Chemical Functionalization of Hydrogen-terminated Silicon Surfaces
Author: Matthew Richard Linford
Publisher:
Published: 1996
Total Pages: 490
ISBN-13:
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Photochemical Functionalization of Hydrogen Terminated Silicon Surfaces with Functional Organic Alkenes
Surface Chemical Functionalization of Oxide-free Si(111) Surfaces and Silicon Nitride
Author: Tatiana Peixoto Chopra
Publisher:
Published: 2015
Total Pages: 448
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Amination of surfaces is useful in a variety of fields, ranging from device manufacturing to biological applications. Previous silicon amination studies have concentrated on the ammonia vapor dissociation on silicon surfaces, with considerably less work done using liquid phase ammonia. Bifunctional molecules such as diamines are particularly attractive for surface amination since they can form different surface structures. In contrast to ammonia modification of silicon surfaces, direct grafting of diamine molecules to silicon is almost nonexistent in literature. Therefore in this dissertation, the study of amination of silicon surfaces using liquid phase ammonia and diamine reactions will be done. The approach used to study these complex liquid systems involves a systematic set of well-defined surfaces (oxide-free H-, 1/3 monolayer (ML) F- and Cl-terminated Si(111)), chosen for their atomic roughness and single reaction site. This systematic set is instrumental for achieving our goal of fundamentally understanding the reaction mechanisms and surface reactions in liquid phase. Results show that amines and diamines physisorb on the H-terminated Si(111) surface and chemisorb on the 1/3 ML F- and Cl-terminated surfaces, with full removal of the chlorine observed. Both studies showed evidence of oxidation or oxynitride formation, and surprisingly, Si-H bond formation on the previously hydrogen-free Cl-terminated Si(111) surface, which is attributed to a step edge reaction in the case of ammonia and a chlorine-proton exchange in the case of ethylenediamine. On stoichiometric silicon nitride surfaces, we find that HF etching leads to etchant salt formation if not immediately water rinsed. A salt-free HF-etched silicon nitride surface contained coverages of various terminations including: ~70% ML fluorine, ~40% ML hydroxide and ~20% ML amine. Selective functionalization of silicon nitride over oxide surfaces was achieved by using a Schiff base reaction, involving the conversion of the amine surface groups to imines using undecanal. These results illustrate the need and relevance of in-situ characterization to fully exploit semiconductor and oxide surfaces. A better understanding of the surface reaction mechanisms can provide the scientific community a deeper understanding of the reaction outcomes on these different surfaces, and in the future could aid in the development of silicon surface modifications.
Biofunctionalization on Hydrogen-terminated Silicon(111) Surfaces
Author: Kai Liu
Publisher:
Published: 2012
Total Pages:
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This thesis describes our attempt to develop a versatile bioelectrical platform based on our understanding of both surface chemical and physical processes. We envisioned the fine tuning of such platform through modification strategies such as "Click" chemistry, which allows us to control its electrochemical property. Such an endeavor would greatly benefit the study of neurological disorder diseases by providing an ideal neural culture platform, which currently presents a great challenge in interfering with neural system in vivo. Several major tasks involved in our research were: 1) improvement of organic film passivation apparatus for high quality film formation to prevent oxidation of underlying bulk silicon; 2) development of easily reproducible acetylenylated base layer on silicon surfaces for convenient introduction of organic moieties; and 3) development of novel redox biomolecule which allows attachment to acetylenylated monolayer via step-wise procedure, as well as direct electron transfer between the redox biomolecule and underlying silicon substrate. To realize our vision, we built a film passivation apparatus that provides near ideal ultra-high vacuum (UHV) condition for adsorbate grafting. The hypothesis is that by removing reactive oxygen species, a densely packed monolayer can be formed, which protects underlying bulk silicon from oxidation in both aqueous and organic electrolytes. We demonstrated monolayers presenting oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) prepared using this apparatus remained resistant to model protein fibrinogen after 56 days in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). In order to incorporate new moieties to our platform, we optimized the design of trimethylgermanyl protected acetylenylated self-assembling molecule (SAM). Subsequently, we grafted OEG onto acetylenylated base layer via a step-wise strategy to incorporate the ability to block nonspecific bindings. The anti-biofouling property of the grafted film was tested to be similar to that of the OEG-presenting film formed by pre-assembled strategy. To develop a versatile method to tune the electrochemical property of the films, we immobilized electrochemical active ferrocene moiety onto the acetylenylated silicon substrates. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to study the electrochemical property of the ferrocene grafted films. By optimizing the design of the biocompatible acetylenylated base layer, we established a simple modular approach to produce SAMs to study the electrochemical behavior of a well-studied model redox molecule.
