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Centromere

Author: Durdica Ugarkovic

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2009-06-12

Total Pages: 191

ISBN-13: 3642001823

The centromere is a chromosomal region that enables the accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. It holds sister chromatids together, and through its centromere DNA–protein complex known as the kinetochore binds spindle microtubules to bring about accurate chromosome movements. Despite this conserved function, centromeres exhibit dramatic difference in structure, size, and complexity. Extensive studies on centromeric DNA revealed its rapid evolution resulting often in significant difference even among closely related species. Such a plasticity of centromeric DNA could be explained by epigenetic c- trol of centromere function, which does not depend absolutely on primary DNA sequence. According to epigenetic centromere concept, which is thoroughly d- cussed by Tanya Panchenko and Ben Black in Chap. 1 of this book, centromere activation or inactivation might be caused by modifications of chromatin. Such acquired chromatin epigenetic modifications are then inherited from one cell di- sion to the next. Concerning centromere-specific chromatin modification, it is now evident that all centromeres contain a centromere specific histone H3 variant, CenH3, which replaces histone H3 in centromeric nucleosomes and provides a structural basis that epigenetically defines centromere and differentiates it from the surrounding chromatin. Recent insights into the CenH3 presented in this chapter add important mechanistic understanding of how centromere identity is initially established and subsequently maintained in every cell cycle.

Plant Centromere Biology

Author: Jiming Jiang

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-01-23

Total Pages: 363

ISBN-13: 1118525558

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Plant Centromere Biology is dedicated to plant centromere research. Chapters cover the structure of centromeres from several plant species including Arabidopsis thaliana, rice, maize, wheat and beet, while other sections cover several unique characteristics associated with plant centromeres, including classical and modern neocentromeres, centromere drive and centromere misdivision. Additional chapters are dedicated to epigenetic modification and evolution of plant centromeres, and development and application of plant artificial chromosomes. Written by an international group of experts in the field, Plant Centromere Biology is a valuable handbook for all plant scientists working on plant genome research. Beyond the bench, it can also serve as a helpful reference tool or textbook for upper level college classes on cytogenetics or genome analysis.

Centromeres and Kinetochores

Author: Ben E. Black

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-08-23

Total Pages: 554

ISBN-13: 3319585924

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This book presents the latest advances concerning the regulation of chromosome segregation during cell division by means of centromeres and kinetochores. The authors cover both state-of-the-art techniques and a range of species and model systems, shedding new light on the molecular mechanisms controlling the transmission of genetic material between cell divisions and from parent to offspring. The chapters cover five major areas related to the current study of centromeres and kinetochores: 1) their genetic and epigenetic features, 2) key breakthroughs at the molecular, proteomic, imaging and biochemical level, 3) the constitutive centromere proteins, 4) the role of centromere proteins in the physical process of chromosome segregation and its careful orchestration through elaborate regulation, and 5) intersections with reproductive biology, human health and disease, as well as chromosome evolution. The book offers an informative and provocative guide for newcomers as well as those already acquainted with the field.

The Centromere

Author: K. H. Andy Choo

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 328

ISBN-13:

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The centromere is an essential structure on all eukaryotic chromosomes that allows the equipartition of chromosomes during mitotic and meiotic cell divisions. Since its cytogenetic recognition as a constructed part of a chromosome many decades ago, great advances have been made in ourunderstanding of this intriguing structure, especially at the molecular level. This book brings together all available information on the centromere. It covers in details the DNA and protein components of this structure, and their individual functions, in species as diverse as budding and fissionyeasts, nematodes, Drosophila, mice, and humans; newly discovered roles of the centromere in marshalling "passenger" proteins; important emerging concepts such as latent centromeres and epigenetic factors; cytogenetic problems associated with centromere abnormalities; and practical application ofcentromere studies, such as in the construction of human artificial chromosomes for gene therapy. Supported by ample illustrations, the book is written with sufficient simplicity and detail to suit both specialist and non-specialist scholars. It is the first book on the subject

