Chinese Democracy and the Crisis of 1989

Chinese Democracy and the Crisis of 1989 PDF

Author: LOU NING

Publisher: SUNY Press

Published: 1993-01-01

Total Pages: 392

ISBN-13: 9780791412695

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This study examines the process of democratization in China, taking as a focal point the recent crisis of 1989 in Tiananmen Square, but providing broader historical perspectives from both Chinese and American scholars. The authors evaluate China's political heritage, from theories of despotism in Chinese civilization to evidence for China's own democratic traditions. They also analyze the more recent political and social crises of the 1980s leading to the massive urban demonstrations in the spring of 1989, with the conflicts that have divided the rural masses, the state, the army, the cultural elite, and the media in China; and they discuss what these events tell us about China's cultural and political future.

Cries For Democracy

Cries For Democracy PDF

Author: Minzhu Han

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2021-04-13

Total Pages: 428

ISBN-13: 069122952X

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"Han Minzhu" and her assistant editor, "Hua Sheng," both writing under pseudonyms to protect their identities, present a rich collection of translations of original writings and speeches from the 1989 Chinese Democracy Movement--flyers, "big-character" posters, "small-character" posters, handbills, poems, articles from nonofficial newspapers and journals, government statements, and transcriptions of tapes. Linked by a commentary setting the documents in the context of the movement's history and of Chinese social and political life, these expressions--indeed, cries--of the participants in the passionate demonstrations in Beijing and other Chinese cities powerfully convey the atmosphere of this extraordinary protest. In the face of the ensuing campaign of intimidation and repression in China, this book enables Western readers to see through the eyes of Chinese students, intellectuals, workers, and other citizens the realities behind the reports and visual images that flooded the media during the spring of 1989. The editors believe that the underlying motivations, emotions, and aspirations of the prodemocracy demonstrators can best be communicated to those outside China by translations that aim as much as possible to capture the original words, tones, and rhythms of the Chinese people. This book is a unique collection of political and personal documents, and it is also a dramatic presentation of the movement. The lucid commentary, the arrangement of selections in approximate chronological order, and the use of photographs combine to create a vivid and flowing narrative. Beginning with the student discontent and restlessness that pervaded Chinese campuses in the winter of 1989, and continuing through to the violent suppression of the Democracy Movement in June with the bloody army takeover of Tiananmen Square and sweeping arrests of activists, the story shows how moderate demands on the part of students grew into a mass antigovernment protest and resistance to martial law in Beijing. Highlighting the demands and goals of the protesters and the attitude of the students toward the Chinese Communist Party, the work movingly evokes the determination, idealism, courage, and flashes of humor that were the essence of this unforgettable spring.

China's Search for Democracy: The Students and Mass Movement of 1989

China's Search for Democracy: The Students and Mass Movement of 1989 PDF

Author: Suzanne Ogden

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2016-09-16

Total Pages: 590

ISBN-13: 1315489635

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Within a framework of analysis and background by the four editors, this book presents a view from the grassroots of the 1989 student and mass movement in China and its tragic consequences. Here are the core eyewitness and participant accounts expressed through wall posters, students speeches, movement declarations, handbills, and other documents. In their introductions to the material, the editors address the political economy of the democracy movement, the evolving concept of democracy during the movement, the movement's contribution to China becoming a civil society, and the changing view of the Chinese Communist Party by students, intellectuals, workers and others, as the crisis unfolded.

The Pro-democracy Protests in China

The Pro-democracy Protests in China PDF

Author: J. Unger

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2015-06-18

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13: 1317455150

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The mass protests that erupted in China during the spring of 1989 were not confined to Beijing and Shanghai. Cities and towns across the great breadth of China were engulfed by demonstrations, which differed regionally in content and tone: the complaints and protest actions in prosperous Fuijan Province on the south China coast were somewhat different from those in Manchuria or inland Xi'an or the country towns of Hunan. The variety of the reactions is a barometer of the political and economic climate in contemporary China. In this book, Western China specialists who were on the spot that spring describe and analyze the upsurges of protest that erupted around them.

