Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding, Additive-Free Toilet

Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding, Additive-Free Toilet PDF

Author: Katelyn L. Sellgren

Publisher: RTI Press

Published: 2017-04-25

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13:

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Electrochemical disinfection has gained interest as an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment because of its high effectiveness and environmental compatibility. Two and a half billion people currently live without improved sanitation facilities. Our research efforts are focused on developing and implementing a freestanding, additive-free toilet system that treats and recycles blackwater on site. In this study, we sought to apply electrochemical disinfection to blackwater. We compared commercially available boron-doped diamond (BDD) and mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrodes for disinfection efficiency in E. coli–inoculated model wastewater. The MMO electrodes were found to be more efficient and thus selected for further study with blackwater. The energy required for disinfection by the MMO electrodes increased with the conductivity of the medium, decreased with increased temperature, and was independent of the applied voltage. Fecal contamination considerably increased the energy required for blackwater disinfection compared to model wastewater, demonstrating the need for testing in effluents representing the conditions of the final application.

Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding, Additive-free Toilet

Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding, Additive-free Toilet PDF

Author: Katelyn Sellgren

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK →

Electrochemical disinfection has gained interest as an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment because of its high effectiveness and environmental compatibility. Two and a half billion people currently live without improved sanitation facilities. Our research efforts are focused on developing and implementing a freestanding, additive-free toilet system that treats and recycles blackwater on site. In this study, we sought to apply electrochemical disinfection to blackwater. We compared commercially available boron-doped diamond (BDD) and mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrodes for disinfection efficiency in E. coli-inoculated model wastewater. The MMO electrodes were found to be more efficient and thus selected for further study with blackwater. The energy required for disinfection by the MMO electrodes increased with the conductivity of the medium, decreased with increased temperature, and was independent of the applied voltage. Fecal contamination considerably increased the energy required for blackwater disinfection compared to model wastewater, demonstrating the need for testing in effluents representing the conditions of the final application.

Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding Additive-free Toilet /c Katelyn L. Sellgren, Christopher W. Gregory, Michael I. Hunt, Ashkay S. Raut, Brain T. Hawkins, Cahrles B. Parker, Ethan J.D. Klem, Jeffrey R. Piascik, and Brian R. Stoner

Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding Additive-free Toilet /c Katelyn L. Sellgren, Christopher W. Gregory, Michael I. Hunt, Ashkay S. Raut, Brain T. Hawkins, Cahrles B. Parker, Ethan J.D. Klem, Jeffrey R. Piascik, and Brian R. Stoner PDF

Author: Katelyn L. Sellgren

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Electrochemical disinfection has gained interest as an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment because of its high effectiveness and environmental compatibility. Two and a half billion people currently live without improved sanitation facilities. Our research efforts are focused on developing and implementing a freestanding, additive-free toilet system that treats and recycles blackwater on site. In this study, we sought to apply electrochemical disinfection to blackwater. We compared commercially available boron-doped diamond (BDD) and mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrodes for disinfection efficiency in E. coli–inoculated model wastewater. The MMO electrodes were found to be more efficient and thus selected for further study with blackwater. The energy required for disinfection by the MMO electrodes increased with the conductivity of the medium, decreased with increased temperature, and was independent of the applied voltage. Fecal contamination considerably increased the energy required for blackwater disinfection compared to model wastewater, demonstrating the need for testing in effluents representing the conditions of the final application.

Diamond Electrochemistry

Diamond Electrochemistry PDF

Author: Akira Fujishima

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 616

ISBN-13: 9780444519085

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Provides an overview of research in Diamond Electrochemistry, as well as practical applications of diamond electrodes. With chapters written by experts in their respective fields, this book serves as a useful source of information for electrochemists working in physical or analytical chemistry.