Chromatin Regulation and Dynamics

Author: Anita Göndör

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2016-10-25

Total Pages: 496

ISBN-13: 0128034025

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Chromatin Regulation and Dynamics integrates knowledge on the dynamic regulation of primary chromatin fiber with the 3D nuclear architecture, then connects related processes to circadian regulation of cellular metabolic states, representing a paradigm of adaptation to environmental changes. The final chapters discuss the many ways chromatin dynamics can synergize to fundamentally contribute to the development of complex diseases. Chromatin dynamics, which is strategically positioned at the gene-environment interface, is at the core of disease development. As such, Chromatin Regulation and Dynamics, part of the Translational Epigenetics series, facilitates the flow of information between research areas such as chromatin regulation, developmental biology, and epidemiology by focusing on recent findings of the fast-moving field of chromatin regulation. Presents and discusses novel principles of chromatin regulation and dynamics with a cross-disciplinary perspective Promotes crosstalk between basic sciences and their applications in medicine Provides a framework for future studies on complex diseases by integrating various aspects of chromatin biology with cellular metabolic states, with an emphasis on the dynamic nature of chromatin and stochastic principles Integrates knowledge on the dynamic regulation of primary chromatin fiber with 3D nuclear architecture, then connects related processes to circadian regulation of cellular metabolic states, representing a paradigm of adaptation to environmental changes

Introduction to Genetic Analysis

Author: Anthony J.F. Griffiths

Publisher: Macmillan

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 872

ISBN-13: 9780716768876

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Provides an introduction to genetic analysis. This book covers contemporary genetics, and helps students understand the essentials of genetics, featuring various experiments, teaching them how to analyze data, and how to draw their own conclusions

Molecular Biology of The Cell

Author: Bruce Alberts

Publisher:

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780815332183

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Plant Genomes

Author: Jean-Nicolas Volff

Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers

Published: 2008-01-01

Total Pages: 155

ISBN-13: 3805584911

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Recent major advances in the field of comparative genomics and cytogenomics of plants, particularly associated with the completion of ambitious genome projects, have uncovered astonishing facets of the architecture and evolutionary history of plant genomes. The aim of this book was to review these recent developments as well as their implications in our understanding of the mechanisms which drive plant diversity. New insights into the evolution of gene functions, gene families and genome size are presented, with particular emphasis on the evolutionary impact of polyploidization and transposable elements. Knowledge on the structure and evolution of plant sex chromosomes, centromeres and microRNAs is reviewed and updated. Taken together, the contributions by internationally recognized experts present a panoramic overview of the structural features and evolutionary dynamics of plant genomes.This volume of Genome Dynamics will provide researchers, teachers and students in the fields of biology and agronomy with a valuable source of current knowledge on plant genomes.

Centrosome and Centriole

Author:

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2015-09-10

Total Pages: 434

ISBN-13: 0128026383

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This new volume of Methods in Cell Biology looks at methods for analyzing centrosomes and centrioles. Chapters cover such topics as methods to analyze centrosomes, centriole biogenesis and function in multi-ciliated cells, laser manipulation of centrosomes or CLEM, analysis of centrosomes in human cancers and tissues, proximity interaction techniques to study centrosomes, and genome engineering for creating conditional alleles in human cells. Covers sections on model systems and functional studies, imaging-based approaches and emerging studies Chapters are written by experts in the field Cutting-edge material

Chromosomes

Author: Adrian T. Sumner

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2008-04-30

Total Pages: 304

ISBN-13: 0470695226

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Integrating classical knowledge of chromosome organisation with recent molecular and functional findings, this book presents an up-to-date view of chromosome organisation and function for advanced undergraduate students studying genetics. The organisation and behaviour of chromosomes is central to genetics and the equal segregation of genes and chromosomes into daughter cells at cell division is vital. This text aims to provide a clear and straightforward explanation of these complex processes. Following a brief historical introduction, the text covers the topics of cell cycle dynamics and DNA replication; mitosis and meiosis; the organisation of DNA into chromatin; the arrangement of chromosomes in interphase; euchromatin and heterochromatin; nucleolus organisers; centromeres and telomeres; lampbrush and polytene chromosomes; chromosomes and evolution; chromosomes and disease, and artificial chromosomes. Topics are illustrated with examples from a wide variety of organisms, including fungi, plants, invertebrates and vertebrates. This book will be valuable resource for plant, animal and human geneticists and cell biologists. Originally a zoologist, Adrian Sumner has spent over 25 years studying human and other mammalian chromosomes with the Medical Research Council (UK). One of the pioneers of chromosome banding, he has used electron microscopy and immunofluorescence to study chromosome organisation and function, and latterly has studied factors involved in chromosome separation at mitosis. Adrian is an Associate Editor of the journal Chromosome Research, acts as a consultant biologist and is also Chair of the Committee of the International Chromosome Conferences. The most up-to-date overview of chromosomes in all their forms. Introduces cutting-edge topics such as artificial chromosomes and studies of telomere biology. Describes the methods used to study chromosomes. The perfect complement to Turner.