Diversity, Affirmative Action, and Law Enforcement

Diversity, Affirmative Action, and Law Enforcement PDF

Author: George T. Felkenes

Publisher: Charles C. Thomas Publisher

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13:

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Focusing on issues that have implications for every law enforcement agency in the United States, these seven papers examine the impact of a 1980 Federal district court consent decree concerning affirmative action on police recruitment, selection, training, and employment in the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) and the City of Los Angeles. In 1973, a female sergeant in the LAPD filed a complaint alleging that the city of Los Angeles engaged in employment discrimination based on sex. Subsequently, a complaint was filed by the U.S. Attorney in Federal court alleging also that the City and the LAPD had practiced employment discrimination on the basis of sex, race, and national origin. The Blake Consent Decree included within its requirements the essence of affirmative action and diversity in law enforcement. Individual papers in this volume focus on the characteristics of police academy training classes, models of police demographics before and after the decree, the evaluation of the positive and negative effects of the decree, legal rights of minorities and women resulting from their political emergence in American society, and police attitudes. Tables, figure, name and subject indexes, list of court cases, and appended survey form.

Policing in a Diverse Society

Policing in a Diverse Society PDF

Author: Mary S. Jackson

Publisher:

Published: 2021

Total Pages: 412

ISBN-13: 9781531015275

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"Policing in a Diverse Society provides an in-depth look at historical events that have shaped the thinking of both minority groups and law enforcement officers. Many stereotypes and myths have evolved as a result of lack of understanding, and this book utilizes a historical perspective as a means of closing the gap between the law enforcement officers and the communities they serve and protect. The text offers the reader an opportunity to gain a better understanding of the "rift" that may exist between law enforcement and citizens. This discussion impresses upon the reader the need for officers in training to arm themselves with more than guns and a badge; knowledge about issues relating to diversity is necessary in order for officers to perform their duties effectively and efficiently in America's diverse population. This book is useful not only for criminal justice students, but law enforcement organizations' basic law enforcement training sessions as well. In an effort to achieve the main objective of helping the reader understand and build a better relationship between officers and citizens, the historical perspective of each population segment discussed is included. This second edition includes "first hand" knowledge from officers who are currently employed in law enforcement. They share their knowledge in order to stimulate and motivate thinking that can assist with building trust between officers, individuals, and the community. These officers describe "real life" experiences that they are confronted with daily as they struggle to not only protect and serve but to also build trust. This edition also utilizes current events and situations to formulate progressive thinking on twenty-first century issues such as immigration and the use of deadly force. The overall aim is to provide information that will encourage dialogue and positive actions"--

Diversity And Affirmative Action In Public Service

Diversity And Affirmative Action In Public Service PDF

Author: Walter Broadnax

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-03-14

Total Pages: 496

ISBN-13: 0429969503

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In 1968 a theory of social equity was developed and put forward as the "third pillar for public administration, with the same status as economy and efficiency as values or principles to which public administration should adhere. Considerable progress has been made in social equity in the past 20 years. Theoretically, the works ofRawls and Rae and associates provide a language and a road map for understanding the complexity of the subject. The courts were especially supportive of principles of social equity in the later years of Chief Justice Earl Warren and during the years of Chief Justice Warren Burger. The present period, marked by the leadership of William Rehnquist, evidences a significant drawing back from the earlier commitment to equity. The decisions of state courts, based upon state constitutions and the common law, hold considerable promise for advancing social equity principles. Scholarly research demonstrates the belief of the American people in fairness, justice, and equality and their recognition of the complexity of the subject and their ambivalence toward competing claims for equality. Research on public administration finds that bureaucratic decision rules and the processes of policy implementation tend to favor principles of social equity.

The Impact of Affirmative Action and Civil Service on American Police Personnel Systems

The Impact of Affirmative Action and Civil Service on American Police Personnel Systems PDF

Author: Hubert G. Locke

Publisher:

Published: 1979

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13:

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The impact of civil service and affirmative action programs on minority employment in the law enforcement setting is addressed in this monograph. Each stage of the federal government's program to insure equal employment opportunity from nondiscrimination through affirmative action has been accompanied by acrimonious public debate, focusing particularly on affirmative action, which is designed to develop guidelines, timetables, and other measurable indexes by which employers can be held accountable for their progress, or lack of it, in implementing national policy. The principal burden of finding answers to the complex issues surrounding minority employment has fallen to the courts. Numerous judicial decisions, with enormous implications for police agencies, have been translated into procedural regulations covering the measures, techniques, criteria, and processes that may be used for employment decisions and employment selection. Several employment practices which may create problems in the area of employment discrimination are included. Whether due to enlightened police leadership, community pressures, political circumstances, civil service intervention, or a combination of all these factors, the racial characteristics of American policing have begun to change substantially over the past decade. Ten years ago, approximately 4 percent of the sworn police personnel in the nation were racial minorities; today, that figure has risen to 10 percent. Findings of the public service administration show that one of the most important factors in changing the nature and quality of policing is the courage and commitment of police leadership. To the extent that increasing minority and female participation in the ranks of sworn police officers is a crucial part of this change process, there is the added finding that such efforts are not enhanced by a reliance on the regulatory role of civil service. Several suggestions for institutionalizing this change process are noted.

