Cancer Biomarkers and Targets in Digestive Organs

Cancer Biomarkers and Targets in Digestive Organs PDF

Author: Nikki P. Lee

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2019-09-03

Total Pages: 146

ISBN-13: 3039214632

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Identification and development of cancer biomarkers and targets have greatly accelerated progress towards precision medicine in oncology. Studies of tumor biology have not only provided insights into the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, but also led to discovery of molecules that have been developed into cancer biomarkers and targets. Multi-platforms for molecular characterization of tumors using next-generation genomic sequencing, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and blood-based biopsies have greatly expanded the portfolio of potential biomarkers and targets. These cancer biomarkers have been developed for diagnosis, early detection, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. The molecular targets have been exploited for anti-cancer therapy and delivery of therapeutic agents. This Special Issue of Biomedicines focuses on recent advances in the discovery, characterization, translation, and clinical application of cancer biomarkers and targets in malignant diseases of the digestive system. The goal is to stimulate basic and translational research and clinical collaboration in this exciting field with the hope of developing strategies for prevention and early detection/diagnosis of cancer in digestive organs, and improving therapeutic and psychosocial outcomes in patients with these malignant diseases.

Cancer Biomarkers and Targets in Digestive Organs

Cancer Biomarkers and Targets in Digestive Organs PDF

Author: Nelson Yee

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 1

ISBN-13: 9783039214648

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Identification and development of cancer biomarkers and targets have greatly accelerated progress towards precision medicine in oncology. Studies of tumor biology have not only provided insights into the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, but also led to discovery of molecules that have been developed into cancer biomarkers and targets. Multi-platforms for molecular characterization of tumors using next-generation genomic sequencing, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and blood-based biopsies have greatly expanded the portfolio of potential biomarkers and targets. These cancer biomarkers have been developed for diagnosis, early detection, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. The molecular targets have been exploited for anti-cancer therapy and delivery of therapeutic agents. This Special Issue of Biomedicines focuses on recent advances in the discovery, characterization, translation, and clinical application of cancer biomarkers and targets in malignant diseases of the digestive system. The goal is to stimulate basic and translational research and clinical collaboration in this exciting field with the hope of developing strategies for prevention and early detection/diagnosis of cancer in digestive organs, and improving therapeutic and psychosocial outcomes in patients with these malignant diseases.

Recent Advancements in Biomarkers and Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Cancers

Recent Advancements in Biomarkers and Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Cancers PDF

Author: Pallaval Veera Bramhachari

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-07-21

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13: 981154431X

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This book describes various novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. It also highlights recent advances in understanding the role of molecular markers and biomarkers, such as volatile biomarkers, serum biomarkers, predictive and prognostic molecular markers for the early detection of GI cancers. Further, it discusses novel biomarkers, including circulating microRNAs, serum microRNA and plasma microRNA in GI cancer. The book presents breakthrough technologies like ultra-sensitive nano-chips, nanosensors, nanodevices, biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, optical biosensors, DNA biosensors, synthetic biology devices, and 'omics' technologies for the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer. In addition it examines the potential of genome-wide association studies, big data analytics, computation biology, systems biology, and nanotechnology for early diagnostics and therapeutics for gastrointestinal cancer, with a focus on personalized cancer treatment. The book is a valuable source for researchers and clinicians engaged in detection and diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers.

Recent Advancements in Biomarkers and Detection of Gastrointestinal Cancers

Recent Advancements in Biomarkers and Detection of Gastrointestinal Cancers PDF

Author: Mikhael Kular

Publisher: American Medical Publishers

Published: 2023-09-19

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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A biomarker is a biological molecule present in the blood, other body fluids or tissues, that indicates normal or abnormal process, condition or a disease. It can act as an alternative tool and is helpful in selecting accurate treatment in various diseases. Gastrointestinal cancer is a malignant condition affecting gastrointestinal tract and organs of the digestive system including the stomach, pancreas, esophagus, small and large intestine, biliary system, rectum and anus. In the case of esophageal cancer, methylation of DNA can be used as a biomarker for early detection because methylation patterns appear in the initial stages. Protein biomarkers are utilized as markers for gastric tumor for effective diagnosis, prognosis and checking for recurrence of cancer after treatment. Various biomarkers that are utilized in case of stomach cancer include antigens like CA12-5 and CA72-4 as well as alpha-fetoprotein. This book provides comprehensive insights on biomarkers. The topics covered herein deal with the core aspects of the detection of gastrointestinal cancers through biomarkers. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Essential Concepts in Molecular Pathology

