Compound Words in English: Vocabulary Building

Compound Words in English: Vocabulary Building PDF

Author: Manik Joshi

Publisher: Manik Joshi

Published: 2014-10-25

Total Pages: 130

ISBN-13:

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What are “Compound Words”? A compound word consists of two or more base words. The meaning of Compound words is often different from the separate base words. Compound Words and Parts of Speech Compound words are mostly nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Kinds of Compound Words Compound words are of three types: (A). Closed Compound Words: Words are joined together. There is no space or hyphen between the words. Examples: firefly / softball / redhead / keyboard / makeup / notebook (B). Hyphenated Compound Words: Words are joined together by a hyphen. Examples: daughter-in-law / over-the-counter / six-year-old (C). Open Compound Words: Words are not joined together. Words are open or separate. In other words, there is a space between the words. Examples: post office / real estate / full moon / half sister Some general rules regarding the use of hyphens:- Compound Adjectives are often hyphenated. If a compound adjective precedes a noun, they are hyphenated Examples: low-paying job [low- paying is a compound adjective; job is a noun] easy-going celebrity [easy-going is a compound adjective; celebrity is a noun] Adverbs that end in –ly and compounded with another modifier are generally not hyphenated: Examples: deeply held beliefs genetically modified foods highly placed sources quietly organized meeting ALSO NOTE: 1. Some compound words may have more than one form but these forms may belong to different parts of speech. Examples: bread and butter [open form] [noun] bread-and-butter [closed form] [adjective] charge sheet [open form][noun] chargesheet [closed form] [verb] fast track [open form] [noun] fast-track [hyphenated form] [adjective, verb] first degree [open form] [noun] first-degree [hyphenated form] [adjective] full time [open form] [noun] full-time [hyphenated form] [adjective, adverb] gift wrap [open form] [noun] gift-wrap [hyphenated form] [verb] hard core [open form] [noun] hard-core [hyphenated form] [adjective] hard line [open form] [noun] hard-line [hyphenated form] [adjective] road test [open form] [noun] road-test [hyphenated form] [verb] second hand [open form] [noun] second-home [hyphenated form] [adjective] 2. Some compound words which are hyphenated in American English are not hyphenated in British English. Example: cash-back [American English]; cashback [British English] 3. Compound words are mainly formed in the following ways: (a). adjective + adjective [example: bittersweet] (b). adjective + noun [example: blackboard] (c). adjective + verb [example: broadcast] (d). adjective + past participle [example: cold-blooded] (e). adjective + present participle [example: free-standing] (f). adverb (or preposition) + adjective [example: ingrown] (g). adverb (or preposition) + noun [example: afterlife] (h). adverb (or preposition) + verb [example: cutback] (i). adverb + past participle [example: brightly lit] (j). adverb + present participle [example: long-lasting] (k). noun + adjective [example: blood red] (l). noun + adverb (or preposition) [example: hanger-on] (m). noun + noun [example: airman] (n). noun + verb [example: air-condition] (o). noun + past participle [example: sun-dried] (p). verb + adverb (or preposition) [example: breakdown] (q). verb + noun [example: bathroom] (r). gerund + noun [example: bleaching powder] (s). noun + gerund [example: air-conditioning] A detailed list of Compound words in Alphabetical Order. [All compound words have been grouped according to the parts of speech they belong to.)

Jumpstarters for Vocabulary Building, Grades 4 - 8

Jumpstarters for Vocabulary Building, Grades 4 - 8 PDF

Author: Cindy Barden

Publisher: Mark Twain Media

Published: 2008-09-02

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13: 1580377424

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Advance student vocabulary using Jumpstarters for Vocabulary: Short Daily Warm-Ups for the Classroom for grades 4 and up! This 48-page resource covers dictionary skills, confusing words, homophones, antonyms, synonyms, words from mythology, and foreign words and phrases. It includes five warm-ups per reproducible page, answer keys, and suggestions for use.

Building Vocabulary: Level 2 Kit

Building Vocabulary: Level 2 Kit PDF

Author: Timothy Rasinski, Nancy Padak, Rick M. Newton, and Evangeline Newton

Publisher: Teacher Created Materials

Published: 2009-08-31

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 9781433317323

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Building Vocabulary provides a systematic approach to teaching vocabulary using Greek and Latin prefixes, bases, and suffixes. Over 90% of English words of two or more syllables are of Greek or Latin origin. Instead of learning words and definitions in isolation, students learn key roots and strategies for deciphering words and their meanings across all content areas. Building Vocabulary: Foundations for grades 1-2, empowers beginning readers to learn words by identifying word parts or word families that share common sounds. Students will build vocabulary through the use of poetry, word endings, and simple roots. Building Vocabulary: Foundations: Level 2 kit includes: Teacher's Guide; Student Guided Practice Book (Each kit includes a single copy; additional copies may be ordered in quantities of 10 or more); Assessments to support data-driven instruction; and Digital resources including modeled lessons, 50 bonus activities, and more.

