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Bohmian Mechanics, Open Quantum Systems and Continuous Measurements

Author: Antonio B. Nassar

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-03-14

Total Pages: 241

ISBN-13: 3319536532

This book shows how Bohmian mechanics overcomes the need for a measurement postulate involving wave function collapse. The measuring process plays a very important role in quantum mechanics. It has been widely analyzed within the Copenhagen approach through the Born and von Neumann postulates, with later extension due to Lüders. In contrast, much less effort has been invested in the measurement theory within the Bohmian mechanics framework. The continuous measurement (sharp and fuzzy, or strong and weak) problem is considered here in this framework. The authors begin by generalizing the so-called Mensky approach, which is based on restricted path integral through quantum corridors. The measuring system is then considered to be an open quantum system following a stochastic Schrödinger equation. Quantum stochastic trajectories (in the Bohmian sense) and their role in basic quantum processes are discussed in detail. The decoherence process is thereby described in terms of classical trajectories issuing from the violation of the noncrossing rule of quantum trajectories.

Quantum Foundations

Author: Pedro W. Lamberti

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2019-04-02

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13: 3038977543

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Since its conception 90 years ago, the quantum uncertainty principle introduced by Werner Heisenberg lies behind most important features of quantum physics, and its implications have an impact that goes far beyond the physics community. This book focuses on the quantum uncertainty principle, providing an up-to-date examination of recent developments of its applications in quantum information theory. The book brings together several renowned experts working in the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. The authors provide different approaches to the study of uncertainty relations and other fundamental aspects of the quantum formalism. Topics addressed include entanglement and Bell inequalities, the application of entropic information measures to the study of uncertainty inequalities, the characterization of deep learning networks in the context of adiabatic quantum computation, and the study of general properties of the set of quantum states. The content of this book will surely benefit both experienced and new researchers specializing in quantum information theory and the foundations of quantum mechanics.

Emergent Quantum Mechanics

Author: Jan Walleczek

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2019-04-02

Total Pages: 544

ISBN-13: 3038976164

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Emergent quantum mechanics explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in "deeper-level" theories for quantum phenomena challenges the standard, textbook interpretation. The book presents expert views that critically evaluate the significance—for 21st century physics—of ontological quantum mechanics, an approach that David Bohm helped pioneer. The possibility of a deterministic quantum theory was first introduced with the original de Broglie-Bohm theory, which has also been developed as Bohmian mechanics. The wide range of perspectives that were contributed to this book on the occasion of David Bohm’s centennial celebration provide ample evidence for the physical consistency of ontological quantum mechanics. The book addresses deeper-level questions such as the following: Is reality intrinsically random or fundamentally interconnected? Is the universe local or nonlocal? Might a radically new conception of reality include a form of quantum causality or quantum ontology? What is the role of the experimenter agent? As the book demonstrates, the advancement of ‘quantum ontology’—as a scientific concept—marks a clear break with classical reality. The search for quantum reality entails unconventional causal structures and non-classical ontology, which can be fully consistent with the known record of quantum observations in the laboratory.

New Research in Quantum Physics

Author: Volodymyr Krasnoholovets

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 268

ISBN-13:

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This outstanding new volume brings together state of the art developments in quantum physics. The forefront of contemporary advances in physics lies in the submicroscopic regime, whether it be in atomic, nuclear, condensed-matter, plasma, or particle physics, or in quantum optics, or even in the study of stellar structure. All are based upon quantum theory (i.e., quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) and relativity, which together form the theoretical foundations of modern physics. a range of possible values are in quantum theory constrained to have discontinuous, or discrete, values. The intrinsically deterministic character of classical physics is replaced in quantum theory by intrinsic uncertainty. According to quantum theory, electromagnetic radiation does not always consist of continuous waves; instead it must be viewed under some circumstances as a collection of particle-like photons, the energy and momentum of each being directly proportional to its frequency (or inversely proportional to its wavelength, the photons still possessing some wavelike characteristics). Classical Concepts (Millard Baublitz, JR, Boston University); Irreversible Time Flow and Hilbert Space Structure (Pavel Kundrat, Milos V. Lokajicek, Institute of Physics, AVCR, Czech Republic); Time as a Dynamical Variable (Z. Y. Wang, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and B. Chen, University of Central Florida); Gamow Vectors and Time Asymmetric Quantum Mechanics (M. Gadella, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain, and S. Wickramasekara, St. Olaf College); Nonperturbative Methods in Quantum Mechanics: The Gaussian Functional Approach (J. Casahorran, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain); Wave Packet Dynamics and Tunneling in External Time Dependent Fields: A Semiclassical Real-Time Approach (Markus Saltzer and Joachim Ankerhold, Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg, Germany); Finite Size Scaling in Quantum Mechanics (Sabre Kais, Purdue University and Pablo Serra, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina); Nonlocality in Time of Interaction in Theories with Disparate Energy Scales (Renat Kh. Gainutdinov and Aigul A. Mutygullina, Kazan State University, Russia); Classical and Quantum Mechanics of A

