Decoding Neural Circuit Structure and Function

Decoding Neural Circuit Structure and Function PDF

Author: Arzu Çelik

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-07-24

Total Pages: 518

ISBN-13: 3319573632

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This book offers representative examples from fly and mouse models to illustrate the ongoing success of the synergistic, state-of-the-art strategy, focusing on the ways it enhances our understanding of sensory processing. The authors focus on sensory systems (vision, olfaction), which are particularly powerful models for probing the development, connectivity, and function of neural circuits, to answer this question: How do individual nerve cells functionally cooperate to guide behavioral responses? Two genetically tractable species, mice and flies, together significantly further our understanding of these processes. Current efforts focus on integrating knowledge gained from three interrelated fields of research: (1) understanding how the fates of different cell types are specified during development, (2) revealing the synaptic connections between identified cell types (“connectomics”) using high-resolution three-dimensional circuit anatomy, and (3) causal testing of how iden tified circuit elements contribute to visual perception and behavior.

Development of Neural Circuitry

Development of Neural Circuitry PDF

Author:

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2009-05-07

Total Pages: 253

ISBN-13: 0080922619

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The nervous system is highly complex both in its structural order and in its ability to perform the many functions required for survival and interaction with the environment; understanding how it develops has proven to be one of the greatest challenges in biology. Such precision demands that key events at every developmental stage are executed properly and are coordinated to produce the circuitry underlying each of the adult nervous system's functions. This volume describes the latest research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neural circuitry development, while providing researchers with a one-stop overview and synthesis of contemporary thought in the area. Reviews current research findings on the development of neural circuitry, providing researchers with an overview and synthesis of the latest contemporary thought in the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of neural circuitry Includes chapters discussing topics such as the guidance of nerve growth and the formation of plasticity of synapses, helping researchers better understand underlying mechanisms of neural circuit development and maintenance that may play a role in such human diseases/conditions as depression, anxiety, and pain Chapters make use of a variety of human and animal models, allowing researchers to compare and contrast neural circuitry development across a wide spectrum of models

Principles of Neural Coding

Principles of Neural Coding PDF

Author: Rodrigo Quian Quiroga

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2013-05-06

Total Pages: 643

ISBN-13: 1439853304

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Understanding how populations of neurons encode information is the challenge faced by researchers in the field of neural coding. Focusing on the many mysteries and marvels of the mind has prompted a prominent team of experts in the field to put their heads together and fire up a book on the subject. Simply titled Principles of Neural Coding, this book covers the complexities of this discipline. It centers on some of the major developments in this area and presents a complete assessment of how neurons in the brain encode information. The book collaborators contribute various chapters that describe results in different systems (visual, auditory, somatosensory perception, etc.) and different species (monkeys, rats, humans, etc). Concentrating on the recording and analysis of the firing of single and multiple neurons, and the analysis and recording of other integrative measures of network activity and network states—such as local field potentials or current source densities—is the basis of the introductory chapters. Provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach Describes topics of interest to a wide range of researchers The book then moves forward with the description of the principles of neural coding for different functions and in different species and concludes with theoretical and modeling works describing how information processing functions are implemented. The text not only contains the most important experimental findings, but gives an overview of the main methodological aspects for studying neural coding. In addition, the book describes alternative approaches based on simulations with neural networks and in silico modeling in this highly interdisciplinary topic. It can serve as an important reference to students and professionals.

Frontiers of Engineering

Frontiers of Engineering PDF

Author: National Academy of Engineering

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2018-02-22

Total Pages: 141

ISBN-13: 0309466016

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This volume presents papers on the topics covered at the National Academy of Engineering's 2017 US Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. Every year the symposium brings together 100 outstanding young leaders in engineering to share their cutting-edge research and innovations in selected areas. The 2017 symposium was held September 25-27 at the United Technologies Research Center in East Hartford, Connecticut. The intent of this book is to convey the excitement of this unique meeting and to highlight innovative developments in engineering research and technical work.

