Conquer Logical Fallacies

Conquer Logical Fallacies PDF

Author: Thinknetic

Publisher: Independently Published

Published: 2021-06-07

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13:

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If you don't know who to trust, keep making stupid mistakes, and question your own judgement... Then keep reading Why do employers judge candidates on the first impression they make, even though they know it's wrong and often misleading? Why do people smoke, drink to excess, and eat things they know are bad for them? How do normally intelligent people wind up believing fake news stories? To find out, let's take a trip back in time to Victorian England. A famous story from the Victorian days is that women had to wear corsets. It's debated how commonplace corsets actually were, but they squeezed a woman's body like a snake - making the waist look smaller. Corsets worked - but they were so tight, they caused internal damage to women. They also caused a woman's lower back to atrophy. In fact, corsets were so restricting that women often fainted wearing them! But here's the kicker... Fainting from wearing a corset was actually considered to be a good thing! It was thought to be a sign of good breeding. Or so the story goes. Historians debate how often corsets were actually used. But they're a testament to the power of a cognitive fallacy. Poor reasoning, inability to tell facts from fiction and flawed decision-making cause these kinds of fallacies. They're the reason most people never live up to their potential. Even the smartest people in the world are prone to unconscious bias. A Nature.com study in 2015 ("First results from psychology's largest reproducibility test") examined over 100 psychology studies to see if they could be reproduced. Only around a third of the studies could be replicated! Researchers found a full two-thirds of the studies had been skewed by errors or unconscious biases. They couldn't be trusted. It's not that most people are stupid; they just don't know how to see biases and fallacies. That's why we wrote this book. Inside, you'll find: The false beliefs that led to Aztec human sacrifice, and how they're STILL common today The ultra common fallacy you've probably already been exposed to in your DARE class The easy-to-follow five basics steps of critical thinking. Apply them and you'll make every decision with confidence! Rats spread pestilence and plague - but in India, a "Temple of Rats" was constructed because of this false belief How to make yourself "dumb" because smarter people are HARDER to teach! Why you should be skeptical of anyone quoting an authority figure Historic Islamic banking projects, and what they can teach you about false logic Why the supersonic Concorde jet flew so long - even though it was a MASSIVE money loser! ...and much, much more! Conquer Logical Fallacies explains the major cognitive biases and fallacies people encounter. It goes over arguments and how to tell facts from fiction. You might be thinking "Do I really need this?" If you want to build stronger arguments, make more confident decisions, and spot logical errors - then yes. If you have to work with a wide range of other people or analyze information, you'll find this book INVALUABLE. And you might be stunned by how many false biases you're already carrying around. They bleed into your professional and personal life. Do you want to have confidence in your decisions? Then grab this book and upgrade your brain. Scroll up and click "Add to Cart".

Summary of Thinknetic's Conquer Logical Fallacies

Summary of Thinknetic's Conquer Logical Fallacies PDF

Author: Everest Media,

Publisher: Everest Media LLC

Published: 2022-06-10T22:59:00Z

Total Pages: 18

ISBN-13:

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Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Sample Book Insights: #1 Reasoning is the process of making sense. It is the science of correct reasoning, and some would call it a discipline of the mind. With study, observation, and practice, we can acquire that mental discipline to use logic to persuade and convince others effectively. #2 The law of non-contradiction states that contradictory propositions cannot be true at the same time and in the same sense. When two propositions can co-exist, they are not contradictory and do not violate the law of non-contradiction. #3 The fourth law is that for every unexplained fact, a rational mind will seek the reason behind it. A rational mind will not accept any reason that is not sufficient. In the example, the explanation must answer questions like: Why did the stranger want to sell it so quickly. Why at such a low price. #4 An appreciation of logic requires an understanding of the following concepts: claims, inference, and arguments. While proponents use arguments to persuade others, not all arguments are validly structured. Critical thinking is required to recognize and construct valid and sound arguments.