Greek and Latin Roots: Keys to Building Vocabulary

Greek and Latin Roots: Keys to Building Vocabulary PDF

Author: Rasinski, Timothy

Publisher: Shell Education

Published: 2017-03-01

Total Pages: 265

ISBN-13: 1618137948

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Enhance instruction with an in-depth understanding of how to incorporate word roots into vocabulary lessons in all content areas. Suitable for K-12 teachers, this book provides the latest research on strategies, ideas, and resources for teaching Greek and Latin roots including prefixes, suffixes, and bases to help learners develop vocabulary, improve their comprehension, and ultimately read more effectively. Ideas on how to plan and adapt vocabulary instruction for English language learners are also included to help achieve successful results in diverse classrooms.

Building Vocabulary: Student Guided Practice Book Level 2

Building Vocabulary: Student Guided Practice Book Level 2 PDF

Author:

Publisher: Teacher Created Materials

Published: 2008-11-13

Total Pages: 144

ISBN-13: 9781425805470

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Shows students how many English words are built from units (word families and word patterns) that contain predictable sounds. Uses daily activities to reinforce this important concept in predictable, meaningful ways.

Dictionary of Old-fashioned Words: Vocabulary Building

Dictionary of Old-fashioned Words: Vocabulary Building PDF

Author: Manik Joshi

Publisher: Manik Joshi

Published: 2014-10-25

Total Pages: 100

ISBN-13:

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What are “Old-fashioned Words”? Definition of ‘Old-fashioned words’: “Words and expressions that were common in the past but are passing out of ordinary use.” ‘Old-fashioned words’ are also known as ‘archaic words’. Many people use the term ‘old use’ for the words and expressions that were common in the past but have passed out of ordinary use. These words are mainly used in historical novels. They are also used to amuse people. Examples: Old-fashioned word: dandified [adjective] (of a man) too careful about his look or clothes Old-fashioned word: vamoose [verb] to leave fast Old-fashioned idiom blot your copybook -- to do something bad to spoil your good reputation among people Old-fashioned phrasal verb buck up! -- used to tell somebody to make haste A detailed list of “old-fashioned words”, parts of speech they belong to, and their meanings are as follows: Old-fashioned Words -- A abed [adverb] in bed abide [verb] to stay or live in a place Use in a sentence: Everybody must abide by the law. abroad [adverb] outside; outdoors accidence [noun] the part of grammar that deals with the change in the form of a word accursed [adjective] having a bad magic spell on something Use in a sentence: They lived in the forest as if accursed. || There is no escaping the sense of anxiety that we humans are accursed with. adieu [exclamation] goodbye Use in a sentence: They bid adieu to him with mixed emotions. addled [adjective] confused / (of an egg) not fresh Use in a sentence: He is not a silly and addled dude. without further/more ado [idiom] at once; immediately Use in a sentence: Once it was sure that the area had been secured, the children were without more ado accompanied to the assembly hall. adventurer / adventuress [noun] a person who is very fond of going to unusual places or gaining new experiences Use in a sentence: She is a hard-core adventuress, a travel journalist, who has traveled around the world. aerodrome (airdrome) [noun] a small airport Use in a sentence: The extension of the runway was aimed at better services for private operators at the aerodrome. affair [noun] a strange or inexplicable thing affright [verb] to scare; to frighten Use in a sentence: Let nothing affright you. ague [noun] malaria, dengue or other diseases that cause fever and shivering ail [verb] to make somebody ill/sick air hostess [noun] a female flight attendant alack [exclamation] a word that is used to show you are sad or sorry Use in a sentence: Alas and alack, only a few of those stories are all that funny. alas [exclamation] a word that is used to show you are sad or sorry Use in a sentence: His experiments, alas, were flawed and had been mythologized. be all up (with somebody) [idiom] to be the end for somebody almoner [noun] a person employed by a hospital to handle financial and social problems of patients Use in a sentence: They wanted a more active almoner, who could find innovative ways to help the poor. alms [noun] money, clothes, food, etc. given to beggars or poor people Use in a sentence: They were injured in a stampede to receive alms being distributed by a charity. in the altogether [idiom] without wearing any clothes Amerindian [noun] Native American Use in a sentence: The word 'guava' originates from the language of the Arawaks, an Amerindian people from the Caribbean. ammo [noun] ammunition Use in a sentence: They have tested and run a lot of ammo through their rifles. amour [noun] a secret love affair anon [adverb] soon; early, immediately; in a moment apoplexy [noun] the sudden and complete loss of the ability to sense or move apoplectic [adjective] related to apoplexy apparel [noun] formal clothes Use in a sentence: The US apparel industry is highly fragmented with many players. applesauce [noun] nonsense Use in a sentence: All politics is applesauce! apprehend [verb] to understand, realize or be aware of something Use in a sentence: Making language easy to apprehend is intrinsic to making it appealing. apricity [noun] the sun’s warmth on a cold winter’s day aright [adverb] correctly or properly

