-PDF Download- Blue Carbon Climate Adaptation Co2 Uptake And Sequestration Of Carbon In Nordic Blue Forests Results From The Nordic Blue Carbon Project EBOOK

Blue Carbon – climate adaptation, CO2 uptake and sequestration of carbon in Nordic blue forests: Results from the Nordic Blue Carbon Project

Author: Frigstad, Helene

Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers

Published: 2021-02-03

Total Pages: 139

ISBN-13: 9289368608

Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2020-541/# Nordic blue forests are coastal vegetated habitats, such as kelp forests, eelgrass meadows and rockweed beds, that are important natural sinks for carbon and thereby climate regulation. They also play an important role in climate adaptation. Simultaneously, blue forests are at high risk from climate change and other human impacts, such as eutrophication and coastal development. This report presents the main findings of the Nordic Blue Carbon Project (2017–2020) on the areal distribution and carbon budget of blue forests (kelp forests, seagrass meadows and rockweed beds) in the Nordic region. We have identified the main ecosystem effects of climate change and other human pressures on Nordic blue forests, tested the effect of moderating some of these pressures, and give scientific advice on management measures aimed at safeguarding these important coastal ecosystems for the future.

Blue Carbon

Author: C. Nellemann

Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 80

ISBN-13: 9788277010601

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This report explores the potential for mitigating the impacts of climate change by improved management and protection of marine ecosystems and especially the vegetated coastal habitat, or blue carbon sinks. The objective of this report is to highlight the critical role of the oceans and ocean ecosystems in maintaining our climate and in assisting policy makers to mainstream an oceans agenda into national and international climate change initiatives. While emissions' reductions are currently at the centre of the climate change discussions, the critical role of the oceans and ocean ecosystems has been vastly overlooked.

Blue Carbon: Beyond the Inventory

Author: William Edward Newns Austin

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Published: 2024-02-20

Total Pages: 290

ISBN-13: 2832540570

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This Research Topic will coincide with an international Blue Carbon Conference at the Royal Society of Edinburgh in November 2021, during the UNFCCC COP26 climate negotiations; we seek to showcase Blue Carbon as a Nature-based Solution for Climate Change, People and Biodiversity. The conference theme identifies the growing climate mitigation opportunities presented by Blue Carbon, yet also seeks to highlight the emergent research that points to the wider climate mitigation services of carbon in the marine environment - what we are calling "beyond the inventory". We welcome contributions that address the science and policy dimensions of Blue Carbon, particularly where these highlight opportunities and mechanisms for the protection, restoration and creation of Blue Carbon habitats. We also welcome case-study examples that highlight successful partnerships in a wide range of international settings and would particularly encourage contributions that show-case legal, policy or investment opportunities.

Green Carbon Part 1

Author: Brendan Mackey

Publisher: ANU E Press

Published: 2008-08-01

Total Pages: 48

ISBN-13: 1921313889

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The colour of carbon matters. Green carbon is the carbon stored in the plants and soil of natural ecosystems and is a vital part of the global carbon cycle. This report is the first in a series that examines the role of natural forests in the storage of carbon, the impacts of human land use activities, and the implications for climate change policy nationally and internationally. REDD ("reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation") is now part of the agenda for the "Bali Action Plan" being debated in the lead-up to the Copenhagen climate change conference in 2009. Currently, international rules are blind to the colour of carbon so that the green carbon in natural forests is not recognized, resulting in perverse outcomes including ongoing deforestation and forest degradation, and the conversion of extensive areas of land to industrial plantations. This report examines REDD policy from a green carbon scientific perspective. Subsequent reports will focus on issues concerning the carbon sequestration potential of commercially logged natural forests, methods for monitoring REDD, and the long term implications of forest policy and management for the global carbon cycle and climate change.

