Contemporary Challenges in Immunologic Testing in Clinical and Research Laboratories

Contemporary Challenges in Immunologic Testing in Clinical and Research Laboratories PDF

Author: Pablo Engel

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2023-08-24

Total Pages: 343

ISBN-13: 2832532144

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Along the last several decades, it has been progressively appreciated that immunology plays an overwhelming role in the physiology and pathophysiology of most organs, tissues, and biological systems in multicellular organisms. Accordingly, several immunological parameters are used in research and clinical laboratories with the purpose of investigating, diagnosing, and monitoring a variety of pathological conditions. The rapidly evolving field of laboratory testing in immunology poses several challenges to professionals working in research and clinical laboratories, medical practice, educational activities, in vitro diagnostic industry, and regulatory agencies. Regular analytes, such as albumin, glucose, and insulin, are homogeneous among individuals of the same species. This property represents an advantage when it comes to optimize the determination methods as well as to establish standardization and quality assessment strategies. In contrast, several immunologic analytes present tremendous variability across individuals in the same species. In fact, some are unique at the individual level. For example, the repertoire of immunoglobulins specific for a given pathogen (e.g., rubella) is specific for each individual in terms of the balance of targeted antigens and epitopes, immunoglobulin isotypes, antibody avidity, Fc glycosylation rate, and so on. As a corollary, the panel of anti-rubella antibodies is necessarily different from one to other individual. This also applies to autoantibodies and to IgE to allergens. Polymorphism is prevalent for other immunologic parameters, such as Complement components, cell receptors (cluster differentiation molecules - CD) and downstream signal transduction mediators.

Clinical Immunology

Clinical Immunology PDF

Author: Catherine Sheehan

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 432

ISBN-13:

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Introducing clinical immunology, this text offers detailed instruction in immunobiology, lab methods and clinical serology, and is divided into three sections, covering the whole scope of clinical immunology. Coverage includes: immune reactions by the human host in response to a challenge; fundamental mechanisms of the immune system; antigens and antibodies and their interaction in serologic testing; the principles of "in vitro" serologic reactions and the sources of error and quality control in testing; and immunologic diseases in which measurement of an immune product or reaction is a significant tool for diagnosing or monitoring the disease. Features new to this edition include: chapter outlines; learning objectives; colour plates; review questions; and case studies. New chapters highlight: nucleic acid probes and blotting techniques; spriochetal infection and serology; Burrelia Burgdorfei infections and serology; and transplantations.

The Present and Future of Immunology Education

The Present and Future of Immunology Education PDF

Author: Andrea Bottaro

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2022-01-24

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13: 2889669483

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The explosion of basic and applied immunology in the first decades of the 21st century has brought forth new opportunities and challenges for immunology education at all academic levels, from professional to undergraduate, medical, graduate and post-graduate instruction. Moreover, developing methods and techniques for educating general audiences on the importance and benefits of immunology will be critical for increasing public awareness and support. One major immediate challenge consists in accommodating, within the confines of traditional immunology curricula, a body of knowledge that continues to grow exponentially in both size and complexity. Furthermore, the practical toolbox of immunological research has vastly expanded, and even in the present environment of highly interdisciplinary and collaborative science, future immunologists will likely need to be at least conversant in, for instance, computational, structural and system biology, nanotechnology and tissue engineering. At the same time, our perspective of the immune system has progressively developed from primarily a host defense mechanism to a fundamental homeostatic system with organism-wide physiological and clinical significance, and with potentially transformative biotechnological and therapeutic applications. As a consequence, in addition to stand-alone courses, immunology is increasingly integrated into other courses, or distributed longitudinally, throughout a multi-year curriculum. This necessitates inter-disciplinary approaches to reach an expanding range of disciplines, as diverse as neurobiology, cancer biology/ oncology, infectious diseases, pharmacology, orthopedics and bioengineering. Creative approaches and pedagogical flexibility will be needed to avoid the pitfall of “one-size-fits-all” instruction, and to tailor level- and discipline-appropriate content to different types of students using multiple teaching formats. Finally, like most other disciplines, immunology education is also under strong pressure to introduce new didactic strategies that are relevant and meaningful to a generation of students who are “digital natives”, comfortable with and expect on-demand and multi-modal learning, diversified sources, and active engagement. Thankfully, the dynamic and interactive behavior of immune system cells, now visualized with striking immediacy by in vivo imaging, has the ability to capture and hold the interest of even the most jaded learner. The need for an increasingly immunology-knowledgeable workforce – not just academic and industry scientists, but also clinical and research lab technicians, biomedical engineers, and physicians in a growing array of specialties - will also expand job opportunities for immunologists as educators, and for content creators dedicated to generating new didactic tools in this field. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the initiation and support of this Research Topic by the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS).

Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology

Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology PDF

Author: Barbara Detrick

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2020-07-16

Total Pages: 1240

ISBN-13: 1555818722

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THE authoritative guide for clinical laboratory immunology For over 40 years the Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology has served as the premier guide for the clinical immunology laboratory. From basic serology testing to the present wide range of molecular analyses, the Manual has reflected the exponential growth in the field of immunology over the past decades. This eighth edition reflects the latest advances and developments in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with infectious and immune-mediated disorders. The Manual features detailed descriptions of general and specific methodologies, placing special focus on the interpretation of laboratory findings, and covers the immunology of infectious diseases, including specific pathogens, as well as the full range of autoimmune and immunodeficiency diseases, cancer, and transplantation. Written to guide the laboratory director, the Manual will also appeal to other laboratory scientists, especially those working in clinical immunology laboratories, and pathologists. It is also a useful reference for physicians, mid-level providers, medical students, and allied health students with an interest in the role that immunology plays in the clinical laboratory.

Scientific Foundations of Ophthalmology

Scientific Foundations of Ophthalmology PDF

Author: Edward S. Perkins

Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 352

ISBN-13: 1483281302

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Scientific Foundations of Ophthalmology focuses on scientific grounds of ophthalmology, including anatomy, genetics, pathology, and epidemiology of blindness and blinding diseases. The selection first offers information on aqueous outflow pathway in vertebrate eyes; retinal receptors and pigment epithelium; and vascular supply of the optic disc. Discussions focus on glaucomatous cupping of the optic disc, venous drainage, receptor synapses, outer plexiform layer, primates, and lower mammals. The book then ponders on anatomical and neurophysiological review of cerebral control of ocular movements and the structure and transparency of the cornea. The publication elaborates on the biochemistry of lens, regulation of retinal blood flow, and biochemical basis of toxic amblyopias. The text also takes a look at the hereditary aspects of glaucoma, inborn errors of metabolism, retinal dystrophies, and gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina with hyperornithinaemia. Vitreoretinal degenerations in myopia, retinitis pigmentosa, albinism, lens dislocation, and storage disorders involving complex lipids and carbohydrates are discussed. The selection is highly recommended for ophthalmologists and readers interested in ophthalmology.

Clinical Immunology E-Book

Clinical Immunology E-Book PDF

Author: Robert R. Rich

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2012-10-26

Total Pages: 1324

ISBN-13: 0723437106

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Offer your patients the best possible care with clear, reliable guidance from one of the most respected and trusted resources in immunology. Authoritative answers from internationally renowned leaders in the field equip you with peerless advice and global best practices to enhance your diagnosis and management of a full range of immunologic problems. Depend on authoritative information from leading experts in the field who equip you with peerless advice and global best practices to enhance your diagnosis and management of a full range of immunologic problems. Focus on the information that’s most relevant to your daily practice through a highly clinical focus and an extremely practical organization that expedites access to the answers you need. Stay at the forefront of your field with cutting-edge coverage of the human genome project, immune-modifier drugs, and many other vital.

Immunology Laboratory Testing,An Issue of the Clinics in Laboratory Medicine

Immunology Laboratory Testing,An Issue of the Clinics in Laboratory Medicine PDF

Author: Vinay Subash Mahajan

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2019-11-02

Total Pages: 240

ISBN-13: 0323711588

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This issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, guest edited by Dr. Vinay Subhash Mahajan, will focus on Immunology Laboratory Testing. Topics include, but are not limited to, Analysis of proteins and immunoglobulins in the clinical immunology laboratory; Antinuclear antibody tests; Serological diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis; ANCA; Anti-phospholipid antibodies; Diagnostic pitfalls in autoantibody testing; Analysis of the complement pathway; Flow cytometric analysis of immune cell subsets; Testing of cellular immune function in immunodeficiencies; Food allergy testing; Evaluation of the immune response in transplantation; Laboratory testing in the context of biologics and cellular therapies; Testing immune-related adverse-events in cancer immunotherapy; Molecular diagnosis of inherited immune disorders; and Future of immunology lab testing.