Author: George E. Peterson
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 1997-01-01
Total Pages: 46
ISBN-13: 9780821338650
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →World Bank Discussion Paper No. 359. Oil and energy markets have experienced dramatic changes over the past two decades--steep price increases in the 1970s and 1980s followed by a decrease in 1986 and large declines in demand in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. But despite considerable uncertainty about future developments in the world oil market, this paper finds that demand is set to rise in all main regions, particularly in developing countries, led by increasing incomes, population, industrialization, investment, and trade. This study examines the growth in demand for eight major oil products for 37 developing countries over the 1971-93 period, analyzing the relationships and changes over time for income, population, and demand for energy and oil products for each country. It also examines some of the important phenomena that affect oil demand and calculates income and price elasticities for each product in all countries.
Author: Donald R. Winkler
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 1994-01-01
Total Pages: 160
ISBN-13: 9780821328224
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →World Bank Discussion Paper 235. This paper evaluates Latin America's experience in the transfer of certain responsibilities from the national to the subnational levels of government. The experience of countries that have already decentralized the
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Publisher:
Published: 2010
Total Pages: 96
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Maria Amparo Cruz-Saco
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre
Published: 2010-11-23
Total Pages: 457
ISBN-13: 0822977273
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This timely volume brings together specialists on the reform of social security systems to analyze the similarities and differences of those health care and pension reforms that have taken place since the early 1990s and suggests possible gains through recent or contemplated revisions to those systems.
Author: Jennie Ilene Litvack
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 1998-01-01
Total Pages: 52
ISBN-13: 9780821343500
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →In an effort to reduce poverty and improve nutrition, this Bank operation assisted the Indian program Operation Flood to develop the dairy industry in India. This study examines the policy changes instituted to support the aid flow to the dairy sector and discusses the lessons learned and benefits realized through improved dairy production. It also presents suggestions for improvement. This program differs from other Bank efforts in that it focuses on a single commodity to alleviate poverty and raise living standards.
Author: Saltman, Richard
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Published: 2006-12-01
Total Pages: 327
ISBN-13: 033521925X
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Exploring the capacity and impact of decentralization within European health care systems, this book examines both the theoretical underpinnings as well as practical experience with decentralization.
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Published: 2003-06-23
Total Pages: 61
ISBN-13: 1451808844
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This paper examines the First Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement for Colombia. Under the authorities’ program, economic performance has been mostly favorable. Real economic growth appears to be recovering, led by a pickup in domestic demand that outweighed a decline in net exports. Inflation, however, has remained above the program target. Since late February, the currency has appreciated, responding partly to a sharp decline in the country risk premium. The program is on track and the authorities have reiterated their full commitment to achieving the main elements of the program’s macroeconomic framework.
Author: Marcelo Giugale
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Published: 2000-01-01
Total Pages: 308
ISBN-13: 9780821347324
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The three forces of democratization, decentralization, and development have swept the world over the last decade and redrawn the maps of politics, power, and prosperity. Modern Mexico has been fully engaged in the trio, making it a rich case study. In recent years, enhanced political competition has redistributed decisionmaking across all levels of government, making the government more accountable to the average citizen. It has also given subnational governments a renewed role as economic agents. The taxation, spending, borrowing, and institutions of Mexican states and municipalities are now increasingly under the rigor of market discipline. The combined, closer scrutiny of voters and financiers is creating a new incentive framework for policymakers-a framework where necessary reforms become both inescapable and, more importantly, a perceived source of potential reward. This book is the product of the analytical work of a large number of experts, Mexican and foreign. In the book, the experts document Mexico's decentralization experience; conceptualize its main trends, policies, and options; and bring it into the light of international comparison. They distill critical lessons and challenges that are of relevance for Mexico, for Latin America and, generally, for countries that are embarking on far reaching decentralization efforts. This renders the volume a major contribution to our knowledge and thinking in this area; and a timely one, since decentralization is an irreversible process that is likely to continue occupying policymakers for years to come.