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Brain Signals

Author: Risto J. Ilmoniemi

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2019-05-28

Total Pages: 257

ISBN-13: 0262039826

A unified treatment of the generation and analysis of brain-generated electromagnetic fields. In Brain Signals, Risto Ilmoniemi and Jukka Sarvas present the basic physical and mathematical principles of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG), describing what kind of information is available in the neuroelectromagnetic field and how the measured MEG and EEG signals can be analyzed. Unlike most previous works on these topics, which have been collections of writings by different authors using different conventions, this book presents the material in a unified manner, providing the reader with a thorough understanding of basic principles and a firm basis for analyzing data generated by MEG and EEG. The book first provides a brief introduction to brain states and the early history of EEG and MEG, describes the generation of electromagnetic fields by neuronal activity, and discusses the electromagnetic forward problem. The authors then turn to EEG and MEG analysis, offering a review of linear and matrix algebra and basic statistics needed for analysis of the data, and presenting several analysis methods: dipole fitting; the minimum norm estimate (MNE); beamforming; the multiple signal classification algorithm (MUSIC), including RAP-MUSIC with the RAP dilemma and TRAP-MUSIC, which removes the RAP dilemma; independent component analysis (ICA); and blind source separation (BSS) with joint diagonalization.

Discovering the Brain

Author: National Academy of Sciences

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1992-01-01

Total Pages: 195

ISBN-13: 0309045290

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The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Adaptive Processing of Brain Signals

Author: Saeid Sanei

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-05-28

Total Pages: 471

ISBN-13: 1118622146

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In this book, the field of adaptive learning and processing is extended to arguably one of its most important contexts which is the understanding and analysis of brain signals. No attempt is made to comment on physiological aspects of brain activity; instead, signal processing methods are developed and used to assist clinical findings. Recent developments in detection, estimation and separation of diagnostic cues from different modality neuroimaging systems are discussed. These include constrained nonlinear signal processing techniques which incorporate sparsity, nonstationarity, multimodal data, and multiway techniques. Key features: Covers advanced and adaptive signal processing techniques for the processing of electroencephalography (EEG) and magneto-encephalography (MEG) signals, and their correlation to the corresponding functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Provides advanced tools for the detection, monitoring, separation, localising and understanding of functional, anatomical, and physiological abnormalities of the brain Puts a major emphasis on brain dynamics and how this can be evaluated for the assessment of brain activity in various states such as for brain-computer interfacing emotions and mental fatigue analysis Focuses on multimodal and multiway adaptive processing of brain signals, the new direction of brain signal research

Analysis and Classification of EEG Signals for Brain–Computer Interfaces

Author: Szczepan Paszkiel

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2020-09-11

Total Pages: 132

ISBN-13: 9783030305833

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This book addresses the problem of EEG signal analysis and the need to classify it for practical use in many sample implementations of brain–computer interfaces. In addition, it offers a wealth of information, ranging from the description of data acquisition methods in the field of human brain work, to the use of Moore–Penrose pseudo inversion to reconstruct the EEG signal and the LORETA method to locate sources of EEG signal generation for the needs of BCI technology. In turn, the book explores the use of neural networks for the classification of changes in the EEG signal based on facial expressions. Further topics touch on machine learning, deep learning, and neural networks. The book also includes dedicated implementation chapters on the use of brain–computer technology in the field of mobile robot control based on Python and the LabVIEW environment. In closing, it discusses the problem of the correlation between brain–computer technology and virtual reality technology.

EEG Signal Processing

Author: Saeid Sanei

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2013-05-28

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 1118691237

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Electroencephalograms (EEGs) are becoming increasingly important measurements of brain activity and they have great potential for the diagnosis and treatment of mental and brain diseases and abnormalities. With appropriate interpretation methods they are emerging as a key methodology to satisfy the increasing global demand for more affordable and effective clinical and healthcare services. Developing and understanding advanced signal processing techniques for the analysis of EEG signals is crucial in the area of biomedical research. This book focuses on these techniques, providing expansive coverage of algorithms and tools from the field of digital signal processing. It discusses their applications to medical data, using graphs and topographic images to show simulation results that assess the efficacy of the methods. Additionally, expect to find: explanations of the significance of EEG signal analysis and processing (with examples) and a useful theoretical and mathematical background for the analysis and processing of EEG signals; an exploration of normal and abnormal EEGs, neurological symptoms and diagnostic information, and representations of the EEGs; reviews of theoretical approaches in EEG modelling, such as restoration, enhancement, segmentation, and the removal of different internal and external artefacts from the EEG and ERP (event-related potential) signals; coverage of major abnormalities such as seizure, and mental illnesses such as dementia, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease, together with their mathematical interpretations from the EEG and ERP signals and sleep phenomenon; descriptions of nonlinear and adaptive digital signal processing techniques for abnormality detection, source localization and brain-computer interfacing using multi-channel EEG data with emphasis on non-invasive techniques, together with future topics for research in the area of EEG signal processing. The information within EEG Signal Processing has the potential to enhance the clinically-related information within EEG signals, thereby aiding physicians and ultimately providing more cost effective, efficient diagnostic tools. It will be beneficial to psychiatrists, neurophysiologists, engineers, and students or researchers in neurosciences. Undergraduate and postgraduate biomedical engineering students and postgraduate epileptology students will also find it a helpful reference.

