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Death Squads or Self-Defense Forces?

Author: Julie Mazzei

Publisher: Univ of North Carolina Press

Published: 2009-09-01

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 9780807898611

In an era when the global community is confronted with challenges posed by violent nonstate organizations--from FARC in Colombia to the Taliban in Afghanistan--our understanding of the nature and emergence of these groups takes on heightened importance. Julie Mazzei's timely study offers a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics that facilitate the organization and mobilization of one of the most virulent types of these organizations, paramilitary groups (PMGs). Mazzei reconstructs in rich historical context the organization of PMGs in Colombia, El Salvador, and Mexico, identifying the variables that together create a triad of factors enabling paramilitary emergence: ambivalent state officials, powerful military personnel, and privileged members of the economic elite. Nations embroiled in domestic conflicts often find themselves stuck between a rock and a hard place when global demands for human rights contradict internal expectations and demands for political stability. Mazzei elucidates the importance of such circumstances in the emergence of PMGs, exploring the roles played by interests and policies at both the domestic and international levels. By offering an explanatory model of paramilitary emergence, Mazzei provides a framework to facilitate more effective policy making aimed at mitigating and undermining the political potency of these dangerous forces.

Hitler's Death Squads

Author: Helmut Langerbein

Publisher: Texas A&M University Press

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 9781585442850

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"After the war, the German government investigated 1,770 former Einsatzgruppen members and brought 136 of these men to trial. Helmut Langerbein has systematically examined the trial evidence in search of characteristics shared by these mass murderers. Using a much broader data base than earlier studies, Langerbein identifies a number of factors that could explain their actions, illustrating each with a particular person or group of officers." "Given the extent of its data, its detailed analysis and its careful conclusions, Hitler's Death Squads: The Logic of Mass Murder will push historians and psychologists toward a reappraisal of the Nazi killing machine, the behavior of the men behind the battle lines, and the overwhelming power of circumstances."--Jacket.

Death Squads in Global Perspective

Author: B. Campbell

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2002-10-17

Total Pages: 364

ISBN-13: 0230108148

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Death squads have become an increasingly common feature of the modern world. In nearly all instances, their establishment is tolerated, encouraged, or undertaken by the state itself, which thereby risks its monopoly on the use of force, one of the fundamental characteristics of modern states. Why do such a variety of regimes, under very different circumstances, condone such activity? Death Squads in Global Perspective hopes to answer that question and explain not only their development, but also why they can be expected to proliferate in the early 21st century.

Death Squad

Author: Alan Hebden

Publisher: Rebellion

Published: 2020-08-18

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13: 9781781087688

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An all-out all-action, complete-in-one brutal war story from the pages of the classic war comic, Battle, hugely influential on Preacher and The Boys creator Garth Ennis. Meet the deadliest band of fighters on the Eastern Front! During world War Two the Eastern Front was hell on Earth. German Punishment Battalions were thrown into the thick of the conflict where they were expected to fight well and die hard. In these harshest of conditions only the strongest warriors survived. Enter the Death Squad – Grandad, Swede, Licker, Gus and Frankie. Alone they were failures and outcasts, but together they were one of the most formidable combat units the Russians ever faced!

SS Einsatzgruppen

Author: Gerry van Tonder

Publisher: Pen and Sword

Published: 2018-04-30

Total Pages: 172

ISBN-13: 1526729105

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“Provides important details about the Einsatzgruppen’s leadership . . . Numerous photographs illustrate the text. A grim read, but a necessary one.” —The Washington Times In June 1941, Adolf Hitler, whose loathing of Slavs and Jewish Bolsheviks knew no bounds, launched Operation Barbarossa, throwing four million troops, supported by tanks, artillery and aircraft into the Soviet Union. Operational groups of the German Security Service, SD, followed into the Baltic and the Black Sea areas. Their orders: neutralize elements hostile to Nazi domination. Combined SS and SD headquarters were set throughout Eastern Europe, each with subordinate units of the SD, the Einsatzgruppen, and lower echelons of Einsatzkommandos. Communist and Soviet federal agents were targeted, and from August 1941 to March 1943, 4,000 Soviet and communist agents were arrested and executed. In addition, far greater numbers of partisans and communists were shot to ensure political and ethnic purity in the occupied territories. In the early stages of the operation, Einsatzgruppe A, under Adolf Eichmann, executed 29,000 people listed as Jews or mostly Jews in Latvia and Lithuania. In the Einsatzgruppe C report for September 1941, 50,000 executions are foreseen in Kiev. In five months in 1941, Einsatzkommando III commander, Karl Jger, reported killing 138,272, 34,464 of them were children. The Einsatzgruppen were death squads, their tools the rifle, the pistol and the machine gun. It is estimated that the Einsatzgruppen executed more than 2 million people between 1941 and 1945, including 1.3 million Jews. Drawing on translated memos, operational reports from the field as well as other primary and secondary sources, historian Gerry van Tonder provides a comprehensive look at one of the darkest periods of human history.