Addressing the Racial Divide

Addressing the Racial Divide PDF

Author: Vivien Lee

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 53

ISBN-13:

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In response to publicized shootings of minority civilians, several police agencies across the county have announced that they will hire more minority police officers. However, there is a dearth of quantitative research examining real-life consequences of police diversity. Between 1969 and 2000, a number of police departments were sued for racial and gender discrimination, and many responded by putting into place affirmative action policies. We use affirmative action litigation status of police departments to proxy for increases in workforce diversity, relying on evidence from previous studies with access to confidential demographic information on police workforces. Using litigation information on 479 of the largest state and local U.S. police departments and hospital data from counties across the U.S., we estimate the effect of affirmative action litigation on various measures of crime and deaths. We introduce a method to measure affirmative action litigation exposure at the county level, as our outcome variables are at the county level while our legal data is at the agency level. Our analysis relies on the assumption that all counties in our sample would have been on the same trend if they had the same exposure to litigated policing. We find that increases in exposure to affirmative action litigation led to a decrease in the probability that there would be a death due to police interaction for all persons, and this effect was driven by deaths among nonwhites. We also find a decrease in arrests after affirmative action litigation for all persons.

Diversity, Violence, and Recognition

Diversity, Violence, and Recognition PDF

Author: Elisabeth King

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 0197509452

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"When considering strategies to address violent conflict, an enduring debate concerns the wisdom of recognizing versus avoiding reference to ethnic identities. This book asks: Under what conditions do governments manage internal violent conflicts by formally recognizing different ethnic identities? And, moreover, what are the implications for peace? Introducing the concept of "ethnic recognition", and building on a theory rooted in ethnic power configurations, the book examines the merits, risks, and trade-offs of publicly recognizing ethnic groups in state institutions as compared to not doing so, on sought-after outcomes such as political inclusiveness, the decline of political violence, economic vitality, and the improvement of democracy. It draws on both global cross-national quantitative analysis of post-conflict constitutions, settlements, and institutions since 1990, as well as in-depth qualitative case studies of Burundi, Rwanda, and Ethiopia. Findings show that recognition is adopted about forty percent of the time and is much more likely when the leader is from the largest ethnic group, as opposed to an ethnic minority. Moreover, all else equal, recognition promotes peace better than non-recognition under plurality leadership. Under minority leadership, peace outcomes are neither better nor worse. These findings should be of great interest to social scientists studying peace, democracy, and development, and of practical relevance to policy makers attempting to make these concepts a reality around the world"--

Multicultural Law Enforcement

Multicultural Law Enforcement PDF

Author: Robert M. Shusta

Publisher:

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 484

ISBN-13: 9780135540800

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In discussing strategies for police work in a diverse society, this book considers the impact of cultural diversity on law enforcement, training in cultural understanding for law enforcement, cultural specifics for law enforcement, response strategies to crimes motivated by hate/bias, and cultural effectiveness for peace officers. Part I introduces readers to the implications of a multicultural society for law enforcement, both within and outside the police agency. Chapters address the challenges of multicultural communities for law enforcement; the changing law enforcement agency as a microcosm of society; and multicultural representation in police recruitment, retention, and promotions. Part II presents information on multiple aspects of cultural awareness training and cross-cultural communication in law enforcement. Two chapters discuss the preparation and implementation of cultural awareness training and cross-cultural communication for law enforcement. Part III presents chapters on police contact with five cultural groups in the United States: Asian/Pacific Americans, African-Americans, Latino/Hispanic Americans, Arab Americans and other Middle Eastern groups, and American Indians. Part IV contains three chapters that explain strategies for preventing, controlling, reporting, tracking, and investigating crimes that are based on hate or bias because of the victim's race, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation. Part V highlights some of the themes from previous chapters and discusses broad concepts of the peace officer and cultural diversity.

Diversity Issues in Law Enforcement

Diversity Issues in Law Enforcement PDF

Author: Shahe S. Kazarian

Publisher: Emond Montgomery

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 9781552390597

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Topics covered include police culture in a diversity context, human rights and freedoms in Ontario and in Canada, social and religious considerations in policing, diversity and domestic violence, mental illness and homelessness.

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