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Carbon Finance and Pro-poor Co-benefits

Author: Rachel Godfrey Wood

Publisher: IIED

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 42

ISBN-13: 1843698072

This paper assesses the practical contribution of the Gold Standard (GS) and Climate Community and Biodiversity (CCB) Standards to local development through the identification of high quality carbon offset projects and ensuring high standards of consultation with local communities during project development and implementation. It is based on desk research, involving analysis of the GS and CCB Standards' project databases, project design documents, and secondary literature. In addition, over 20 representatives of the two standards systems, project developers, NGO representatives, and researchers were interviewed. The paper concludes that both standard systems successfully reward high quality projects which have a demonstrated commitment to local consultations and sustainable development benefits. Moreover, they serve to give well-meaning project developers frameworks with which to ensure that a wide range of criteria are considered in planning and implementing projects. As voluntary standards, it is unrealistic to expect either the GS or CCB Standards to improve poor-quality or unsustainable projects. The paper also shows an inverse relationship between mitigation and significant co-benefits, imposing a limit on the extent to which both can be achieved simultaneously, This is unsurprising given that carbon markets are primarily tools for greenhouse gas mitigation rather than for development or extending energy access.

Environmental Finance for Pro-poor Development

Author: Shirish Sinha

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 28

ISBN-13:

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With reference to India.

The Poverty and Distributional Impacts of Carbon Pricing: Channels and Policy Implications

Author: Baoping Shang

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2021-06-25

Total Pages: 32

ISBN-13: 151357339X

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Addressing the poverty and distributional impacts of carbon pricing reforms is critical for the success of ambitious actions in the fight against climate change. This paper uses a simple framework to systematically review the channels through which carbon pricing can potentially affect poverty and inequality. It finds that the channels differ in important ways along several dimensions. The paper also identifies several key gaps in the current literature and discusses some considerations on how policy designs could take into account the attributes of the channels in mitigating the impacts of carbon pricing reforms on households.

Evaluating Climate Change Action for Sustainable Development

Author: Juha I. Uitto

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-01-11

Total Pages: 365

ISBN-13: 331943702X

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This book is open access under a Creative Commons license. This authoritative book presents the ever progressing state of the art in evaluating climate change strategies and action. It builds upon a selection of relevant and practical papers and presentations given at the 2nd International Conference on Evaluating Climate Change and Development held in Washington DC in 2014 and includes perspectives from independent evaluations of the major international organisations supporting climate action in developing countries, such as the Global Environment Facility. The first section of the book sets the stage and provides an overview of independent evaluations, carried out by multilateral development banks and development organisations. Important topics include how policies and organisations aim to achieve impact and how this is measured, whether climate change is mainstreamed into other development programs, and whether operations are meeting the urgency of climate change challenges. The following sections focus on evaluation of climate change projects and policies as they link to development, from the perspective of international organisations, NGO’s, multilateral and bilateral aid agencies, and academia. The authors share methodologies or approaches used to better understand problems and assess interventions, strategies and policies. They also share challenges encountered, what was done to solve these and lessons learned from evaluations. Collectively, the authors illustrate the importance of evaluation in providing evidence to guide policy change to informed decision-making.

The Micro-carbon-financing Mechanism

Author: John Lord

Publisher:

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 179

ISBN-13: 9781339673783

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As the evolving landscape of policies and programs take shape to grapple climate change mitigation and adaptation, the "bottom billion" have been for the most part excluded despite being the most at risk. Efforts to directly reduce global poverty have also limitedly embraced cost-efficient sustainable growth, trending instead towards increasingly unsustainable livelihoods dependent on resource extraction and ecosystem degradation. Along a business-as-usual (BAU) trajectory development and growth will exceed the carrying capacity of the global ecosystem. A solution is presented in this paper that builds on the shortcomings of existing development practices. It will endeavor to elucidate the initial design of a holistic synergy between the conservation of ecosystem services and economic growth - the Micro-Carbon-Financing Mechanism (MCFM) - specifically targeted to benefit the "bottom billion." Typifying the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities," the MCFM will empower and sustainably fund the most vulnerable in our global community, allowing them to respond to climate change independently and on a scale harmonized to their livelihoods and impacts. By offering the "bottom billion" a new stream of monetized assets with incremental access to existing payment for ecosystem service (PES) schemes, namely carbon markets, the MCFM could potentially be a game-changing tool for responding to climate change and allow the poorest to self-determine their own sustainable development.

Law, Tropical Forests and Carbon

Author: Rosemary Lyster

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2013-03-21

Total Pages: 309

ISBN-13: 1107028809

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This interdisciplinary and in-depth critical analysis of REDD+ offers perspectives on its enforcement under international law.

How Much Carbon Pricing is in Countries’ Own Interests? The Critical Role of Co-Benefits

Author: Ian W.H. Parry

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2014-09-17

Total Pages: 36

ISBN-13: 1498330142

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This paper calculates, for the top twenty emitting countries, how much pricing of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is in their own national interests due to domestic co-benefits (leaving aside the global climate benefits). On average, nationally efficient prices are substantial, $57.5 per ton of CO2 (for year 2010), reflecting primarily health co-benefits from reduced air pollution at coal plants and, in some cases, reductions in automobile externalities (net of fuel taxes/subsidies). Pricing co-benefits reduces CO2 emissions from the top twenty emitters by 13.5 percent (a 10.8 percent reduction in global emissions). However, co-benefits vary dramatically across countries (e.g., with population exposure to pollution) and differentiated pricing of CO2 emissions therefore yields higher net benefits (by 23 percent) than uniform pricing. Importantly, the efficiency case for pricing carbon’s co-benefits hinges critically on (i) weak prospects for internalizing other externalities through other pricing instruments and (ii) productive use of carbon pricing revenues.

The Political Economy of Low Carbon Resilient Development

Author: Susannah Fisher

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Published: 2016-10-04

Total Pages: 187

ISBN-13: 1317393724

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Over the last decade, policies and financing decisions aiming to support low carbon resilient development within the least developed countries have been implemented across several regions. Some governments are steered by international frameworks, such as the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), while others take their own approach to planning and implementing climate resilient actions. Within these diverse approaches however, there are unspoken assumptions and normative assessments of what the solutions to climate change are, who the most appropriate actors are and who should benefit from these actions. This book examines the political economy dynamics or the underlying values, knowledge, discourses, resources and power relationships behind decisions that support low carbon resilient development in the least developed countries. While much has been written on the politics of climate change, this book will focus on the political economy of national planning and the ways in which the least developed countries are moving from climate resilient planning to implementation. The book will use empirical evidence of low carbon resilient development planning in four countries: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Nepal. Different approaches to low carbon resilience are critically analysed based on detailed analysis of key policy areas. This book will be of great interest to policy makers, practitioners’ students and scholars of climate change and sustainable development.

Macroeconomic and Financial Policies for Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of the Literature

Author: Signe Krogstrup

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2019-09-04

Total Pages: 58

ISBN-13: 1513511955

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Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of this century. Mitigation requires a large-scale transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper provides an overview of the rapidly growing literature on the role of macroeconomic and financial policy tools in enabling this transition. The literature provides a menu of policy tools for mitigation. A key conclusion is that fiscal tools are first in line and central, but can and may need to be complemented by financial and monetary policy instruments. Some tools and policies raise unanswered questions about policy tool assignment and mandates, which we describe. The literature is scarce, however, on the most effective policy mix and the role of mitigation tools and goals in the overall policy framework.