Childbearing Trends and Prospects in Low-Fertility Countries

Childbearing Trends and Prospects in Low-Fertility Countries PDF

Author: Tomas Frejka

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2005-12-30

Total Pages: 434

ISBN-13: 1402024584

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"This is a tour de force in cohort fertility analysis, a deep and powerful piece of work. It is a striking demonstration of the force of really detailed empirical analysis of excellent and comprehensive data, with the data looked at from every angle and judiciously extrapolated into the future. It represents a major contribution to our understanding of contemporary low fertility in Europe and other developed nations..." Thomas K. Burch, University of Victoria, BC, Canada

Low Fertility, Institutions, and their Policies

Low Fertility, Institutions, and their Policies PDF

Author: Ronald R. Rindfuss

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2016-06-16

Total Pages: 303

ISBN-13: 3319329979

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This volume examines ten economically advanced countries in Europe and Asia that have experienced different levels of fertility decline. It offers readers a cross-country perspective on the causes and consequences of low birth rates and the different policy responses to this worrying trend. The countries examined are not only diverse geographically, historically, and culturally, but also have different policies and institutions in place. They include six very-low-fertility countries (Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Spain, and Taiwan) and four that have close to replacement-level fertility (United Kingdom, Norway, Canada, and France). Although fertility has gone down in all these countries over the past 50 years, the chapters examine the institutional, policy, and cultural factors that have led some countries to have much lower fertility rates than others. In addition, the final chapter provides a cross-country comparison of individual perceptions about obs tacles to fertility, based on survey data, and government support for families. This broad overview, along with a general introduction, helps put the specific country papers in context. As birth rates continue to decline, there is increasing concern about the fate of social welfare systems, including healthcare and programs for the elderly. This book will help readers to better understand the root causes of such problems with its insightful discussion on how a country’s institutions, policies, and culture shape fertility trends and levels.

Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, Causes, and Consequences

Childlessness in Europe: Contexts, Causes, and Consequences PDF

Author: Michaela Kreyenfeld

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-01-11

Total Pages: 370

ISBN-13: 3319446673

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This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This open access book provides an overview of childlessness throughout Europe. It offers a collection of papers written by leading demographers and sociologists that examine contexts, causes, and consequences of childlessness in countries throughout the region.The book features data from all over Europe. It specifically highlights patterns of childlessness in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Finland, Sweden, Austria and Switzerland. An additional chapter on childlessness in the United States puts the European experience in perspective. The book offers readers such insights as the determinants of lifelong childlessness, whether governments can and should counteract increasing childlessness, how the phenomenon differs across social strata and the role economic uncertainties play. In addition, the book also examines life course dynamics and biographical patterns, assisted reproduction as well as the consequences of childlessness. Childlessness has been increasing rapidly in most European countries in recent decades. This book offers readers expert analysis into this issue from leading experts in the field of family behavior. From causes to consequences, it explores the many facets of childlessness throughout Europe to present a comprehensive portrait of this important demographic and sociological trend.

World Fertility Patterns 2015 Data Booklet

World Fertility Patterns 2015 Data Booklet PDF

Author: United Nations

Publisher: UN

Published: 2016-07-28

Total Pages: 29

ISBN-13: 9789211515428

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This data booklet summarises and presents key fertility indicators on world fertility patterns from the latest population estimates and projections, World Population Prospects 2015. The relevant data and evidence are made available in an easily accessible manner.

Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia

Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia PDF

Author: Paulin Straughan

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2008-09-25

Total Pages: 335

ISBN-13: 1134032099

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Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong SAR are among the very lowest-fertility countries in the whole world, and even China has reached fertility levels lower than those in many European countries. If these levels continue over long periods East Asia will soon face accelerating population decline in addition the changes in age distributions in such populations raise major new questions for planning of economic and social welfare. This book brings together work by noted experts on the low fertility countries of East Asia with an up-to-date analysis of trends in fertility, what we know about their determinants and consequences, the policy issues and how these are being addressed in the various countries. Its role in bringing together information on policy trends and initiatives of a pro-natalist kind adopted over recent years in these countries is extremely important, as is the fact that the discussion of these pro-natalist policies is set in the context of a thorough analysis of what has driven fertility so low in these countries. Ultra-Low Fertility in Pacific Asia is invaluable to students and scholars of East Asian public and social policy, as well as fertility studies more generally.

Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia

Low Fertility and Reproductive Health in East Asia PDF

Author: Naohiro Ogawa

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-10-07

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 9401792267

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This book provides a unique blend of social and biomedical sciences in the field of low fertility and reproductive health. It offers a significant contribution to understanding the determinants of low fertility mostly in East Asia, including an assessment of the effectiveness of policies that aim to raise fertility. It introduces new analytical tools and methods and shares application of innovative approaches to analyzing cross-sectional and longitudinal survey data and macro socioeconomic data to shed light on changing mechanisms of low fertility in the context of reproductive health. The volume introduces the demographic dividend into the study of fertility, analyzes possible impact of population ageing on the amount of resources allocated to child rearing, i.e. the so called "crowding effect" in social care and public spending between the elderly and children. The book also tests the Low Fertility Trap (LFT) hypothesis, a new important theory regarding fertility trends. The book focuses on East Asia which is numerically large but relatively under-researched with regard to issues covered in various chapters. The relevance of the volume, however, goes beyond countries in East Asia. The book breaks new grounds and reveals little known facts regarding the influence of endocrine disruptors on male fertility through falling sperm counts, the phenomenon of marital sexlessness and about the sexual behavior of adolescents in East Asia.

Strong family and low fertility:a paradox?

Strong family and low fertility:a paradox? PDF

Author: Gianpiero Dalla Zuanna

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-03-30

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 1402028377

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New perspectives in interpreting contemporary family and reproductive - haviour of Mediterranean Europe 1. THE NEW GEOGRAPHY OF FERTILITY AND THE FAMILY IN EUROPE The countries of southern Europe have begun to reduce conjugal fertility at a later date compared to most other nations in the west. This has been - plained by means of the category of delay: the backwardness of the pr- esses of accumulation and economic development being seen as the cause of the maintaining of the reproductive models of the past. Moreover, the inf- ence of the Catholic Church in Italy, Spain and Portugal is supposed to have delayed the processes of secularisation, rendering difficult the changes in mentality necessary for assuming modern patterns of reproductive behaviour not only for fertility, but also for the variables which are strictly linked to it, such as sexuality, contraception and abortion (Livi Bacci, 1977; Lesthaeghe and Wilson, 1986). 1. 1. The trends of very low fertility Now the panorama is very different. Since the mid-seventies, southern Europe has been washed by the tide of a lowest-low fertility (i. e. , TFR under 1. 5 for several a prolonged period, Billari et al. , 2003), which in some areas 1 has reached and maintained scarcely imaginable levels for years on end. Conversely, other areas of Europe, where fertility started to fall many d- ades earlier than in the regions of the sourth, have recovered or maintained considerably higher levels of fertility, often close to replacement level.

Partnership and Reproductive Behaviour in Low-fertility Countries

Partnership and Reproductive Behaviour in Low-fertility Countries PDF

Author: United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division

Publisher: New York : United Nations

Published: 2003

Total Pages: 138

ISBN-13: 9789211513776

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The number of countries where the total fertility rate is below 2.1 children per woman increased more than ten-fold during the last four decades. This report focuses on the influence of marital or partnership behaviour on fertility levels and trends, resulting in below-replacement fertility. Social trends considered include increasing cohabitation, higher age of first marriage, higher proportions of never-married women over age 30, and the rapid fall in the marriage rate in the 1990s. While all low-fertility societies share fundamental societal features, many of their socio-economic and cultural features vary and thus shape the differences of demographic characteristics.

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