Magnetoencephalography

Author: Selma Supek

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2014-08-07

Total Pages: 999

ISBN-13: 3642330452

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Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an invaluable functional brain imaging technique that provides direct, real-time monitoring of neuronal activity necessary for gaining insight into dynamic cortical networks. Our intentions with this book are to cover the richness and transdisciplinary nature of the MEG field, make it more accessible to newcomers and experienced researchers and to stimulate growth in the MEG area. The book presents a comprehensive overview of MEG basics and the latest developments in methodological, empirical and clinical research, directed toward master and doctoral students, as well as researchers. There are three levels of contributions: 1) tutorials on instrumentation, measurements, modeling, and experimental design; 2) topical reviews providing extensive coverage of relevant research topics; and 3) short contributions on open, challenging issues, future developments and novel applications. The topics range from neuromagnetic measurements, signal processing and source localization techniques to dynamic functional networks underlying perception and cognition in both health and disease. Topical reviews cover, among others: development on SQUID-based and novel sensors, multi-modal integration (low field MRI and MEG; EEG and fMRI), Bayesian approaches to multi-modal integration, direct neuronal imaging, novel noise reduction methods, source-space functional analysis, decoding of brain states, dynamic brain connectivity, sensory-motor integration, MEG studies on perception and cognition, thalamocortical oscillations, fetal and neonatal MEG, pediatric MEG studies, cognitive development, clinical applications of MEG in epilepsy, pre-surgical mapping, stroke, schizophrenia, stuttering, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, autism, aging and neurodegeneration, MEG applications in cognitive neuropharmacology and an overview of the major open-source analysis tools.

Relationships Among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior

Author: Institute of Medicine

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 2015-02-27

Total Pages: 134

ISBN-13: 0309366860

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On July 9-10, 2014, the Institute of Medicine's Food Forum hosted a public workshop to explore emerging and rapidly developing research on relationships among the brain, the digestive system, and eating behavior. Drawing on expertise from the fields of nutrition and food science, animal and human physiology and behavior, and psychology and psychiatry as well as related fields, the purpose of the workshop was to (1) review current knowledge on the relationship between the brain and eating behavior, explore the interaction between the brain and the digestive system, and consider what is known about the brain's role in eating patterns and consumer choice; (2) evaluate current methods used to determine the impact of food on brain activity and eating behavior; and (3) identify gaps in knowledge and articulate a theoretical framework for future research. Relationships among the Brain, the Digestive System, and Eating Behavior summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.

Analyzing Neural Time Series Data

Author: Mike X Cohen

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2014-01-17

Total Pages: 615

ISBN-13: 0262019876

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A comprehensive guide to the conceptual, mathematical, and implementational aspects of analyzing electrical brain signals, including data from MEG, EEG, and LFP recordings. This book offers a comprehensive guide to the theory and practice of analyzing electrical brain signals. It explains the conceptual, mathematical, and implementational (via Matlab programming) aspects of time-, time-frequency- and synchronization-based analyses of magnetoencephalography (MEG), electroencephalography (EEG), and local field potential (LFP) recordings from humans and nonhuman animals. It is the only book on the topic that covers both the theoretical background and the implementation in language that can be understood by readers without extensive formal training in mathematics, including cognitive scientists, neuroscientists, and psychologists. Readers who go through the book chapter by chapter and implement the examples in Matlab will develop an understanding of why and how analyses are performed, how to interpret results, what the methodological issues are, and how to perform single-subject-level and group-level analyses. Researchers who are familiar with using automated programs to perform advanced analyses will learn what happens when they click the “analyze now” button. The book provides sample data and downloadable Matlab code. Each of the 38 chapters covers one analysis topic, and these topics progress from simple to advanced. Most chapters conclude with exercises that further develop the material covered in the chapter. Many of the methods presented (including convolution, the Fourier transform, and Euler's formula) are fundamental and form the groundwork for other advanced data analysis methods. Readers who master the methods in the book will be well prepared to learn other approaches.

Brain Seizure Detection and Classification Using EEG Signals

Author: Varsha K. Harpale

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2021-09-09

Total Pages: 176

ISBN-13: 0323911218

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Brain Seizure Detection and Classification Using Electroencephalographic Signals presents EEG signal processing and analysis with high performance feature extraction. The book covers the feature selection method based on One-way ANOVA, along with high performance machine learning classifiers for the classification of EEG signals in normal and epileptic EEG signals. In addition, the authors also present new methods of feature extraction, including Singular Spectrum-Empirical Wavelet Transform (SSEWT) for improved classification of seizures in significant seizure-types, specifically epileptic and Non-Epileptic Seizures (NES). The performance of the system is compared with existing methods of feature extraction using Wavelet Transform (WT) and Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT). The book's objective is to analyze the EEG signals to observe abnormalities of brain activities called epileptic seizure. Seizure is a neurological disorder in which too many neurons are excited at the same time and are triggered by brain injury or by chemical imbalance. Presents EEG signal processing and analysis concepts with high performance feature extraction Discusses recent trends in seizure detection, prediction and classification methodologies Helps classify epileptic and non-epileptic seizures where misdiagnosis may lead to the unnecessary use of antiepileptic medication Provides new guidance and technical discussions on feature-extraction methods and feature selection methods based on One-way ANOVA, along with high performance machine learning classifiers for classification of EEG signals in normal and epileptic EEG signals, and new methods of feature extraction developed by the authors, including Singular Spectrum-Empirical Wavelet

The Auditory Cortex

Author: Jeffery A. Winer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2010-12-02

Total Pages: 711

ISBN-13: 1441900748

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There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.