Logically Fallacious

Logically Fallacious PDF

Author: Bo Bennett

Publisher: eBookIt.com

Published: 2012-02-19

Total Pages: 429

ISBN-13: 1456607375

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This book is a crash course in effective reasoning, meant to catapult you into a world where you start to see things how they really are, not how you think they are. The focus of this book is on logical fallacies, which loosely defined, are simply errors in reasoning. With the reading of each page, you can make significant improvements in the way you reason and make decisions. Logically Fallacious is one of the most comprehensive collections of logical fallacies with all original examples and easy to understand descriptions, perfect for educators, debaters, or anyone who wants to improve his or her reasoning skills. "Expose an irrational belief, keep a person rational for a day. Expose irrational thinking, keep a person rational for a lifetime." - Bo Bennett This 2021 Edition includes dozens of more logical fallacies with many updated examples.

How to Win Every Argument

How to Win Every Argument PDF

Author: Madsen Pirie

Publisher: A&C Black

Published: 2006-01-01

Total Pages: 204

ISBN-13: 9780826490063

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Deals with one fallacy, explaining what the fallacy is, giving and analysing an example, outlining when/where/why the particular fallacy tends to occur and finally showing how you can perpetrate the fallacy on other people in order to win an argument.

Conquer Logical Fallacies

Conquer Logical Fallacies PDF

Author: Gavin Houle

Publisher:

Published: 2022-06-10

Total Pages: 104

ISBN-13: 9783986535032

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Why do companies rate applicants based on their initial impression, even when they know it's incorrect and often misleading? Why do individuals smoke, drink excessively, and consume foods that are harmful to their health? How can ordinarily educated individuals come to believe in false news? Let's go back in time to Victorian England to find out. Corsets were required for ladies in Victorian times, according to a well-known anecdote. It's debatable how prevalent corsets were, but they compressed a woman's body like a snake, making her waist seem thinner. Corsets were effective but so tight that they caused internal harm to women. They also induced atrophy in a woman's lower back. Corsets were so constricting that ladies often collapsed while wearing them! But here's the twist... It was thought that fainting while wearing a corset was a good thing! It was seen as a sign of excellent breeding. So goes the narrative. Historians disagree on how often corsets were worn. However, they demonstrate the potency of a cognitive error. These fallacies are caused by poor thinking, an inability to distinguish between reality and fiction, and poor decision-making. They are the reason why most individuals never reach their full potential. Most people aren't ignorant; they simply don't know how to see biases and fallacies. That is why we decided to write this book. You'll find the following inside: The myths that lead to Aztec human sacrifice and how they are still prevalent today Rats transmit illness and plague, yet a "Temple of Rats" was built in India due to this mistaken notion. How to make oneself "stupid" since teaching brighter people is HARDER! Why you should be wary of anybody who quotes an authoritative figure ...And so much more! Do you want to be sure about your decisions? Then get this book and improve your mind. Scroll to the top and click "Add to Cart."

Mastering Logical Fallacies

Mastering Logical Fallacies PDF

Author: Michael Withey

Publisher: Zephyros Press

Published: 2016-06-21

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781623157104

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“If I have learned anything in ten years of formal debating, it is that arguments are no different: without a good understanding of the rules and tactics, you are likely to do poorly and be beaten.”—HENRY ZHANG, President of the Yale Debate Association Your argument is valid and you know it; yet once again you find yourself leaving a debate feeling defeated and embarrassed. The matter is only made worse when you realize that your defeat came at the hands of someone’s abuse of logic—and that with the right skills you could have won the argument. The ability to recognize logical fallacies when they occur is an essential life skill. Mastering Logical Fallacies is the clearest, boldest, and most systematic guide to dominating the rules and tactics of successful arguments. This book offers methodical breakdowns of the logical fallacies behind exceedingly common, yet detrimental, argumentative mistakes, and explores them through real life examples of logic-gone-wrong. Designed for those who are ready to gain the upper hand over their opponents, this master class teaches the necessary skills to identify your opponents’ misuse of logic and construct effective, arguments that win. With the empowering strategies offered in Mastering Logical Fallacies you’ll be able to reveal the slight-of-hand flaws in your challengers’ rhetoric, and seize control of the argument with bulletproof logic.