The Tiananmen Papers

The Tiananmen Papers PDF

Author: Liang Zhang

Publisher: Public Affairs

Published: 2008-08-06

Total Pages: 582

ISBN-13: 0786725478

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On the night of June 3-4, 1989, Chinese troops violently crushed the largest pro-democracy demonstrations in the history of the communist regime. In this extraordinary collection of hundreds of internal government and Communist Party documents, secretly smuggled out of China, we learn how these events came to pass from behind the scenes. The material reveals how the most important decisions were made; and how the turmoil split the ruling elite into radically opposed factions. The book includes the minutes of the crucial meetings at which the Elders decided to cashier the pro-reform Party secretary Zhao Ziyang and to replace him with Jiang Zemin, to declare martial law, and finally to send the troops to drive the students from the Square. Just as the Pentagon Papers laid bare the secret American decision making behind the Vietnam War and changed forever our view of the nation's political leaders, so too has The Tiananmen Papers altered our perception of how and why the events of June 4 took the shape they did. Its publication has proven to be a landmark event in Chinese and world history.

The Aftermath Of The 1989 Tiananmen Crisis For Mainland China

The Aftermath Of The 1989 Tiananmen Crisis For Mainland China PDF

Author: Bih-jaw Lin

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-07-11

Total Pages: 416

ISBN-13: 1000314502

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The 1989 Tiananmen crisis marked a crucial turning point for the People's Republic of China. The unprecedented demonstrations of popular dissent triggered the downfall of reformist premier Zhao Ziyang, who supported the students, and the rise of his conservative successor, Li Peng. The subsequent military crackdown on the demonstrators horrified the world and threatened the PRC with international isolation. In this book, distinguished scholars from Taiwan and the United States analyze the wide-ranging effects of the crisis on the role of ideology; the Party; the military; social and legal reform; economic reform; Taiwan and Hong Kong; and foreign relations. For anyone interested in China, and in particular the future of Communism, this volume will be essential reading.

Democracy in China

Democracy in China PDF

Author: Jiwei Ci

Publisher:

Published: 2019-11-19

Total Pages: 433

ISBN-13: 0674238184

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Four decades of reform fostered a democratic mentality in China. Now citizens are waiting for the government to catch up. Jiwei Ci argues that the tensions between a largely democratic society and an undemocratic political system will trigger a crisis of legitimacy, compelling the Communist Party to become agents of democratic change--or collapse.

Crisis at Tiananmen

Crisis at Tiananmen PDF

Author: Yi Mu

Publisher:

Published: 1989

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13:

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A book about China's student movement from the viewpoint of a Chinese journalist. Weaves together chronology and analysis of the recent events which shook the very fabric of Chinese society.

From Comrade to Citizen

From Comrade to Citizen PDF

Author: Merle Goldman

Publisher: Harvard University Press

Published: 2005-09-30

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 9780674018907

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A leading scholar of China's modern political development examines the changing relationship between the Chinese people and the state. Correcting the conventional view of China as having instituted extraordinary economic changes but having experienced few political reforms in the post-Mao period, Merle Goldman details efforts by individuals and groups to assert their political rights. China's move to the market and opening to the outside world have loosened party controls over everyday life and led to the emergence of ideological diversity. Starting in the 1980s, multi-candidate elections for local officials were held, and term limits were introduced for communist party leaders. Establishment intellectuals who have broken away from party patronage have openly criticized government policies. Those intellectuals outside the party structures, because of their participation in the Cultural Revolution or the 1989 Tiananmen Square demonstrations, have organized petitions, published independent critiques, formed independent groups, and even called for a new political system. Despite the party's repeated attempts to suppress these efforts, awareness about political rights has been spreading among the general population. Goldman emphasizes that these changes do not guarantee movement toward democracy, but she sees them as significant and genuine advances in the assertion of political rights in China.