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A Climate of Injustice

Author: J. Timmons Roberts

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2006-11-22

Total Pages: 421

ISBN-13: 0262264412

The global debate over who should take action to address climate change is extremely precarious, as diametrically opposed perceptions of climate justice threaten the prospects for any long-term agreement. Poor nations fear limits on their efforts to grow economically and meet the needs of their own people, while powerful industrial nations, including the United States, refuse to curtail their own excesses unless developing countries make similar sacrifices. Meanwhile, although industrialized countries are responsible for 60 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change, developing countries suffer the "worst and first" effects of climate-related disasters, including droughts, floods, and storms, because of their geographical locations. In A Climate of Injustice, J. Timmons Roberts and Bradley Parks analyze the role that inequality between rich and poor nations plays in the negotiation of global climate agreements. Roberts and Parks argue that global inequality dampens cooperative efforts by reinforcing the "structuralist" worldviews and causal beliefs of many poor nations, eroding conditions of generalized trust, and promoting particularistic notions of "fair" solutions. They develop new measures of climate-related inequality, analyzing fatality and homelessness rates from hydrometeorological disasters, patterns of "emissions inequality," and participation in international environmental regimes. Until we recognize that reaching a North-South global climate pact requires addressing larger issues of inequality and striking a global bargain on environment and development, Roberts and Parks argue, the current policy gridlock will remain unresolved.

Disaster Recovery Through the Lens of Justice

Author: Alessandra Jerolleman

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-01-25

Total Pages: 108

ISBN-13: 3030047954

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There has been increased attention to the topics of disaster recovery and disaster resilience over the past several years, particularly as catastrophic events such as Hurricane Katrina and Superstorm Sandy have brought to light the increasing vulnerability of so many communities. This manuscript brings together existing research, along with policy analysis, in order to look at disaster recovery through the lens of justice. This includes understanding the mechanisms through which vulnerability is exacerbated, and the extent to which the regulations and agency cultures drive this outcome. While existing analyses have sought to understand the particular characteristics of both resilient and vulnerable communities, there have been few attempts to understand the systemic inequities and injustice that is built into United States disaster policies, programs, and legislation. This manuscript thus begins from the understanding that social and economic structures, including land use policies and historic practices such as redlining, have concentrated hazard risk into vulnerable zones whose inhabitants do not benefit from the very policies that create and increase their risk.

The Wrong Complexion for Protection

Author: Robert D. Bullard

Publisher: NYU Press

Published: 2012-07-23

Total Pages: 319

ISBN-13: 0814771939

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Uncovers the ways the United States government responds to natural and human-induced disasters in relation to race over the past eight decades When the images of desperate, hungry, thirsty, sick, mostly black people circulated in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, it became apparent to the whole country that race did indeed matter when it came to government assistance. In The Wrong Complexion for Protection, Robert D. Bullard and Beverly Wright place the government response to natural and human-induced disasters in historical context over the past eight decades. They compare and contrast how the government responded to emergencies, including environmental and public health emergencies, toxic contamination, industrial accidents, bioterrorism threats and show that African Americans are disproportionately affected. Bullard and Wright argue that uncovering and eliminating disparate disaster response can mean the difference between life and death for those most vulnerable in disastrous times.

Mississippi River Tragedies

Author: Christine A Klein

Publisher: NYU Press

Published: 2017-08-01

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 1479856169

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Read a free excerpt here! American engineers have done astounding things to bend the Mississippi River to their will: forcing one of its tributaries to flow uphill, transforming over a thousand miles of roiling currents into a placid staircase of water, and wresting the lower half of the river apart from its floodplain. American law has aided and abetted these feats. But despite our best efforts, so-called “natural disasters” continue to strike the Mississippi basin, as raging floodwaters decimate waterfront communities and abandoned towns literally crumble into the Gulf of Mexico. In some places, only the tombstones remain, leaning at odd angles as the underlying soil erodes away. Mississippi River Tragedies reveals that it is seductively deceptive—but horribly misleading—to call such catastrophes “natural.” Authors Christine A. Klein and Sandra B. Zellmer present a sympathetic account of the human dreams, pride, and foibles that got us to this point, weaving together engaging historical narratives and accessible law stories drawn from actual courtroom dramas. The authors deftly uncover the larger story of how the law reflects and even amplifies our ambivalent attitude toward nature—simultaneously revering wild rivers and places for what they are, while working feverishly to change them into something else. Despite their sobering revelations, the authors’ final message is one of hope. Although the acknowledgement of human responsibility for unnatural disasters can lead to blame, guilt, and liability, it can also prod us to confront the consequences of our actions, leading to a liberating sense of possibility and to the knowledge necessary to avoid future disasters.