Functionalization of Semiconductor Surfaces
Author: Franklin Tao
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2012-03-16
Total Pages: 456
ISBN-13: 1118199804
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This book presents both fundamental knowledge and latest achievements of this rapidly growing field in the last decade. It presents a complete and concise picture of the the state-of-the-art in the field, encompassing the most active international research groups in the world. Led by contributions from leading global research groups, the book discusses the functionalization of semiconductor surface. Dry organic reactions in vacuum and wet organic chemistry in solution are two major categories of strategies for functionalization that will be described. The growth of multilayer-molecular architectures on the formed organic monolayers will be documented. The immobilization of biomolecules such as DNA on organic layers chemically attached to semiconductor surfaces will be introduced. The patterning of complex structures of organic layers and metallic nanoclusters toward sensing techniques will be presented as well.
Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2018-03-29
Total Pages: 5276
ISBN-13: 0128098945
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Seven Volume Set summarizes current, fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, bringing readers the latest developments in the field. As the chemical and physical properties and processes at solid and liquid interfaces are the scientific basis of so many technologies which enhance our lives and create new opportunities, its important to highlight how these technologies enable the design and optimization of functional materials for heterogeneous and electro-catalysts in food production, pollution control, energy conversion and storage, medical applications requiring biocompatibility, drug delivery, and more. This book provides an interdisciplinary view that lies at the intersection of these fields. Presents fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, surface science and electrochemistry and provides cutting-edge research from academics and practitioners across various fields and global regions
Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications
Author: Hélder A. Santos
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Published: 2021-10-23
Total Pages: 646
ISBN-13: 0128225246
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications, Second Edition, provides an updated guide to the diverse range of biomedical applications of porous silicon, from biosensing and imaging to tissue engineering and cancer therapy. Across biomedical disciplines, there is an ongoing search for biomaterials that are biocompatible, modifiable, structurally sound, and versatile. Porous silicon possesses a range of properties that make it ideal for a variety of biomedical applications, such as controllable geometry, tunable nanoporous structure, large pore volume/high specific surface area, and versatile surface chemistry. This book provides a fully updated and detailed overview of the range of biomedical applications for porous silicon. Part One offers the reader a helpful insight into the fundamentals and beneficial properties of porous silicon, including thermal properties and stabilization, photochemical and nonthermal chemical modification, protein modification, and biocompatibility. The book then builds on the systematic detailing of each biomedical application using porous silicon, from bioimaging and sensing to drug delivery and tissue engineering. This new edition also includes new chapters on in-vivo assessment of porous silicon, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, micro- and nanoneedles, Raman imaging, cancer immunotherapy, and more. With its acclaimed editor and international team of expert contributors, Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications, Second Edition, is a technical resource and indispensable guide for all those involved in the research, development, and application of porous silicon and other biomaterials, while providing a comprehensive introduction for students and academics interested in this field. Reviews the fundamental aspects of porous silicon, including the fabrication and unique properties of this useful material. Discusses a broad selection of biomedical applications, offering a detailed insight into the benefits of porous silicon in both research and clinical settings. Includes fully updated content from the previous edition, as well as brand new chapters, covering topics such as porous silicon micro- and nanoneedles, and cancer immunotherapy.