Interpretable Machine Learning

Interpretable Machine Learning PDF

Author: Christoph Molnar

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 0244768528

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This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.

Reconstruction, Identification and Implementation Methods for Spiking Neural Circuits

Reconstruction, Identification and Implementation Methods for Spiking Neural Circuits PDF

Author: Dorian Florescu

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-04-24

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 3319570811

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This work is motivated by the ongoing open question of how information in the outside world is represented and processed by the brain. Consequently, several novel methods are developed. A new mathematical formulation is proposed for the encoding and decoding of analog signals using integrate-and-fire neuron models. Based on this formulation, a novel algorithm, significantly faster than the state-of-the-art method, is proposed for reconstructing the input of the neuron. Two new identification methods are proposed for neural circuits comprising a filter in series with a spiking neuron model. These methods reduce the number of assumptions made by the state-of-the-art identification framework, allowing for a wider range of models of sensory processing circuits to be inferred directly from input-output observations. A third contribution is an algorithm that computes the spike time sequence generated by an integrate-and-fire neuron model in response to the output of a linear filter, given the input of the filter encoded with the same neuron model.

Closing the Loop Around Neural Systems

Closing the Loop Around Neural Systems PDF

Author: Steve M Potter

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2014-12-03

Total Pages: 424

ISBN-13: 288919356X

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Closed-loop neurophysiology has been accelerated by recent software and hardware developments and by the emergence of novel tools to control neuronal activity with spatial and temporal precision, in which stimuli are delivered in real time based on recordings or behavior. Real-time stimulation feedback enables a wide range of innovative studies of information processing and plasticity in neuronal networks. This Research Topic e-Book comprises 16 Original Research Articles, seven Methods Articles, and seven Reviews, Mini- Reviews, and Perspectives, all peer-reviewed and published in Frontiers in Neural Circuits. The contributions deal with closed loop neurophysiology experiments at a variety of levels of neural circuit complexity. Some include modeling and theoretical analyses. New enabling technologies and techniques are described. Novel work is presented from experiments in vitro, in vivo, and in humans, along with their clinical and technological implications for improving the human condition.

Neuronal Ensembles

Neuronal Ensembles PDF

Author: Howard B. Eichenbaum

Publisher: Wiley-Liss

Published: 1998-04-13

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13:

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The distributed coding hypothesis —the view that complex cognitive functions such as visual perception or memory formation are the work of large networks of neurons in areas of the cerebral cortex —is widely accepted in contemporary neuroscience. Yet only in recent years have tools emerged that can monitor the electrophysiological activity of neuron ensembles in the cortical areas of awake, behaving animals. The use of these multichannel recording techniques in biological network analysis is changing the way scientists view brain function. These methods also offer the possibility of a direct test of the distributed coding hypothesis. Neuronal Ensembles: Strategies for Recording and Decoding presents a comprehensive treatment of multichannel recording techniques —how to apply them and how to analyze the vast amounts of data they generate. Composed of contributions by leading neuroscientists at the forefront of this technology, the book covers groundbreaking work in multichannel microelectrode technology, analyses of single neuron spike trains, and ensemble analysis of cell populations. The authors outline established techniques, offer practical tips on developing new methods, and share their ideas for further brain research. Topics covered include: Extracellular recording and analysis of neural activity The relationship between neuronal codes and cortical organization Cell assemblies and cognitive function Neuronal population coding Motor cortical information processing Detection and identification of ensemble codes in the motor cortex Ensemble recordings and the nature of stimulus representation in hippocampal cognitive maps Methods, results, and issues related to recording neural ensembles Neuronal ensemble dynamics in the hippocampus and neocortex during sleep and waking Behavioral, electrophysiological, and genetic approaches to the study of synaptic plasticity and memory Neuronal Ensembles: Strategies for Recording and Decoding is an important reference for researchers, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows in all areas of neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, and bioengineering.

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