Climate Change, Carbon, and Forestry in Northwestern North America

Author: David Lawrence Peterson

Publisher:

Published: 2004

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13:

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Interactions between forests, climatic change and the Earths carbon cycle are complex and represent a challenge for forest managers they are integral to the sustainable management of forests. In this volume, a number of papers are presented that describe some of the complex relationships between climate, the global carbon cycle and forests. Research has demonstrated that these are closely connected, such that changes in one have an influence not only on the other two, but also on their linkages. Climatic change represents a considerable threat to forest management in the current static paradigm. However, carbon sequestration issues offer opportunities for new techniques and strategies, and those able to adapt their management to this changing situation are likely to benefit. Such changes are already underway in countries such as Australia and Costa Rica, but it will probably take much longer for the forestry sector in the Pacific Northwest region of North America (encompassing Oregon, Washington, Montana, Idaho, British Columbia and Alaska) to change their current practices.

Forests, Carbon and Climate Change

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 196

ISBN-13:

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Carbon Sequestration Rates in Coastal Blue Carbon Ecosystems

Author: Ariane Arias Ortiz

Publisher:

Published: 2019

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13:

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Recentment s'ha descobert que els ecosistemes costaners, també coneguts com a embornals de carboni blau (praderies de fanerògames marines, manglars i marjals) igualen o fins i tot superen la capacitat dels ecosistemes terrestres per a segrestar carboni. Aquest fet ha conduït al desenvolupament d'una prometedora estratègia per a la mitigació del canvi climàtic, anomenada "Blue Carbon", basada en la conservació i la restauració d'aquests hàbitats. No obstant això, la inclusió del segrest de carboni blau com a component en els plans i polítiques per a la mitigació del canvi climàtic requereix determinar amb precisió la quantitat de carboni orgànic (CO) retingut en aquests ecosistemes, com s'acumula amb el temps, i quin és el seu destí si els embornals de carboni blau es veuen degradats. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi se centra en respondre aquestes preguntes quantificant les taxes d'acumulació de CO en els sediments d'ecosistemes costaners naturals i degradats de praderies marines i manglars. Per fer-ho, utilitzem la radiocronologia de sediments costaners utilitzant el 210Pb i n'avaluem els seus potencials i limitacions. Contribuïm amb l'anàlisi de 167 noves taxes d'acumulació de CO en sediments de praderies marines per avaluar la seva contribució al segrest de carboni a l'oceà i determinem el risc de pèrdua dels dipòsits de CO emmagatzemats als sediments de praderies marines i boscos de manglars després de la seva pertorbació. Els resultats fan reconsiderar alguns dels paradigmes acceptats a la ciència del "blue carbon": que els estocs de CO constitueixen una mesura de l'eficiència del seu segrest, que les taxes de segrest de carboni a praderies marines són ordres de magnitud superiors a les dels boscos terrestres, o que la pertorbació dels hàbitats dona com a resultat la pèrdua de la major part o la totalitat de l'estoc de CO prèviament segrestat. Globalment, vam trobar que les taxes de sedimentació als embornals de carboni blau determinen més acuradament l'eficiència de segrest de CO, independentment de la quantitat de CO als seus sediments. Tenint en compte les incerteses associades a la tècnica del 210Pb, hem estimat que les taxes de segrest de CO als sediments de les praderies marines oscil·len entre 20 i 30 g C m-2 yr-1 (o 6 -18 Tg C yr-1, globalment). Això suposa un rebaixa de 7 vegades el segrest reconegut anteriorment. Tanmateix, les estimacions revisades, encara són extraordinàriament elevades. A escala global, l'enterrament anual de CO en sediments de praderies marines contribueix entre el 4 i el 8% del CO total enterrat a l'oceà, àdhuc i ocupar menys del 0,1% de la seva superfície. La degradació dels ecosistemes costaners causa la pèrdua del CO emmagatzemat a un ritme molt més elevat que el del seu segrest. Això pot succeir en el transcurs de mesos a anys, depenent del tipus de pertorbació i de la grandària dels dipòsits de CO. Tant la pèrdua de praderies a causa d'una onada de calor marina a Austràlia, i la desforestació de manglars a Madagascar van causar pèrdues d'entre el 4 i el 20% (a les praderies) i del 20% (als manglars) del CO emmagatzemat en el primer metre de sediment després de 3 i 10 anys de la pertorbació. En tots dos estudis, les taxes de pèrdua de CO en hàbitats degradats van ser varies (> 4) vegades superiors a les taxes de retenció de CO sota condicions intactes, la qual cosa suggereix que el potencial real per a mitigar les emissions de carboni està en la conservació dels embornals de carboni blau existents i en la immediata restauració dels ecosistemes degradats per a així evitar emissions de gasos d'efecte hivernacle addicionals i rebaixar els costos de mitigació.

