Chinese Global Exploration In The Pre-columbian Era: Evidence From An Ancient World Map

Chinese Global Exploration In The Pre-columbian Era: Evidence From An Ancient World Map PDF

Author: Sheng-wei Wang

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2023-10-16

Total Pages: 451

ISBN-13: 9811271100

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How early did the Chinese explore the world? Did the Treasure Fleets, led by Admiral Zheng He, discover many parts of the world before Christopher Columbus? While it is known that Christopher Columbus discovered America and Europe ushered in the Age of Discovery, there is an ongoing debate on the 'unknown' areas depicted in Western maps from the period and earlier. There is agreement among scholars that certain areas seem to have been mapped out prior to the arrival of Western explorers.Chinese Global Exploration in the Pre-Columbian Era: Evidence from an Ancient World Map analyses the world's first modern map — known as Kunyu Wanguo Quantu (KWQ) 《坤輿萬國全圖》 in Chinese, translated as the 'Complete Geographical Map of All Kingdoms of the World' to demonstrate evidence of Chinese global exploration in the Pre-Columbian era. The map of concern was first printed by Italian missionary, Matteo Ricci in 1602, and has been purported to be of entirely European origin, based on Ricci's former maps which he had brought to China in 1582.This book, thus, seeks to be transformational in presenting essential new insights on Pre-Columbian world history and Chinese global exploration, moving away from the norm of the studies of geography and cartography by:

New World Secrets on Ancient Asian Maps

New World Secrets on Ancient Asian Maps PDF

Author: Charlotte Harris Rees

Publisher: Light Messages Publishing

Published: 2014-07-02

Total Pages: 193

ISBN-13: 1611531098

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Charlotte Harris Rees is an independent researcher, a retired federal employee, and an honors graduate of Columbia International University. She has diligently studied the possibility of very early arrival of Chinese to America. In 2003 Rees and her brother took the Harris Map Collection to the Library of Congress where it remained for three years while being studied. In 2006 she published an abridged version of her father's, The Asiatic Fathers of America: Chinese Discovery and Colonization of Ancient America. Her Secret Maps of the Ancient World came out in 2008. In 2011 she released Chinese Sailed to America Before Columbus: More Secrets from the Dr. Hendon M. Harris, Jr. Map Collection. In 2013 she published Did Ancient chinese Explore America? Her books are listed by World Confederation of Institutes and Libraries for Chinese Overseas Studies.

The Chinese Origin of the Age of Discovery

The Chinese Origin of the Age of Discovery PDF

Author: Chao Chien

Publisher:

Published: 2021-07

Total Pages: 500

ISBN-13:

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This book is not a frivolous stunt. The early history of the European Age of Discovery, as many already have suspected, is largely legendary. Columbus did not discover America. Magellan did not discover "his strait." And yes, Marco Polo did not go to China. In this book, the lost history is reconstructed from extant documents, mostly European, and their analyses thereof, providing irrefutable proofs, shown in over 300 illustrations. Are all these wild sensational claims? No. They are what evidence shows, and that is what this book is about, the evidence and its analyses. Indeed, Europeans going to sea in the fifteenth century and ushering in the Age of Discovery was the result of coming into geographical knowledge of the world inherited from the Chinese, which infers that the Chinese had explored and charted the world's landmasses before the Europeans. Christopher Columbus went on his ventures with such information in hand. Such are the conclusions arrived at by history researcher/author Chao C. Chien's lifelong work, the entire thesis of which is presented in this definitive volume. With over 300 illustrations of evidence comprising of extant European historical documents and maps, this work challenges European orthodox history of the Age of discovery head on. Little known in the West, at the very beginning of the fifteenth century, and the infancy of the Ming Dynasty, China endured a civil war that lasted four years. At the end, the Prince of Yan (garrison commander of Beijing) ousted the sitting emperor, his nephew Jianwen, and became the Yongle Emperor, one of the mightiest rulers of Chinese history. Suspecting that his nephew had fled overseas, he commissioned the largest naval squadron the world had seen, to be led by his confidante the eunuch Zheng He, to go after him. Indeed, the fate of the Jianwen Emperor remains a mystery today. (The possible outcome is addressed in the follow-up volume to this book, The Hunt for the Dragon, 2nd Edition.) Zheng He went to sea seven times between 1405 and 1433. It is generally alleged that he roamed the Indian Ocean for the purposes of spreading the Ming Dynasty culture and promoting trade. China produced upward of one third of the world's GDP at the time, and it needed Zheng He to drum up business? Ridiculous! That tells you how far off base the pedants have been. Part of the reasons for this kind of historical propaganda is because Zheng He's trips were kept as state secret. Little was documented on it officially. However, while the history of Zheng He is scant in China, evidence of his exploits is found in Western archives. In fact, maps of the Middle Ages show that the Chinese fleet sailed into the Atlantic Ocean, right at the time when the Portuguese Prince Henry the Navigator began interested in going to sea. All sounds incredible, were it not for the numerous records attesting to the lost history kept in some of the most prestigious institution of the West, including the royal archives of Spain and Portugal, the British Library, the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, the Library of Congress, and various private collections in Italy, Germany, and even the Topkapı Palace museum in Istanbul, Turkey. Now, we should understand that China had been a seafaring nation for ages. During the Yuan Dynasty Mongol occupation of the fourteenth century, Chinese and other conquered seafaring people, including the Koreans and Arabs, were dispatched to map the world for further Mongol conquests. The maps were used by the following Ming Dynasty in the pursuit of the Jianwen Emperor, and these maps fell into European hands. This process is reconstructed in this book. It reads like a meticulous detective report, but it is real history. At the end, when all is said and done, the "lost" history is restored. However, will you believe it?