Strategies for Sustainable Architecture

Strategies for Sustainable Architecture PDF

Author: Paola Sassi

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2006-09-27

Total Pages: 880

ISBN-13: 1134295367

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Filling a gap in existing literature on sustainable design, this new guide introduces and illustrates sustainable design principles through detailed case studies of sustainable buildings in Europe, North America and Australia. The guide will provide the reader with a deeper understanding of the design issues involved in delivering sustainable buildings, and giving detailed description of the process of integrating principles into practice. Approximately one hundred case studies of sixty buildings, ranging from small dwellings to large commercial buildings, and drawn from a range of countries, demonstrate best current practice. The sections of the book are divided into design issues relating to sustainable development, including site and ecology, community and culture, health, materials, energy and water. With over 400 illustrations, this highly visual guide will be an invaluable reference to all those concerned with architecture and sustainability issues.

Building Systems for Interior Designers

Building Systems for Interior Designers PDF

Author: Corky Binggeli

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-10-11

Total Pages: 905

ISBN-13: 1118174321

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Building Systems for interior designers Second Edition Corky Binggeli, asid The updated guide to technical building systems for interior designers As integral members of the building design team, interior designers share an increasingly complex and crucial role. Now revised in its second edition, Building Systems for Interior Designers remains the one go-to resource that addresses the special concerns of the interior designer within the broader context of the rest of the building design team. Building Systems for Interior Designers, Second Edition explains technical building systems and engineering issues in a clear and accessible way to interior designers. Covering systems from HVAC to water and waste to lighting, transportation, and safety, author Corky Binggeli enables interior designers to communicate more effectively with architects, engineers, and contractors; collaborate effectively on projects; and contribute to more accurate solutions for a broad range of building considerations. Among the many improvements in the Second Edition are: A deeper engagement with sustainable building design, giving the interior designer the resources needed to participate as part of a sustainable design team A reshaped structure that enhances the reader's understanding of the material Many more illustrations and explanatory captions With a host of features to make the book more up to date, easier to use, and more effective as an instructive guide, Building Systems for Interior Designers, Second Edition is a valuable book for students as well as a practical desktop reference for professionals.

Greywater Reuse

Greywater Reuse PDF

Author: Amit Gross

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2015-03-26

Total Pages: 299

ISBN-13: 1482255057

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Greywater Reuse examines the features and implications of greywater reuse scientifically, quantitatively, and thoroughly. Based on the authors' extensive studies of treatment facilities in urban and rural environments, development of greywater treatment systems, and research of potential environmental and health risks posed by greywater at differen

The United Nations world water development report 2019

The United Nations world water development report 2019 PDF

Author: WWAP

Publisher: UNESCO Publishing

Published: 2019-03-19

Total Pages: 202

ISBN-13: 9231003097

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Access to water and sanitation is internationally recognized human right. Yet more than t wo billion people lack even the most basic of services. The latest United Nations World Water Development Report, Leaving No One Behind, explores the symptoms of exclusion and investigates ways to overcome inequalities.

Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment

Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment PDF

Author: Rouzbeh Abbassi

Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Published: 2020-04-27

Total Pages: 390

ISBN-13: 0128174935

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Current wastewater treatment technologies are not sustainable simply due to their high operational costs and process inefficiency. Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment is intended for professionals who are searching for an innovative method to improve the efficiencies of wastewater treatment processes by exploiting the potential of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) technology. The book is broadly divided into four sections. It begins with an overview of the "state of the art" bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) as well as the fundamentals of MFC technology and its potential to enhance wastewater treatment efficiencies and reduce electricity generation cost. In section two, discusses the integration, installation, and optimization of MFC into conventional wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge process, lagoons, constructed wetlands, and membrane bioreactors. Section three outlines integrations of MFCs into other wastewater processes. The final section provides explorative studies of MFC integrated systems for large scale wastewater treatment and the challenges which are inherent in the upscaling process. Clearly describes the latest techniques for integrating MFC into traditional wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge process, lagoons, constructed wetlands, and membrane bioreactors Discusses the fundamentals of bioelectrochemical systems for degrading the contaminants from the municipal and industrial wastewater Covers methods for the optimization of integrated systems

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