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DNA and RNA Profiling in Human Blood

Author: Peter Bugert

Publisher: Humana Press

Published: 2015-04-08

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781627039130

Blood samples have consistently proven to be a key source of genetic material for a wide variety of diagnostic or research purposes. In DNA and RNA Profiling in Human Blood: Methods and Protocols, leading international experts contribute both established and recently developed protocols for complex and high-throughput DNA and RNA profiling. Divided into two thorough sections, the volume concentrates on DNA profiling for blood cell antigens through methods on high-throughput multiplex approaches and SNP typing, along with RNA profiling in blood cells addressing certain blood cell types such as platelets, reticulocytes, and megakaryocytes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, all of the chapters include brief introductions on the subject, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, as well as the Notes section which highlights tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, DNA and RNA Profiling in Human Blood: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide to the molecular profiling approaches that have opened up this broad field of research and have shown great promise in the further identifying of disease markers in blood.

Evolution of Translational Omics

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2012-09-13

Total Pages: 354

ISBN-13: 0309224187

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Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.

Molecular Biology of The Cell

Author: Bruce Alberts

Publisher:

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780815332183

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Functional Proteomics

Author: Julie D. Thompson

Publisher: Humana Press

Published: 2008-08-12

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781588299710

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As the emerging field of proteomics continues to expand at an extremely rapid rate, the relative quantification of proteins, targeted by their function, becomes its greatest challenge. Complex analytical strategies have been designed that allow comparative analysis of large proteomes, as well as in depth detection of the core proteome or the interaction network of a given protein of interest. In Functional Proteomics: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers describe the latest protocols being developed to address the problems encountered in high-throughput proteomics projects, with emphasis on the factors governing the technical choices for given applications. The case studies within the volume focus on the following three crucial aspects of the experimental design: 1) the strategy used for the selection, purification and preparation of the sample to be analyzed by mass spectrometry, 2) the type of mass spectrometer used and the type of data to be obtained from it, and 3) the method used for the interpretation of the mass spectrometry data and the search engine used for the identification of the proteins in the different types of sequence data banks available. As a part of the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series, the chapters compile step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Functional Proteomics: Methods and Protocols is an ideal resource for all scientists pursuing this developing field and its multitudinous data.

Medical Immunology

Author: Gabriel Virella

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2007-03-28

Total Pages: 489

ISBN-13: 1420020870

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With an abundance of illustrations, diagrams, and algorithms, this sixth edition of Medical Immunology provides a reader-friendly review of critical material on the current diagnostic and clinical applications of immunology. Organized into four sections that describe clinical applications, methodological advances, immunological diseases, and innova

DNA Technology in Forensic Science

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1992-02-01

Total Pages: 199

ISBN-13: 0309045878

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Matching DNA samples from crime scenes and suspects is rapidly becoming a key source of evidence for use in our justice system. DNA Technology in Forensic Science offers recommendations for resolving crucial questions that are emerging as DNA typing becomes more widespread. The volume addresses key issues: Quality and reliability in DNA typing, including the introduction of new technologies, problems of standardization, and approaches to certification. DNA typing in the courtroom, including issues of population genetics, levels of understanding among judges and juries, and admissibility. Societal issues, such as privacy of DNA data, storage of samples and data, and the rights of defendants to quality testing technology. Combining this original volume with the new update-The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence-provides the complete, up-to-date picture of this highly important and visible topic. This volume offers important guidance to anyone working with this emerging law enforcement tool: policymakers, specialists in criminal law, forensic scientists, geneticists, researchers, faculty, and students.

Forensic DNA Analysis

Author: Jaiprakash G. Shewale

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2013-08-19

Total Pages: 449

ISBN-13: 1466571268

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The field of forensic DNA analysis has grown immensely in the past two decades and genotyping of biological samples is now routinely performed in human identification (HID) laboratories. Application areas include paternity testing, forensic casework, family lineage studies, identification of human remains, and DNA databasing. Forensic DNA Analysis: Current Practices and Emerging Technologies explores the fundamental principles and the application of technologies for each aspect of forensic DNA analysis. The book begins by discussing the value of DNA evidence and how to properly recognize, document, collect, and store it. The remaining chapters examine: The most widely adopted methods and the best practices for DNA isolation from forensic biological samples and human remains Studies carried out on the use of both messenger RNA and small (micro) RNA profiling Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for quantification and assessment of human DNA prior to genotyping Capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a tool for forensic DNA analysis Next-generation short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping kits for forensic applications, the biological nature of STR loci, and Y-chromosome STRs (Y-STRs) Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence analysis Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletion polymorphisms (indels) in typing highly degraded DNA Deep-sequencing technologies The current state of integrated systems in forensic DNA analysis The book concludes by discussing various aspects of sample-processing training and the entities that provide such training programs. This volume is an essential resource for students, researchers, teaching faculties, and other professionals interested in human identification/forensic DNA analysis.

The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health

Author: Kitty Verhoeckx

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2015-04-29

Total Pages: 338

ISBN-13: 3319161040

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“Infogest” (Improving Health Properties of Food by Sharing our Knowledge on the Digestive Process) is an EU COST action/network in the domain of Food and Agriculture that will last for 4 years from April 4, 2011. Infogest aims at building an open international network of institutes undertaking multidisciplinary basic research on food digestion gathering scientists from different origins (food scientists, gut physiologists, nutritionists...). The network gathers 70 partners from academia, corresponding to a total of 29 countries. The three main scientific goals are: Identify the beneficial food components released in the gut during digestion; Support the effect of beneficial food components on human health; Promote harmonization of currently used digestion models Infogest meetings highlighted the need for a publication that would provide researchers with an insight into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of respective in vitro and ex vivo assays to evaluate the effects of foods and food bioactives on health. Such assays are particularly important in situations where a large number of foods/bioactives need to be screened rapidly and in a cost effective manner in order to ultimately identify lead foods/bioactives that can be the subject of in vivo assays. The book is an asset to researchers wishing to study the health benefits of their foods and food bioactives of interest and highlights which in vitro/ex vivo assays are of greatest relevance to their goals, what sort of outputs/data can be generated and, as noted above, highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the various assays. It is also an important resource for undergraduate students in the ‘food and health’ arena.

DNA Electrophoresis Protocols for Forensic Genetics

Author: Antonio Alonso

Publisher: Humana Press

Published: 2011-12-08

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 9781617794605

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Forensic DNA profiling procedures are mainly based on high resolution and high throughput capillary electrophoresis separation and detection systems of PCR amplicons obtained from DNA genomic markers with different inheritance patterns. In DNA Electrophoresis Protocols for Forensic Genetics, expert researchers in the field detail many of the protocols and methods which are now commonly used to perform forensic DNA profiling. It includes protocols for profiling of autosomal STRs, Y-STRs, X-STRs, autosomal SNPs, INDELS, Y-SNPs, mtDNA-SNPs, and mtDNA hypervariable regions HV1 and HV2 . Protocols for molecular identification of non-human species and mRNA profiling for body fluid identification are also included. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1997-01-12

Total Pages: 271

ISBN-13: 0309121949

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In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.