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Diagonalization in Formal Mathematics

Author: Paulo Guilherme Santos

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-01-04

Total Pages: 89

ISBN-13: 3658291117

In this book, Paulo Guilherme Santos studies diagonalization in formal mathematics from logical aspects to everyday mathematics. He starts with a study of the diagonalization lemma and its relation to the strong diagonalization lemma. After that, Yablo’s paradox is examined, and a self-referential interpretation is given. From that, a general structure of diagonalization with paradoxes is presented. Finally, the author studies a general theory of diagonalization with the help of examples from mathematics.

Handbook of Philosophical Logic

Author: Dov M. Gabbay

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-09

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 940170466X

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It is with great pleasure that we are presenting to the community the second edition of this extraordinary handbook. It has been over 15 years since the publication of the first edition and there have been great changes in the landscape of philosophical logic since then. The first edition has proved invaluable to generations of students and researchers in formal philosophy and language, as well as to consumers of logic in many applied areas. The main logic article in the Encyclopaedia Britannica 1999 has described the first edition as 'the best starting point for exploring any of the topics in logic'. We are confident that the second edition will prove to be just as good! The first edition was the second handbook published for the logic commu nity. It followed the North Holland one volume Handbook of Mathematical Logic, published in 1977, edited by the late Jon Barwise. The four volume Handbook of Philosophical Logic, published 1983-1989 came at a fortunate temporal junction at the evolution of logic. This was the time when logic was gaining ground in computer science and artificial intelligence circles. These areas were under increasing commercial pressure to provide devices which help and/or replace the human in his daily activity. This pressure required the use of logic in the modelling of human activity and organisa tion on the one hand and to provide the theoretical basis for the computer program constructs on the other.

A First Course in Linear Algebra

Author: Kenneth Kuttler

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 586

ISBN-13:

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"A First Course in Linear Algebra, originally by K. Kuttler, has been redesigned by the Lyryx editorial team as a first course for the general students who have an understanding of basic high school algebra and intend to be users of linear algebra methods in their profession, from business & economics to science students. All major topics of linear algebra are available in detail, as well as justifications of important results. In addition, connections to topics covered in advanced courses are introduced. The textbook is designed in a modular fashion to maximize flexibility and facilitate adaptation to a given course outline and student profile. Each chapter begins with a list of student learning outcomes, and examples and diagrams are given throughout the text to reinforce ideas and provide guidance on how to approach various problems. Suggested exercises are included at the end of each section, with selected answers at the end of the textbook."--BCcampus website.

Mathematics and Computation

Author: Avi Wigderson

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2019-10-29

Total Pages: 434

ISBN-13: 0691189137

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An introduction to computational complexity theory, its connections and interactions with mathematics, and its central role in the natural and social sciences, technology, and philosophy Mathematics and Computation provides a broad, conceptual overview of computational complexity theory—the mathematical study of efficient computation. With important practical applications to computer science and industry, computational complexity theory has evolved into a highly interdisciplinary field, with strong links to most mathematical areas and to a growing number of scientific endeavors. Avi Wigderson takes a sweeping survey of complexity theory, emphasizing the field’s insights and challenges. He explains the ideas and motivations leading to key models, notions, and results. In particular, he looks at algorithms and complexity, computations and proofs, randomness and interaction, quantum and arithmetic computation, and cryptography and learning, all as parts of a cohesive whole with numerous cross-influences. Wigderson illustrates the immense breadth of the field, its beauty and richness, and its diverse and growing interactions with other areas of mathematics. He ends with a comprehensive look at the theory of computation, its methodology and aspirations, and the unique and fundamental ways in which it has shaped and will further shape science, technology, and society. For further reading, an extensive bibliography is provided for all topics covered. Mathematics and Computation is useful for undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics, computer science, and related fields, as well as researchers and teachers in these fields. Many parts require little background, and serve as an invitation to newcomers seeking an introduction to the theory of computation. Comprehensive coverage of computational complexity theory, and beyond High-level, intuitive exposition, which brings conceptual clarity to this central and dynamic scientific discipline Historical accounts of the evolution and motivations of central concepts and models A broad view of the theory of computation's influence on science, technology, and society Extensive bibliography

Diagonalization and Self-reference

Author: Raymond M. Smullyan

Publisher: Oxford Logic Guides

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780198534501

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The main purpose of this book is to present a unified treatment of fixed points as they occur in Godel's incompleteness proofs, recursion theory, combinatory logic, semantics, and metamathematics. The book provides a survey of introductory material and a summary of recent research. The firstchapters are of an introductory nature and consist mainly of exercises with solutions given to most of them.

