Calvin the Magistrate

Calvin the Magistrate PDF

Author: George J. Gatgounis

Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers

Published: 2021-01-29

Total Pages: 174

ISBN-13: 1725261170

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The legal and political scenario of Calvin’s day involved upheavals deriving from the force of religion upon law. Whole cities, provinces, and states came under Reformation influence, ranging from quiet individual conversions to Protestantism to the hysteria of community iconoclasm. The transformation of these societies, however, was not moving away from a religious worldview; rather, the transformation was a movement of one religion to another. In Calvin’s day, secularism, pluralism, and religious toleration were nonexistent. Europe was not in the thrall of the question “Should religion in public life be tolerated?” but rather “Which religion should be enforced, to the banning of all others?” Calvin was a driven man, but a valid question drove him: “What is the true religion?” And deriving from the central question were corollaries: “What law is right law?” and “What government is right government?” Calvin’s trek would lead him to answers. Calvin concluded that, substantively, a correct political and legal system derives from the Bible, and procedurally, the system is applied by democratically elected officials, checking and balancing one another—and his views were consistent with a Reformation consensus.

God and the Civil Government

God and the Civil Government PDF

Author: John Calvin

Publisher:

Published: 2020-05-02

Total Pages: 108

ISBN-13:

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From the duties of Christians at the ballot box to the doctrine of the lesser magistrate, John Calvin (1509-1564) had much to say on the institution and workings of civil government. Included in this volume are his thoughts on elections, rulers, judges, and civil office. His writings discuss the role of God's law in jurisprudence and stipulate the standards by which nations must be governed. He examines just magistrates and tyrants, honor and obedience, and the overruling hand of providence found in all offices and positions of authority. He also issues a biblical warning against fearing men or favoring an unjust cause in judgment. Pertinent in its thought and stunning in its applicability to contemporary law and politics, Calvin's sermons and writings present a refreshing analysis of the providential institution of civil government and the various jurisdictions of life. His deep understanding of both the nature of man and the root of rebellion and revolution as well as the duties of rulers and citizens in the civil sphere and before God offers the modern reader a powerful and relevant exposition of Scripture's teachings on government and society. God and the Civil Government is composed of excerpts from Calvin's sermons on Deuteronomy preached in Geneva in 1555 and 1556. The text has been translated from the published version Sermons de M. Jean Calvin sur le v. livre de Moyse nommé Deuteronome (Thomas Courteau, Geneva, 1567) and has been duly compared with Arthur Golding's English translation published in 1583 under the title The Sermons of M. John Calvin upon the Fifth Book of Moses (printed by Henry Middleton for Thomas Woodcocke, London). Alongside these sermons, chapters six through eleven of this volume have been taken from Calvin's writing on the civil government in his Institutes of the Christian Religion.

The Doctrine of the Lesser Magistrates

The Doctrine of the Lesser Magistrates PDF

Author: Matthew J. Trewhella

Publisher: CreateSpace

Published: 2013-08-10

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 9781482327687

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America has entered troubling times. The rule of law is crumbling. The massive expansion of Federal government power with its destructive laws and policies is of grave concern to many. But what can be done to quell the abuse of power by civil authority? Are unjust or immoral actions by the government simply to be accepted and their lawless commands obeyed? How do we know when the government has acted tyrannically? Which actions constitute proper and legitimate resistance? This book places in your hands a hopeful blueprint for freedom. Appealing to history and the Word of God, Pastor Matthew Trewhella answers these questions and shows how Americans can successfully resist the Federal government's attempts to trample our Constitution, assault our liberty, and impugn the law of God. The doctrine of the lesser magistrates declares that when the superior or higher civil authority makes an unjust/immoral law or decree, the lesser or lower ranking civil authority has both the right and duty to refuse obedience to that superior authority. If necessary, the lower authority may even actively resist the superior authority. Historically, this doctrine was practiced before the time of Christ and Christianity. It was Christian men, however, who formalized and embedded it into their political institutions throughout Western Civilization. The doctrine of the lesser magistrates is a historic tool that provides proven guidelines for proper and legitimate resistance to tyranny, often without causing any major upheaval in society. The doctrine teaches us how to rein in lawless acts by government and restore justice in our nation. "Use this sword against my enemies, if I give righteous commands; but if I give unrighteous commands, use it against me." -Roman Emperor Trajan, speaking to one of his subordinates This is the first book published solely addressing the doctrine of the lesser magistrates in over 400 years. Matthew Trewhella is the pastor of Mercy Seat Christian Church. He is a graduate of Valley Forge Christian College. He and his wife, Clara, have eleven children and nine grandchildren, and reside in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin area. His research and teaching on the lesser magistrate doctrine is reshaping the thinking of Americans. He was instrumental in publishing the Magdeburg Confession in 2012 - the first English translation of the document since it was written in 1550.