Informal Logical Fallacies

Informal Logical Fallacies PDF

Author: Jacob E. Van Vleet

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2021-01-28

Total Pages: 135

ISBN-13: 076187254X

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Critical thinking is now needed more than ever. This accessible and engaging book provides the necessary tools to question and challenge the discourse that surrounds us—whether in the media, the classroom, or everyday conversation. Additionally, it offers readers a deeper understanding of the foundations of analytical thought. Informal Logical Fallacies: A Brief Guide is a systematic and concise introduction to more than fifty fallacies, from anthropomorphism and argumentum ad baculum, to reductionism and the slippery slope argument. This revised edition includes updated examples, exercises, and a new chapter on non-Western logical fallacies. With helpful definitions and relevant explanations, the author guides the reader through the realms of fallacious reasoning and deceptive rhetoric. This is an essential guide to philosophical reflection and clear thinking.

Decide and Conquer

Decide and Conquer PDF

Author: Stephen P. Robbins

Publisher: Pearson Education

Published: 2014-10-06

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 0133966879

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Make better decisions – every day, everywhere! Decide and Conquer, Second Edition

Logical Fallacies

Logical Fallacies PDF

Author: B. J. Copeland

Publisher:

Published: 2019-09-26

Total Pages: 120

ISBN-13: 9781695856172

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Logical fallaciesWhat is a Logical Fallacy, Exactly?-------------------All logical fallacies(34)-Examples-Simple Explanation------------------------The word "fallacy" comes from the Latin "fallacia" which means "deception, deceit, trick, artifice," however, a more specific meaning in logic (a logical fallacy) that dates back to the 1550s means "false syllogism, invalid argumentation."An Error in ReasoningOne of the earliest academic discussions of logical fallacies comes from the book Elementary Lessons in Logic: Deductive and Inductive, published by MacMillian and Co. in 1872 where the modern definition of logical fallacies is used: "the modes in which, by neglecting the rules of logic, we often fall into erroneous reasoning." Today, this basic definition is still used, and often abbreviated to just "an error in reasoning." It is not a factual error.The Difference Between Logical Fallacies and Cognitive BiasesIn the early 1970s, two behavioral researchers, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky pioneered the field of behavioral economics through their work with cognitive biases and heuristics, which like logical fallacies, deal with errors in reasoning. The main difference, however, is that logical fallacies require an argument whereas cognitive biases and heuristics (mental shortcuts) refer to our default pattern of thinking. Sometimes there is crossover. Logical fallacies can be the result of a cognitive bias, but having biases (which we all do) does not mean that we have to commit logical fallacies. Consider the bandwagon effect, a cognitive bias that demonstrates the tendency to believe things because many other people believe them. This cognitive bias can be found in the logical fallacy, appeal to popularity.Everybody is doing X.Therefore, X must be the right thing to do.The cognitive bias is the main reason we commit this fallacy. However, if we just started working at a soup kitchen because all of our friends were working there, this wouldn't be a logical fallacy, although the bandwagon effect would be behind our behavior. The appeal to popularity is a fallacy because it applies to an argument.I would say that more often than not, cognitive biases do not lead to logical fallacies. This is because cognitive biases are largely unconscious processes that bypass reason, and the mere exercise of consciously evaluating an argument often causes us to counteract the bias.Factual Errors are Not Logical FallaciesTo illustrate this point, let's consider the availability heuristic, a cognitive bias that describes the tendency for one to overestimate the likelihood of more salient events, usually the result of how recent the memories are or how unusual or emotionally charged they may be. This bias can be demonstrated in believing that you are more likely to die in a plane crash than an automobile accident because of all the plane crashes you see in the news. As a result of this bias, one might argue: Plane crashes kill more people than automobile accidents. Therefore, it is safer to drive in a car than fly in a plane.This is not fallacious; it's factually incorrect. If it were true that plane crashes kill more people than automobile accidents, the conclusion would be reasonable. The argument itself does not contain flawed reasoning; it contains incorrect information. While we can say the reasoning behind the argument was fallacious, there is no logical fallacy present in the argument. Similarly, if I told you that the sun was about 30 miles from the earth and the size of a football stadium, I would not be committing a fallacy-but I would be a moron. Factual errors are not fallacies........