Chemical Speciation of Organic and Inorganic components of Environmental and Biological Interest in Natural Fluids

Chemical Speciation of Organic and Inorganic components of Environmental and Biological Interest in Natural Fluids PDF

Author: Francesco Crea

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2020-03-25

Total Pages: 218

ISBN-13: 3039284525

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The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines the term “speciation” as the distribution of an element amongst defined chemical species in a system, while the process leading to quantitative estimation of the content of different species is called speciation analysis. The chemical speciation of elements in natural waters and biological fluids is a key topic, essential for discussing the chemical reactivity of constituents in these systems. It is well understood that it is the chemical form of a metal or metalloids that determines its reactivity, lifetime, and fate in the environment. Chemical speciation now involves various sectors of the sciences, from chemistry to biology, biochemistry, and environmental sciences, since—as is well known—the total concentration, alone, of an inorganic or organic component (metal or ligand) in a multicomponent natural system (fresh water, sea water, biological fluids, soil, etc.) is insufficient for a comprehensive understand of its behavior in those contests.

Chemical Speciation of Organic and Inorganic components of Environmental and Biological Interest in Natural Fluids: Behaviour, Interaction and Sequestration

Chemical Speciation of Organic and Inorganic components of Environmental and Biological Interest in Natural Fluids: Behaviour, Interaction and Sequestration PDF

Author: Alberto Pettignano

Publisher:

Published: 2020

Total Pages: 218

ISBN-13: 9783039284535

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The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines the term “speciation” as the distribution of an element amongst defined chemical species in a system, while the process leading to quantitative estimation of the content of different species is called speciation analysis. The chemical speciation of elements in natural waters and biological fluids is a key topic, essential for discussing the chemical reactivity of constituents in these systems. It is well understood that it is the chemical form of a metal or metalloids that determines its reactivity, lifetime, and fate in the environment. Chemical speciation now involves various sectors of the sciences, from chemistry to biology, biochemistry, and environmental sciences, since--as is well known--the total concentration, alone, of an inorganic or organic component (metal or ligand) in a multicomponent natural system (fresh water, sea water, biological fluids, soil, etc.) is insufficient for a comprehensive understand of its behavior in those contests.

The Importance of Chemical “Speciation” in Environmental Processes

The Importance of Chemical “Speciation” in Environmental Processes PDF

Author: M. Bernhard

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 758

ISBN-13: 3642704417

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Report, the editors replaced the term "speciation" wherever it occurred by "identification and quantification," or "description of abundance," or "reactivity," or "transformation" of a chemical species, according to whichever one of the four meanings the author had evidently meant to convey. In line with the Dahlem Workshop Model, this Report comprises the background papers written in advance of the meeting on the current status of problems in environmental research and on advanced analytical tech niques for the identification and quantification of chemical species, as well as the group reports summarizing the results of the discussions held during the meeting. Each group report was prepared during the meeting by one "rapporteur" with the help of members of that group and finalized by the rapporteur (listed as the first author of the group report) after the meeting, taking into account both verbal comments made during the presentation of the reports in the plenary session at the end of the workshop and written comments received afterwards.

Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments

Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments PDF

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2003-05-03

Total Pages: 433

ISBN-13: 0309086256

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Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.

Elemental Speciation in Human Health Risk Assessment

Elemental Speciation in Human Health Risk Assessment PDF

Author: P. Apostoli

Publisher: World Health Organization

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 9241572345

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Definitions of species and speciation - - Strructural aspects of speciation - - Analytical techniques and methodology - - Bioaccessibility and bioavailability - - Toxicokinetics and biological monitoring - - Molecular and cellular mechanisms of metal toxicity - - Health effects - - Conclusions and recommendations.

Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment

Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment PDF

Author: Alasdair H. Neilson

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-01-18

Total Pages: 636

ISBN-13: 1351092162

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Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment draws from the author's experience with a variety of problems dealing with the fate, distribution, and toxicity of organic compounds in the aquatic environment. It discusses the basic issues of chemical analysis, distribution, persistence, and ecotoxicology, with an emphasis on microbial reactions. The necessary input and the difficulties of achieving a rigorous synthesis of the various elements are illustrated with specific examples. The book includes a wide range of structurally diverse compounds as illustration and presents a mechanistic approach to biodegradation and biotransformation. The final chapter addresses the issue of environmental hazard assessment and constructs a strategy for carrying it out.

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