The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate

Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2022-05-19

Total Pages: 1807

ISBN-13: 1009178466

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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Green Carbon

Author: Brendan Mackey

Publisher:

Published: 2008

Total Pages: 47

ISBN-13:

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The colour of carbon matters. Green carbon is the carbon stored in the plants and soil of natural ecosystems and is a vital part of the global carbon cycle. This report is the first in a series that examines the role of natural forests in the storage of carbon, the impacts of human land use activities, and the implications for climate change policy nationally and internationally. REDD (“reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation”) is now part of the agenda for the “Bali Action Plan” being debated in the lead-up to the Copenhagen climate change conference in 2009. Currently, international rules are blind to the colour of carbon so that the green carbon in natural forests is not recognised, resulting in perverse outcomes including ongoing deforestation and forest degradation, and the conversion of extensive areas of land to industrial plantations. This report examines REDD policy from a green carbon scientific perspective. Subsequent reports will focus on issues concerning the carbon sequestration potential of commercially logged natural forests, methods for monitoring REDD, and the long term implications of forest policy and management for the global carbon cycle and climate change.

Modelling Carbon Uptake in Nordic Forest Landscapes Using Remote Sensing

Author: Sofia Junttila

Publisher:

Published: 2023

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9789189187245

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Boreal forests and peatlands store over 30% of the global terrestrial carbon in their vegetation and soil, but changing climate can compromise the current carbon stock. Rising air temperatures, changing precipitation patterns and increased risk of natural disturbances can impact the ability of the boreal ecosystems to absorb and store carbon, reducing their effectiveness as carbon sinks. Reliable estimates of carbon fluxes between these ecosystems and the atmosphere are crucial for understanding the ecosystem response to climate change. This thesis focuses on developing remote sensing-based models of the vegetation carbon uptake i.e. gross primary production (GPP) in Nordic forests and peatlands, and upscaling the estimates from sites to landscape and regional levels. The results demonstrate that spectral vegetation indices EVI2 and PPI can capture the seasonal dynamics of GPP well. In general, other environmental variables that further helped to improve the results were air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) that expresses atmospheric demand for water. Another finding was that the spatial resolution of the satellite instrument had less influence on the accuracy of GPP estimates than the model formulation and selection of the input data. The result suggested that vegetation productivity can be monitored at various scales with high accuracy using satellite remote sensing data. Fine-scale estimates are beneficial when monitoring individual forest stands or spatially heterogeneous ecosystems like peatlands. Various model formulations were tested to estimate GPP with remotely sensed data. The site-specific calibration gave more accurate results, but the single parameter set per ecosystem type was more applicable for upscaling GPP for a larger area. In addition, we found that PPI performed well and provided a useful tool for estimating GPP at local and regional scales. Despite the good agreement with the eddy covariance-derived GPP, the models could be further improved to capture the spatial heterogeneity between the sites by adding e.g. soil moisture data. Finally, we applied a PPI-based model to estimate annual GPP in Sweden's forests and peatlands with a 10-meters spatial resolution. This thesis highlights that satellite remote sensing has a great potential for monitoring variations changes in vegetation carbon uptake in Nordic forest and peatland ecosystems.