Mathematics for Machine Learning

Author: Marc Peter Deisenroth

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2020-04-23

Total Pages: 392

ISBN-13: 1108569323

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The fundamental mathematical tools needed to understand machine learning include linear algebra, analytic geometry, matrix decompositions, vector calculus, optimization, probability and statistics. These topics are traditionally taught in disparate courses, making it hard for data science or computer science students, or professionals, to efficiently learn the mathematics. This self-contained textbook bridges the gap between mathematical and machine learning texts, introducing the mathematical concepts with a minimum of prerequisites. It uses these concepts to derive four central machine learning methods: linear regression, principal component analysis, Gaussian mixture models and support vector machines. For students and others with a mathematical background, these derivations provide a starting point to machine learning texts. For those learning the mathematics for the first time, the methods help build intuition and practical experience with applying mathematical concepts. Every chapter includes worked examples and exercises to test understanding. Programming tutorials are offered on the book's web site.

Harvey Friedman's Research on the Foundations of Mathematics

Author: L.A. Harrington

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1985-11-01

Total Pages: 407

ISBN-13: 9780080960401

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This volume discusses various aspects of Harvey Friedman's research in the foundations of mathematics over the past fifteen years. It should appeal to a wide audience of mathematicians, computer scientists, and mathematically oriented philosophers.

A Course in Mathematical Logic

Author: Yu.I. Manin

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 1475743858

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1. This book is above all addressed to mathematicians. It is intended to be a textbook of mathematical logic on a sophisticated level, presenting the reader with several of the most significant discoveries of the last ten or fifteen years. These include: the independence of the continuum hypothe sis, the Diophantine nature of enumerable sets, the impossibility of finding an algorithmic solution for one or two old problems. All the necessary preliminary material, including predicate logic and the fundamentals of recursive function theory, is presented systematically and with complete proofs. We only assume that the reader is familiar with "naive" set theoretic arguments. In this book mathematical logic is presented both as a part of mathe matics and as the result of its self-perception. Thus, the substance of the book consists of difficult proofs of subtle theorems, and the spirit of the book consists of attempts to explain what these theorems say about the mathematical way of thought. Foundational problems are for the most part passed over in silence. Most likely, logic is capable of justifying mathematics to no greater extent than biology is capable of justifying life. 2. The first two chapters are devoted to predicate logic. The presenta tion here is fairly standard, except that semantics occupies a very domi nant position, truth is introduced before deducibility, and models of speech in formal languages precede the systematic study of syntax.

Matrices and Transformations

Author: Anthony J. Pettofrezzo

Publisher: Courier Corporation

Published: 2012-05-04

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 0486151808

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This book presents an elementary and concrete approach to linear algebra that is both useful and essential for the beginning student and teacher of mathematics. Here are the fundamental concepts of matrix algebra, first in an intuitive framework and then in a more formal manner. A Variety of interpretations and applications of the elements and operations considered are included. In particular, the use of matrices in the study of transformations of the plane is stressed. The purpose of this book is to familiarize the reader with the role of matrices in abstract algebraic systems, and to illustrate its effective use as a mathematical tool in geometry. The first two chapters cover the basic concepts of matrix algebra that are important in the study of physics, statistics, economics, engineering, and mathematics. Matrices are considered as elements of an algebra. The concept of a linear transformation of the plane and the use of matrices in discussing such transformations are illustrated in Chapter #. Some aspects of the algebra of transformations and its relation to the algebra of matrices are included here. The last chapter on eigenvalues and eigenvectors contains material usually not found in an introductory treatment of matrix algebra, including an application of the properties of eigenvalues and eigenvectors to the study of the conics. Considerable attention has been paid throughout to the formulation of precise definitions and statements of theorems. The proofs of most of the theorems are included in detail in this book. Matrices and Transformations assumes only that the reader has some understanding of the basic fundamentals of vector algebra. Pettofrezzo gives numerous illustrative examples, practical applications, and intuitive analogies. There are many instructive exercises with answers to the odd-numbered questions at the back. The exercises range from routine computations to proofs of theorems that extend the theory of the subject. Originally written for a series concerned with the mathematical training of teachers, and tested with hundreds of college students, this book can be used as a class or supplementary text for enrichments programs at the high school level, a one-semester college course, individual study, or for in-service programs.

Theory of Formal Systems

Author: Raymond M. Smullyan

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 1961

Total Pages: 160

ISBN-13: 9780691080475

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This book serves both as a completely self-contained introduction and as an exposition of new results in the field of recursive function theory and its application to formal systems.