Dictionary of Literary Words: Vocabulary Building

Dictionary of Literary Words: Vocabulary Building PDF

Author: Manik Joshi

Publisher: Manik Joshi

Published: 2014-10-25

Total Pages: 98

ISBN-13:

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WHAT ARE “LITERARY WORDS”? ‘Literary words’ are associated with literature. ‘Literary words’ are typical of a work of literature and imaginative writing. ‘Literary words’ are used with a particular meaning, in narrative, drama, poetry and other writing in a literary manner. This book has been divided into three sections: Section 01: Common Literary Words Section 02: Figurative Use of the Words Section 03: Glossary of Literary Terms IMPORTANT NOTES NOTE -- A: ELEVATED WORDS Use of an ‘Elevated’ Word in Place of a ‘Simple’ Word ‘Elevated language’ is widely used in literature. Elevated Word -- a word that is used to show a high intellectual level Simple Word -- a word that is used to keep the conversation simple in daily life Example 1: ‘Behold’ [elevated word] | ‘See’ [simple word] Meaning of ‘behold’ and ‘see’: to become aware of something by using your eyes Example 2: ‘Blithe’ [elevated word] | ‘Happy’ [simple word] Meaning of ‘blithe’ and ‘happy’: showing or feeling pleasure ****** NOTE -- B: FIGURATIVE USE OF THE WORDS Many words and phrases are used in a different (literary) way from their usual (literal) meanings to produce a special effect. [I have put these words together in Section-2 (figurative use of the words) of this book.] Example-1: ache: In a general sense -- to feel a continuous pain His leg ached because of injury. ache: In a literary sense -- to be very sad His false accusations made our heart aches. [= made us sad] Example-2: Flash: In a general sense -- to shine brightly for a few moments The camera flashed once. Flash: In a literary sense -- to suddenly show a strong emotion Their eyes flashed with horror. ****** NOTE -- C: ‘LITERARY TERMS’ There are many words that are used to describe a particular form of writing in a literary work or used in the analysis, discussion, classification, and criticism of a literary work. [I have defined these terms in Section-3 (glossary of literary terms) of this book.] Examples: catharsis -- the process of releasing strong feelings through artistic activities diction -- the choice and use of words to create a specific effect in a literary work epithet -- a word or expression used to attribute a special quality to somebody/something genre -- a particular category, style or type to which a literary wok belongs holograph -- a handwritten piece of writing by its author idyll -- a poem that describes a peaceful and happy scene juvenilia -- a literary work produced by an artist, in his/her youth melodrama -- a literary work that is full of exciting and exaggerated events or emotions opera -- a dramatic work where a majority of the words are sung to music panegyric -- a speech or written composition that praises somebody/something prosody -- the patterns of rhythms and sounds in poetry quatrain -- a verse of a poem that has four lines refrain -- a line or number of lines of a song or poem that is repeated after each verse scene -- one of the small sections within an act (a major division) of a play semantic -- relating to the meaning of words and sentences trilogy -- a set of three books, plays, movies, etc. on the same characters or subject figure of speech -- an expression in which a word or phrase represents one thing in terms of something dissimilar (non-literal) to create a particular effect in somebody’s mind, or in which an emphasis is produced by patterns of sound. [Some common figures of speech are as follows -- alliteration, anaphora, antistrophe. apostrophe, assonance, consonance, hyperbole, irony, litotes, metaphor, metonymy, periphrasis, personification, simile, synecdoche]

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