Porous Silicon in Practice
Author: M. J. Sailor
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2012-01-09
Total Pages: 214
ISBN-13: 3527641912
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →By means of electrochemical treatment, crystalline silicon can be permeated with tiny, nanostructured pores that entirely change the characteristics and properties of the material. One prominent example of this can be seen in the interaction of porous silicon with living cells, which can be totally unwilling to settle on smooth silicon surfaces but readily adhere to porous silicon, giving rise to great hopes for such future applications as programmable drug delivery or advanced, braincontrolled prosthetics. Porous silicon research is active in the fields of sensors, tissue engineering, medical therapeutics and diagnostics, photovoltaics, rechargeable batteries, energetic materials, photonics, and MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems). Written by an outstanding, well-recognized expert in the field, this book provides detailed, step-by-step instructions to prepare and characterize the major types of porous silicon. It is intended for those new to the fi eld. Sampling of topics covered: * Principles of Etching Porous Silicon * Etch Cell Construction and Considerations * Photonic Crystals, Microcavities, and Bragg Stacks Etched in Silicon * Preparation of Free-standing Films and Particles of Porous Silicon * Preparation of Photoluminescent Nanoparticles from Porous Silicon * Preparation of Silicon Nanowires by Electrochemical Etch of Silicon * Surface Modifi cation Chemistry and Biochemistry * Measurement of Optical Properties * Measurement of Pore Size, Porosity, Thickness, Surface Area The whole is backed by a generous use of color photographs to illustrate the described procedures in detail, plus a bibliography of further literature pertinent to a wide range of application fi elds. For materials scientists, chemists, physicists, optical physicists, biomaterials scientists, neurobiologists, bioengineers, and graduate students in those fields, as well as those working in the semiconductor industry.
Functionalization of Semiconductor Surfaces
Author: Franklin Tao
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Published: 2012-04-10
Total Pages: 456
ISBN-13: 0470562943
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This book presents both fundamental knowledge and latest achievements of this rapidly growing field in the last decade. It presents a complete and concise picture of the the state-of-the-art in the field, encompassing the most active international research groups in the world. Led by contributions from leading global research groups, the book discusses the functionalization of semiconductor surface. Dry organic reactions in vacuum and wet organic chemistry in solution are two major categories of strategies for functionalization that will be described. The growth of multilayer-molecular architectures on the formed organic monolayers will be documented. The immobilization of biomolecules such as DNA on organic layers chemically attached to semiconductor surfaces will be introduced. The patterning of complex structures of organic layers and metallic nanoclusters toward sensing techniques will be presented as well.
Chemical Bonding at Surfaces and Interfaces
Author: Anders Nilsson
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2011-08-11
Total Pages: 533
ISBN-13: 0080551912
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Molecular surface science has made enormous progress in the past 30 years. The development can be characterized by a revolution in fundamental knowledge obtained from simple model systems and by an explosion in the number of experimental techniques. The last 10 years has seen an equally rapid development of quantum mechanical modeling of surface processes using Density Functional Theory (DFT). Chemical Bonding at Surfaces and Interfaces focuses on phenomena and concepts rather than on experimental or theoretical techniques. The aim is to provide the common basis for describing the interaction of atoms and molecules with surfaces and this to be used very broadly in science and technology. The book begins with an overview of structural information on surface adsorbates and discusses the structure of a number of important chemisorption systems. Chapter 2 describes in detail the chemical bond between atoms or molecules and a metal surface in the observed surface structures. A detailed description of experimental information on the dynamics of bond-formation and bond-breaking at surfaces make up Chapter 3. Followed by an in-depth analysis of aspects of heterogeneous catalysis based on the d-band model. In Chapter 5 adsorption and chemistry on the enormously important Si and Ge semiconductor surfaces are covered. In the remaining two Chapters the book moves on from solid-gas interfaces and looks at solid-liquid interface processes. In the final chapter an overview is given of the environmentally important chemical processes occurring on mineral and oxide surfaces in contact with water and electrolytes. Gives examples of how modern theoretical DFT techniques can be used to design heterogeneous catalysts This book suits the rapid introduction of methods and concepts from surface science into a broad range of scientific disciplines where the interaction between a solid and the surrounding gas or liquid phase is an essential component Shows how insight into chemical bonding at surfaces can be applied to a range of scientific problems in heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, environmental science and semiconductor processing Provides both the fundamental perspective and an overview of chemical bonding in terms of structure, electronic structure and dynamics of bond rearrangements at surfaces