Disaster of Injustice

Author: Nurhady Sirimorok

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 155

ISBN-13:

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The Faces of Injustice

Author: Judith N. Shklar

Publisher: Yale University Press

Published: 1990-01-01

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 9780300056709

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How can we distinguish between injustice and misfortune? What can we learn from the victims of calamity about the sense of injustice they harbor? In this book a distinguished political theorist ponders these and other questions and formulates a new political and moral theory of injustice that encompasses not only deliberate acts of cruelty or unfairness but also indifference to such acts. Judith N. Shklar draws on the writings of Plato, Augustine, and Montaigne, three skeptics who gave the theory of injustice its main structure and intellectual force, as well as on political theory, history, social psychology, and literature from sources as diverse as Rosseau, Dickens, Hardy, and E. L. Doctorow. Shklar argues that we cannot set rigid rules to distinguish instances of misfortune from injustice, as most theories of justice would have us do, for such definitions would not take into account historical variability and differences in perception and interest between the victims and spectators. From the victim's point of view--whether it be one who suffered in an earthquake or as a result of social discrimination--the full definition of injustice must include not only the immediate cause of disaster but also our refusal to prevent and then to mitigate the damage, or what Shklar calls passive injustice. With this broader definition comes a call for greater responsibility from both citizens and public servants. When we attempt to make political decisions about what to do in specific instances of injustice, says Shklar, we must give the victim's voice its full weight. This is in keeping with the best impulses of democracy and is our only alternative to a complacency that is bound to favor the unjust.

Hurricane Katrina

Author: Jeremy I. Levitt

Publisher: U of Nebraska Press

Published: 2009-01-01

Total Pages: 337

ISBN-13: 080322463X

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On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina slammed into the Gulf Coast states of Louisiana and Mississippi. The storm devastated the region and its citizens. But its devastation did not reach across racial and class lines equally. In an original combination of research and advocacy, Hurricane Katrina: America s Unnatural Disaster questions the efficacy of the national and global responses to Katrina s central victims, African Americans. This collection of polemical essays explores the extent to which African Americans and others were, and are, disproportionately affected by the natural and manmade forces that caused Hurricane Katrina. Such an engaged study of this tragic event forces us to acknowledge that the ways in which we view our history and life have serious ramifications on modern human relations, public policy, and quality of life.

When Misfortune Becomes Injustice

Author: Alicia Ely Yamin

Publisher: Stanford Studies in Human Righ

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13: 9781503605411

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When Misfortune Becomes Injustice surveys the last thirty years of health, economic, and social rights advancement within the international human rights community. Alicia Ely Yamin reflects on her firsthand experience as an academic, practitioner, and advocate to explore the shift in how international human rights bodies approached issues of health and ill-health. Yamin argues the narrative has evolved to view health as a human right, encapsulating health crises as injustices, not simply misfortunes. Starting with debates in the 1970s, Yamin carefully surveys the points of intersection and friction between the fields of law, public health, and economics and development conversations to show how the general discourse evolved over time. When Misfortune Becomes Injustice tells a story of extraordinary progress with respect to the right to health over the last few decades, including how traditional forms of tyranny and discrimination were curbed, and how new discourses of equality were formed. However, Yamin shows that the possibilities and political space necessary to advance a robustly egalitarian health rights agenda are increasingly shrinking with growing inequality, and a greater attention to diverse strategies for resistance and social transformation is sorely needed.

Through the Eye of Katrina

Author: Kristin Ann Bates

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781594607356

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The events surrounding Hurricane Katrina offer a remarkable case study of the social divide in the United States. The book includes scholarly articles examining the continued struggle for social justice from the perspectives of communication, criminology, education, ethnic studies, history, justice studies, law, political science, sociology, and urban planning. This multidisciplinary case study approach is a highly effective way of helping readers understand contemporary debates about social justice, including the roles of historically persistent structural inequality, racism and classism, media portrayals of life changing events, government reactions and responsibilities in the face of crises, and the role of public policy and activism in response to social injustice. The collection of articles is divided into three sections representing the causes of, consequences of, and responses to social injustice as illustrated through the case study of Hurricane Katrina. The first section, Images from the Past: Social Justice and Hurricane Katrina in Context, examines the structural inequality and cultural divisions in the United States that make just responses to disasters difficult. The second section, Images of the Disaster: Reactions to Hurricane Katrina, offers analyses of the effects of Hurricane Katrina, the disparities that are highlighted after such a disaster, and the subsequent actions and reactions that emerge in its wake. The third section, Images of the Future: Policy, Activism, and Justice, focuses on public policy and activist efforts aimed at creating a more just society. This second edition includes new chapters on the gender analysis of disaster recovery work and the implementation of socially just post-disaster urban planning efforts. In addition, the introductory and concluding chapters have been significantly rewritten to include expanded theoretical analyses of both the meaning of social disasters and the policy implications for social disasters in the United States. "Editors Bates and Swan...argue convincingly that Hurricane Katrina's severe social and environmental consequences are best apprehended within a social justice framework because the hurricane revealed and magnified extensive, entrenched patterns of racial and class discrimination against impoverished minority residents of New Orleans... The essays are persuasive because they blend topicality with academic rigor, providing many relevant sources, detailed footnotes, and cogent analyses of situations. The book significantly enhances understanding of the historical and contemporary circumstances that created the Hurricane Katrina disaster." -- CHOICE Magazine, on the first edition