Calvin in Context

Calvin in Context PDF

Author: David Steinmetz

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2010-10-14

Total Pages: 326

ISBN-13: 0199889961

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The book illuminates Calvin's thought by placing it in the context of the theological and exegetical traditions--ancient, medieval, and contemporary-- that formed it and contributed to its particular texture. Steinmetz addresses a range of issues almost as wide as the Reformation itself, including the knowledge of God, the problem of iconoclasm, the doctrines of justification and predestination, and the role of the state and the civil magistrate. Along the way, Steinmetz also clarifies the substance of Calvin's quarrels with Lutherans, Catholics, Anabaptists, and assorted radicals from Ochino to Sozzini. For the new edition he has added a new Preface and four new chapters based on recent published and unpublished essays. An accessible yet authoritative general introduction to Calvin's thought, Calvin in Context engages a much wider range of primary sources than the standard introductions. It provides a context for understanding Calvin not from secondary literature about the later middle ages and Renaissance, but from the writings of Calvin's own contemporaries and the rich sources from which they drew.

Calvin's Doctrine of the State

Calvin's Doctrine of the State PDF

Author: Mark J. Larson

Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers

Published: 2009-01-08

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 1498275540

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Contemporary treatments of Calvin's political views often imply that he embraced a theocratic civil polity and that he was committed to holy war doctrine. On the basis of the primary sources, the first half of this volume argues that neither position is correct. Calvin, in his political thought, maintained the superiority of a republic as a civil polity. In addition, he placed himself firmly within the medieval just war tradition that was established by Augustine of Hippo and later reaffirmed by Thomas Aquinas. In terms of his commitment to classical just war teaching, Calvin stood in continuity with Martin Luther, even while he distanced himself from the holy war perspective of the Zurich Reformers Henry Bullinger and Peter Martyr Vermigli. In the thinking of Calvin, a war could only be authorized by the state, not the church. War had to be prosecuted with humanity and restraint, and not in the tradition of the medieval crusade. The second half of the book sets forth what Calvin actually believed on the matter of government and war. Here we examine his teaching on parliamentary resistance to monarchical tyranny and the full dimensions of his commitment to justice of war categories. Unlike Luther and Bullinger, Calvin provided a parliamentary remedy for the perennial evil of tyranny. With Vermigli and Theodore Beza siding with Calvin on this right, a body of Reformed doctrine was established to which succeeding generations could appeal for teaching, direction, and justification for taking up arms. It is clear that Calvin's political legacy is profoundly evident in the American Revolutionary War and in the constitutional determination for a republic in the United States of America. Calvin's ecclesiastical republicanism, as it came to fruition in Presbyterian church government, was a powerful impetus toward the creation of republican institutions in civil government.

Calvin's Political Theology and the Public Engagement of the Church

Calvin's Political Theology and the Public Engagement of the Church PDF

Author: Matthew J. Tuininga

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2017-04-06

Total Pages: 401

ISBN-13: 131677287X

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In Calvin's Political Theology and the Public Engagement of the Church, Matthew J. Tuininga explores a little appreciated dimension of John Calvin's political thought, his two kingdoms theology, as a model for constructive Christian participation in liberal society. Widely misunderstood as a proto-political culture warrior, due in part to his often misinterpreted role in controversies over predestination and the heretic Servetus, Calvin articulated a thoughtful approach to public life rooted in his understanding of the gospel and its teaching concerning the kingdom of God. He staked his ministry in Geneva on his commitment to keeping the church distinct from the state, abandoning simplistic approaches that placed one above the other, while rejecting the temptations of sectarianism or separatism. This revealing analysis of Calvin's vision offers timely guidance for Christians seeking a mode of faithful, respectful public engagement in democratic, pluralistic communities today.

Calvin's Theology and Its Reception

Calvin's Theology and Its Reception PDF

Author: J. Todd Billings

Publisher: Westminster John Knox Press

Published: 2012-01-01

Total Pages: 268

ISBN-13: 0664234232

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A unique resource for the study of John Calvin's theology, its reception, and insights for today.