Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards

Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1991-02-01

Total Pages: 173

ISBN-13: 0309040469

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Studying animals in the environment may be a realistic and highly beneficial approach to identifying unknown chemical contaminants before they cause human harm. Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards presents an overview of animal-monitoring programs, including detailed case studies of how animal health problemsâ€"such as the effects of DDT on wild bird populationsâ€"have led researchers to the sources of human health hazards. The authors examine the components and characteristics required for an effective animal-monitoring program, and they evaluate numerous existing programs, including in situ research, where an animal is placed in a natural setting for monitoring purposes.

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research

Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1988-02-01

Total Pages: 113

ISBN-13: 0309038391

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Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.

Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune

Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2009-09-06

Total Pages: 338

ISBN-13: 0309136997

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In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.

The Use of Drugs in Food Animals

The Use of Drugs in Food Animals PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1999-01-12

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 0309175771

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The use of drugs in food animal production has resulted in benefits throughout the food industry; however, their use has also raised public health safety concerns. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals provides an overview of why and how drugs are used in the major food-producing animal industriesâ€"poultry, dairy, beef, swine, and aquaculture. The volume discusses the prevalence of human pathogens in foods of animal origin. It also addresses the transfer of resistance in animal microbes to human pathogens and the resulting risk of human disease. The committee offers analysis and insight into these areas: Monitoring of drug residues. The book provides a brief overview of how the FDA and USDA monitor drug residues in foods of animal origin and describes quality assurance programs initiated by the poultry, dairy, beef, and swine industries. Antibiotic resistance. The committee reports what is known about this controversial problem and its potential effect on human health. The volume also looks at how drug use may be minimized with new approaches in genetics, nutrition, and animal management.

Pheromones and Animal Behavior

Pheromones and Animal Behavior PDF

Author: Tristram D. Wyatt

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2014-01-23

Total Pages: 425

ISBN-13: 0521112907

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This book explains how animals use chemical communication, emphasising the evolutionary context and covering fields from ecology to neuroscience and chemistry.

Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances

Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1991-02-01

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 0309044375

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The National Human Monitoring Program (NHMP) identifies concentrations of specific chemicals in human tissues, including toxicologic testing and risk assessment determinations. This volume evaluates the current activities of the NHMP; identifies important scientific, technical, and programmatic issues; and makes recommendations regarding the design of the program and use of its products.