The Assault on Reason

The Assault on Reason PDF

Author: Al Gore

Publisher: A&C Black

Published: 2008-01-01

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 0747593345

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A powerful indictment of the Bush-led radical Right's disdain for the principles of reasoned decision-making, and a rallying cry for a return to reason-based policies at home and abroad.

Asiatic Echoes

Asiatic Echoes PDF

Author: John Arthur Ruskamp, Jr.

Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform

Published: 2016-02-17

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 9781523924455

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NEWLY REVISED & UPDATED! This, the 3rd edition of Asiatic Echoes, includes the study's highly significant Supplemental Reports #1  PLUS images of 54 previously unpublished ancient Chinese pictogram-glyph writings. For centuries, researchers have been debating if, in pre-Columbian times, meaningful exchanges between the indigenous peoples of Asia and the Americas might have taken place. Many sinologists have written positively on this topic, yet, so far, no conclusive proof has been put forth establishing such trans-Pacific contact as a historical event. This book introduces previously unrecognized ancient written evidence that in pre-Columbian times, multiple intellectual exchanges took place between Chinese and North American populations. Using the novel integration of the legal construct of substantial similarity with the comparative statistical tool of Jaccard's Index of Similarity, the Chinese origin of 107 North American petroglyphs and pictographs is established. Here is demonstrable epigraphic proof that Chinese explorers not only reached the Americas long before the first European voyagers, but that they interacted positively with Native North American people on multiple occasions over an extended period of time, approximately 2500 YBP.

1421: The Year China Discovered The World

1421: The Year China Discovered The World PDF

Author: Gavin Menzies

Publisher: National Geographic Books

Published: 2003-11-25

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 0553815229

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On 8 March 1421, the largest fleet the world had ever seen set sail from China. The ships, some nearly five hundred feet long, were under the command of Emperor Zhu Di's loyal eunuch admirals. Their mission was 'to proceed all the way to the end of the earth to collect tribute from the barbarians beyond the seas' and unite the world in Confucian harmony. Their journey would last for over two years and take them around the globe but by the time they returned home, China was beginning its long, self-imposed isolation from the world it had so recently embraced. And so the great ships were left to rot and the records of their journey were destroyed. And with them, the knowledge that the Chinese had circumnavigated the globe a century before Magellan, reached America seventy years before Columbus, and Australia three hundred and fifty years before Cook... The result of fifteen years research, 1421 is Gavin Menzies' enthralling account of the voyage of the Chinese fleet, the remarkable discoveries he made and the persuasive evidence to support them: ancient maps, precise navigational knowledge, astronomy and the surviving accounts of Chinese explorers and the later European navigators as well as the traces the fleet left behind - from sunken junks to the votive offerings left by the Chinese sailors wherever they landed, giving thanks to Shao Lin, goddess of the sea. Already hailed as a classic, this is the story of an extraordinary journey of discovery that not only radically alters our understanding of world exploration but also rewrites history itself.

Qing Colonial Enterprise

Qing Colonial Enterprise PDF

Author: Laura Hostetler

Publisher: University of Chicago Press

Published: 2005-12-15

Total Pages: 300

ISBN-13: 9780226354217

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In Qing Colonial Enterprise, Laura Hostetler shows how Qing China (1636-1911) used cartography and ethnography to pursue its imperial ambitions. She argues that far from being on the periphery of developments in the early modern period, Qing China both participated in and helped shape the new emphasis on empirical scientific knowledge that was simultaneously transforming Europe—and its colonial empires—at the time. Although mapping in China is almost as old as Chinese civilization itself, the Qing insistence on accurate, to-scale maps of their territory was a new response to the difficulties of administering a vast and growing empire. Likewise, direct observation became increasingly important to Qing ethnographic writings, such as the illustrated manuscripts known as "Miao albums" (from which twenty color paintings are reproduced in this book). These were intended to educate Qing officials about various non-Han peoples so that they could govern these groups more effectively.Hostetler's groundbreaking account will interest anyone studying the history of the early modern period and colonialism.

1434

1434 PDF

Author: Gavin Menzies

Publisher: HarperCollins UK

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 99

ISBN-13: 0007269374

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The brilliance of the Renaissance laid the foundation of the modern world. Textbooks tell us that it came about as a result of a rediscovery of the ideas and ideals of classical Greece and Rome. But now bestselling historian Gavin Menzies makes the startling argument that in the year 1434, China--then the world's most technologically advanced civilization--provided the spark that set the European Renaissance ablaze. From that date onward, Europeans embraced Chinese intellectual ideas, discoveries, and inventions, all of which form the basis of western civilization today.--From amazon.com.

Global History with Chinese Characteristics

Global History with Chinese Characteristics PDF

Author: Manuel Perez-Garcia

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-11-02

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 9811578656

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This open access book considers a pivotal era in Chinese history from a global perspective. This book’s insight into Chinese and international history offers timely and challenging perspectives on initiatives like “Chinese characteristics”, “The New Silk Road” and “One Belt, One Road” in broad historical context. Global History with Chinese Characteristics analyses the feeble state capacity of Qing China questioning the so-called “High Qing” (shèng qīng 盛清) era’s economic prosperity as the political system was set into a “power paradox” or “supremacy dilemma”. This is a new thesis introduced by the author demonstrating that interventionist states entail weak governance. Macao and Marseille as a new case study aims to compare Mediterranean and South China markets to provide new insights into both modern eras’ rising trade networks, non-official institutions and interventionist impulses of autocratic states such as China’s Qing and Spain’s Bourbon empires.