Coal Desulfurization Using Microwave Energy
Author: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Research Triangle Park, N.C.)
Publisher:
Published: 1978
Total Pages: 84
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Research Triangle Park, N.C.)
Publisher:
Published: 1978
Total Pages: 84
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory (Research Triangle Park, N.C.)
Publisher:
Published: 1978
Total Pages: 70
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1981
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →A laboratory size flow reactor was developed and tested on coal samples up to 100 g/batch. A modified version of the applicator will increase sample size to 1000 g; when run continuously it can handle 500 g to 1000 g/minute. Recent measurements on typical 1/4 in. size (particle size) coal has validated previous results which show up to 50% sulfur removal mainly by converting pyrite to FeS which is shown to have strong magnetic properties and the spectral characteristics of pyrrhotite. Subsequent crushing and physical separation steps such as float sink or magnetic separation further reduces the sulfur level (and more effectively than conventional separation). Crushing of coal (to 30 to 100 mesh) and further exposure to the microwave field can further reduce the total sulfur level. An 80% to 90% removal is possible with the proper concentration of NaOH and/or multiple exposures. Results are presented for several important Pennsylvania and Kentucky coals. The results evaluated in terms of pounds of sulfur per 106 Btu suggest that this method had the potential of meeting environmental requirements.
Author: S. K. Kawatra
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 2001
Total Pages: 376
ISBN-13: 9789056996963
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This book was written to provide a comprehensive survey of the current state-of-the-art information in coal preparation, with particular emphasis on coal desulfrization. The primary audience for this book will be practising coal preparation engineers who need complete information about all of the coal preparation and desulphurization technologies that are available now, or that may be available in the future. It will also be valuable for coal researchers who need details and comparative data for cutting-edge technologies that are still under development. The main emphasis is on physical coal preparation, but chapters also include chemical and biological technologies that are under development, but not yet used in industrial practice. Along with the successful technologies, also included are details of processes and techniques that were attempted, but were subsequently abandoned, along with discussions of the reasons they were abandoned.
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1981
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Desulfurization experiments were carried out using the 6KW, 2450 MHz Flow Reactor System. The program has been directed toward the combination of physical separation and microwave exposure with NaOH to increase sulfur removal. The following treatment sequence has been used with good results: (1) expose 1/4 to 1 in. raw coal to microwaves; (2) crush the treated coal and separate the sample into float/sink fractions; (3) add NaOH to the float fraction and re-expose the sample to microwaves; and (4) wash, add NaOH and expose to microwaves. This procedure has produced up to 89% sulfur removal and as low as 0.31 numberS/106 Btu. Ash analyses on these samples showed as high as 40% reduction. The calorific value was increased in almost all samples. Data on sulfur, ash and calorific values are summarized.
Author: S. Komar Kawatra
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2020-01-27
Total Pages: 497
ISBN-13: 1000763447
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Updating content from the author’s 2001 book Coal Desulfurization, this new title focuses on CO2 sequestration and utilization. It includes information on the theory and practical approaches to CO2 capture and recent advances in the use of sequestered CO2. Avoiding these pollutants requires either forgetting about the 250 billion tons of coal reserves the United States possesses or capturing and utilizing the pollutants in a profitable and environmentally responsible fashion. The book covers postcombustion and precombustion capture approaches for coal, and postcombustion capture can be generalized to many other fuels. Recent practical implementations at full-scale power facilities around the world are discussed. The book covers sequestering CO2 via underground, oceanic, biological, and other long-term CO2 storage methods. It also includes recent advances in utilizing CO2 for enhanced oil recovery, advances in storage with depleted oil and gas reservoirs and deep saline aquifers, and additional topics. The book also examines specific applications of pure CO2 and covers chemical conversion of CO2 to useful compounds. It answers questions like "Can we create methanol from coal?" or "Can we create ethanol from coal?" It is found that methanol and ethanol cannot be sustainably produced from coal power alone. However, oxalic acid can be created at a much lower energy cost than methanol or ethanol. Oxalic acid can be used to extract rare earths, which are not currently produced anywhere in the United States, but are typically concentrated in coal ash. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals in chemical, environmental, and energy engineering, this book provides insight and inspiration into capturing CO2 not merely as a response to regulatory pressure and climate change but as an inherently profitable and valuable venture.