Death Squad

Author: Jenny Dooley

Publisher:

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13: 9781843250579

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Commander Maxwell looked at the screen in silence. What he saw was a spaceship - about half a mile long, with what appeared to be a tiny control cabin at the front...

Death Squad

Author: Don Pendleton

Publisher: Open Road Media

Published: 2014-12-16

Total Pages: 168

ISBN-13: 1497685559

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“Action adventure icon” Mack Bolan, aka the Executioner, is back—and this time he’s got backup (Los Angeles Times). After Mafia pressure destroyed his family, ace sniper Mack Bolan left the jungles of Southeast Asia to declare a new war on the home front. A one-man army, he wiped out the mob in his Massachusetts hometown. That was just the beginning. Hunted by the police, tracked by the FBI, and carrying a price on his head, Bolan is on the move. After crossing paths with an old war buddy in Los Angeles, the Executioner devises a plan. He’s going to round up the best sharpshooters, scouts, demo experts, and hard-core killers, and clean up the West Coast. Ten ruthless soldiers in all, forged in the fires of Vietnam . . . The Executioner’s own Death Squad. When Don Pendleton created Mack Bolan, the iconic vigilante action hero “who would make Jack Reacher think twice,” he established nothing less than a publishing landmark (Empireonline.com). With more than two hundred million Executioner books sold to date, its influence on the action genre is still being felt. In cocreating his Marvel Comics avenger, The Punisher, Gerry Conway admits: “I was fascinated by the Don Pendleton Executioner character . . . I wanted to do something that was inspired by that.” Now in development as a major motion picture, the Executioner series lives on. Death Squad is the 2nd book in the Executioner series, but you may enjoy reading the series in any order.

Jallad

Author: Tasneem Khalil

Publisher: Pluto Press (UK)

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780745335704

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Throughout South Asia, people live in fear of death squads, from the Rapid Action Battalion of Bangladesh to the "encounter specialists" of India, army units in Nepal, the Frontier Corps of Pakistan, and the "men in white vans" of Sri Lanka. Their tools are disappearance, torture, and summary execution, and their supporters, Tasneem Khalil shows in Jallad, are the governments of these nations--and their patrons, like the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and Israel. An unsparing indictment of an international system of terror that is fully countenanced by the West, Jallad presents close-up, detailed accounts of incidents of state terror and targeted violence throughout South Asia. Khalil, a reporter who himself endured torture at the hands of agents in Bangladesh, and whose remarkable story was featured in the New York Times, draws on countless hours of on-the-ground reporting and a broad network of activists and human rights advocates to build an undeniable portrait of the domination and repression that lies at the very core of statecraft in South Asia. Shielded by their protectors in the developed world, the perpetrators of these abuses deploy them strategically to silence dissent and crush opposition. A brave, essential work of reporting and investigation, Jallad brings these horrific acts to prominence in order to make it impossible for Western governments to continue turning a blind eye to the human rights violations of their erstwhile allies.

Trade Unionists Against Terror

Author: Deborah Levenson-Estrada

Publisher: UNC Press Books

Published: 2014-02-01

Total Pages: 305

ISBN-13: 1469616351

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Deborah Levenson-Estrada provides the first comprehensive analysis of how urban labor unions took shape in Guatemala under conditions of state terrorism. In Trade Unionists against Terror, she explores how workers made sense of their struggle for rights in the face of death squads and other forms of violent opposition from the state. Levenson-Estrada focuses especially on the case of 400 workers at the Coca-Cola bottling plant in Guatemala City, who, in order to protect their union, successfully occupied the factory for over a year beginning in 1984 while the country was under a state of siege. According to Levenson-Estrada, religion provided the language of resistance, and workers who were engaged in what seemed to be a dead-end battle constructed an identity for themselves as powerful agents of change. Based on oral histories as well as documentary sources, Trade Unionists against Terror also illuminates complex relationships between urban popular culture, gender, family, and workplace activism in Guatemala.