Essential Concepts in Molecular Pathology PDF

Author: William B. Coleman

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2019-11-23

Total Pages: 634

ISBN-13: 0128132582

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Essential Concepts in Molecular Pathology, Second Edition, offers an introduction to molecular genetics and the "molecular" aspects of human disease. The book illustrates how pathologists harness their understanding of these entities to develop new diagnostics and treatments for various human diseases. This new edition offers pathology, genetics residents, and molecular pathology fellows an advanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease that goes beyond what they learned in medical and graduate school. By bridging molecular concepts of pathogenesis to the clinical expression of disease in cell, tissue and organ, this fully updated, introductory reference provides the background necessary for an understanding of today’s advances in pathology and medicine. Explains the practice of "molecular medicine" and the translational aspects of molecular pathology, including molecular diagnostics, molecular assessment and personalized medicine Orients non-pathologists on what pathologists look for and how they interpret their observational findings based on histopathology Provides the reader with what is missing from most targeted introductions to pathology—the cell biology behind pathophysiology

Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Colon Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy PDF

Author: Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-06-10

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 3030633691

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health challenge as the third leading cause for cancer related mortalities worldwide. Despite advances in therapeutic strategies, the five-year survival rate for CRC patients has remained the same over time due to the fact that patients are often diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages. Drug resistance is another common reason for poor prognosis. Researchers are now developing advanced therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and combination nanotechnology for drug delivery. In addition, the identification of new biomarkers will potentiate early stage diagnosis. This book is the first of three volumes on recent developments in colorectal diagnosis and therapy. Each volume can be read on its own, or together. Each volume focuses on different novel therapeutic advances, biomarkers, and identifies therapeutic targets for treatment. Written by leading international experts in the field, coverage also addresses the role of diet habits and lifestyle in reducing gastrointestinal disorders and incidence of CRC. Chapters discuss current and future diagnostic and therapeutic options for colorectal cancer patients, focusing on immunotherapeutic, nanomedicine, biomarkers, and dietary factors for the effective management of colon cancer.

Alterations of Epigenetics and MicroRNAs in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cell

Alterations of Epigenetics and MicroRNAs in Cancer and Cancer Stem Cell PDF

Author: Yoshimasa Saito

Publisher: Frontiers E-books

Published: 2014-11-10

Total Pages: 80

ISBN-13: 2889193454

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Studies have shown that alterations of epigenetics and microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the initiation and progression of human cancer. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer cells is generally mediated by DNA hypermethylation of CpG island promoter and histone modification such as methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and tri-methylation of H3K27. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of various target genes. Specific miRNAs are aberrantly expressed and play roles as tumor suppressors or oncogenes during carcinogenesis. Important tumor suppressor miRNAs are silenced by epigenetic alterations, resulting in activation of target oncogenes in human malignancies. Stem cells have the ability to perpetuate themselves through self-renewal and to generate mature cells of various tissues through differentiation. Accumulating evidence suggests that a subpopulation of cancer cells with distinct stem-like properties is responsible for tumor initiation, invasive growth, and metastasis formation, which is defined as cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are considered to be resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, suggesting that these cells are important targets of cancer therapy. DNA methylation, histone modification and miRNAs may be deeply involved in stem-like properties in cancer cells. Restoring the expression of tumor suppressor genes and miRNAs by chromatin modifying drugs may be a promising therapeutic approach for cancer stem cells. In this Research Topic, we discuss about alterations of epigenetics and miRNAs in cancer and cancer stem cell and understand the molecular mechanism underlying the formation of cancer stem cell, which may provide a novel insight for treatment of refractory cancer.

Problem Solving in Abdominal Imaging with CD-ROM

Problem Solving in Abdominal Imaging with CD-ROM PDF

Author: Neal C. Dalrymple, MD

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2009-06-29

Total Pages: 740

ISBN-13: 0323043534

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Elsevier's new Problem Solving in Abdominal Imaging offers you a concise, practical, and instructional approach to your most common imaging questions. It presents basic principles of problem solving to apply to imaging the abdominal and pelvic organs, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract. Inside, you'll find expert guidance on how to accurately read what you see, and how to perform critical techniques including biopsy and percutaneous drainage. User-friendly features, such as tables and boxes, tips, pitfalls, and rules of thumb, place today's best practices at your fingertips. A full-color design, including more than 700 high-quality images, highlights critical elements and compliments the text, to enhance your understanding. Best of all, a bonus CD provides you with an atlas of basic surgical procedures and survival guides for managing musculoskeletal and chest findings encountered on abdominal imaging examinations. Provides problem-solving advice to help you find abnormalities and accurately identify what you see. Presents a section devoted to clinical scenarios-organized by presenting signs or disease processes-covering those you're most likely to encounter in daily practice. Includes tips for optimization of the most common advanced imaging techniques used for the abdominal and pelvic regions-with general indications for use and special situations-to help you make the most of each modality. Offers step-by-step guidance that will help you safely approach challenging abdominal interventions, reduce complications, and improve outcomes. Features tables and boxes, tips, pitfalls, and other teaching points for easy reference. Incorporates high-quality images and a full-color design that illuminate important elements. Includes a CD containing an atlas of basic surgical procedures and survival guides for managing incidental musculoskeletal and chest findings encountered on abdominal imaging examinations.

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