Quantum Transport in Mesoscopic Systems

Author: David Sánchez

Publisher: MDPI

Published: 2021-01-06

Total Pages: 426

ISBN-13: 3039433660

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Mesoscopic physics deals with systems larger than single atoms but small enough to retain their quantum properties. The possibility to create and manipulate conductors of the nanometer scale has given birth to a set of phenomena that have revolutionized physics: quantum Hall effects, persistent currents, weak localization, Coulomb blockade, etc. This Special Issue tackles the latest developments in the field. Contributors discuss time-dependent transport, quantum pumping, nanoscale heat engines and motors, molecular junctions, electron–electron correlations in confined systems, quantum thermo-electrics and current fluctuations. The works included herein represent an up-to-date account of exciting research with a broad impact in both fundamental and applied topics.

Top-Down Design of Disordered Photonic Structures

Author: Sunkyu Yu

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2019-09-03

Total Pages: 88

ISBN-13: 9811375275

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This book introduces recent advances in the deterministic design of photonic structures, which overcome the current limitation in conventional disordered materials. It develops new concepts for disordered photonics inspired by notions in quantum mechanics, solid-state physics, mathematics and network theory, such as isospectrality, supersymmetry, graph network, small-world, de Broglie-Bohm theory, and parity-time symmetry. The multidisciplinary approach based on the core concepts of isospectrality (Chapter 2) and metadisorder (Chapter 3) offers a new perspective on the design methodology in photonics and in general disordered structures toward top-down designs of future photonic applications: perfect bandgap with strong modal localization, switching of random waves for binary and fuzzy logics, photonic analogy of graph networks, interdimensional signal transport, robust wave functions in disordered structures, and a novel method of energy storage and phase trapping based on Bohmian photonics. This book will provide new design criteria for physicists and engineers in photonics, and inspirations for researchers in other fields.

Ideal Continuous Measurement in Open Quantum Systems

Author: Lajos Diósi

Publisher:

Published: 1985

Total Pages: 11

ISBN-13:

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Bohmian Mechanics and Quantum Theory: An Appraisal

Author: J.T. Cushing

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1996-09-30

Total Pages: 420

ISBN-13: 0792340280

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We are often told that quantum phenomena demand radical revisions of our scientific world view and that no physical theory describing well defined objects, such as particles described by their positions, evolving in a well defined way, let alone deterministically, can account for such phenomena. The great majority of physicists continue to subscribe to this view, despite the fact that just such a deterministic theory, accounting for all of the phe nomena of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, was proposed by David Bohm more than four decades ago and has arguably been around almost since the inception of quantum mechanics itself. Our purpose in asking colleagues to write the essays for this volume has not been to produce a Festschrift in honor of David Bohm (worthy an undertaking as that would have been) or to gather together a collection of papers simply stating uncritically Bohm's views on quantum mechanics. The central theme around which the essays in this volume are arranged is David Bohm's version of quantum mechanics. It has by now become fairly standard practice to refer to his theory as Bohmian mechanics and to the larger conceptual framework within which this is located as the causal quantum theory program. While it is true that one can have reservations about the appropriateness of these specific labels, both do elicit distinc tive images characteristic of the key concepts of these approaches and such terminology does serve effectively to contrast this class of theories with more standard formulations of quantum theory.

Open Quantum Systems I

Author: Stéphane Attal

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2006-06-07

Total Pages: 329

ISBN-13: 9783540309918

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Understanding dissipative dynamics of open quantum systems remains a challenge in mathematical physics. This problem is relevant in various areas of fundamental and applied physics. Significant progress in the understanding of such systems has been made recently. These books present the mathematical theories involved in the modeling of such phenomena. They describe physically relevant models, develop their mathematical analysis and derive their physical implications.

Open Quantum Systems and Feynman Integrals

Author: P. Exner

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 374

ISBN-13: 9400952074

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Every part of physics offers examples of non-stability phenomena, but probably nowhere are they so plentiful and worthy of study as in the realm of quantum theory. The present volume is devoted to this problem: we shall be concerned with open quantum systems, i.e. those that cannot be regarded as isolated from the rest of the physical universe. It is a natural framework in which non-stationary processes can be investigated. There are two main approaches to the treatment of open systems in quantum theory. In both the system under consideration is viewed as part of a larger system, assumed to be isolated in a reasonable approximation. They are differentiated mainly by the way in which the state Hilbert space of the open system is related to that of the isolated system - either by orthogonal sum or by tensor product. Though often applicable simultaneously to the same physical situation, these approaches are complementary in a sense and are adapted to different purposes. Here we shall be concerned with the first approach, which is suitable primarily for a description of decay processes, absorption, etc. The second approach is used mostly for the treatment of various relaxation phenomena. It is comparably better examined at present; in particular, the reader may consult a monograph by E. B. Davies.