines their effects on material properties. The book covers the origins of voids in materials, how they are sometimes introduced in the form of hollow spheres, and the resultant properties of materials containing voids. There are many books that focus on foams (which intentionally incorporate voids into materials) and that cover voids incidental to or unwanted in the fabrication of non-porous materials. In fact, all materials have voids. This book starts from the premise that voids are pervasive in all material on some level. It goes beyond foams to provide a comprehensive overview of voids, a central reference for scientists and engineers to use for the effect of voids in materials. Includes 3D renderings of void geometries Explains how and why voids are introduced into materials across the length scales; from nanometer-scale voids up to macro-scale voids Provides a continuous picture of how material properties change as the volume fraction of voids increases, and the implications for product design

Fukushima Accident

Fukushima Accident PDF

Author: Pavel P. Povinec

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2021-07-27

Total Pages: 574

ISBN-13: 0128244968

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Fukushima Accident: 10 Years After evaluates the post-Fukushima accident situation with up-to-date information, emphasizing radionuclide impacts on the terrestrial and marine environments, and comparing them to the pre-Fukushima accident levels of radionuclides in the environment. This is based on scientific results, as well as knowledge gathered from literature to provide current information on the present status, summarize 10 years of data on the Fukushima accident, and describe the present situation in the local, regional, and global time and space scales. It provides data on radioactivity released into the atmosphere and the ocean, the distribution of radionuclides in the world atmosphere and oceans, and their impact on the total environment, including assessments of radiation doses in Japanese and world populations from consumption of terrestrial food and seafood. It goes on to describe future aspects of the radioactive contamination of these environments and the health implications. This book informs environmental scientists, academics, and researchers in environmental science and nuclear energy as well as postgraduate students in the field of environmental science, radioactivity, and nuclear energy, on the present situation of radioactive contamination of Japan and in the world. Covers the Fukushima radioactivity impact on humans and the environment from the accident to the present Provides full information on radiation doses to Japanese citizens and biota, as well as to the world population, 10 years after the Fukushima accident Details transport of radionuclides in terrestrial and ocean environments, describing how to apply this information to ocean global circulation models and quantify radionuclide contamination of coastal regions Assesses future trends in radioactive contamination of the Fukushima site

Sol-Gel Methods for Materials Processing

Sol-Gel Methods for Materials Processing PDF

Author: Yuriy L. Zub

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-07-01

Total Pages: 505

ISBN-13: 1402085141

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Sol-gel processing is a soft-chemistry method to obtain functional materials at low temperatures. This route can be used to produce very sophisticated nanomaterials and to tailor the materials to very specific applications. Adsorption and detection of pollutants, water purification and soil remediation represent challenging fields of application that can be exploited by sol-gel materials. In this volume several contributions from invited speakers and participants at the NATO advanced research workshop on "Sol-gel approaches to materials for pollution control, water purification and soil remediation", which has been held in Kiev, Ukraine on October 2007, are reported. The book offers a wide and updated overview of the most advanced sol-gel methods for materials processing and at the same time presents several case studies concerning possible solutions for environmental issues. General articles on sol-gel from the invited speakers and focused research articles allow getting inside sol-gel applications on this very important field.

Fibrous Materials

Fibrous Materials PDF

Author: Krishan Chawla

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2016-06-02

Total Pages: 323

ISBN-13: 1107029724

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Updated discussion of the processing, microstructure, properties, and applications of fibers such as polymers, metals, ceramics and glass.