Bitumens, asphalts, and tar sands
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2011-09-22
Total Pages: 330
ISBN-13: 9780080868615
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Bitumens, asphalts, and tar sands
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2011-09-22
Total Pages: 330
ISBN-13: 9780080868615
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Bitumens, asphalts, and tar sands
Author: Teh Fu Yen
Publisher:
Published: 1978
Total Pages: 331
ISBN-13: 9780444416193
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: Canada. Mines Branch
Publisher: F.A. Acland
Published: 1927
Total Pages: 52
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher: World Health Organization
Published: 2013
Total Pages: 364
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of bitumens and their emissions, the N-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benz[a]acridine, benz[c]acridine, dibenz[a,h]acridine, dibenz[a,j]acridine, dibenz[c,h]acridine, carbazole and 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole, as well as the S-hetrocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene and dibenzothiophene. Bitumens are produced by distillation of crude oil during petroleum refining, and also occur naturally. Bitumens can be divided into six broad classes, according to their physical properties and specifications required for different applications. The major use (about 80%) of bitumens is for road paving; other uses include roofing, waterproofing, sealing and painting. The term "bitumen" should not be confused with "asphalt", which refers to the mixture of bitumen (4-10% by weight), small stones, sand and filler used for road paving. Bitumens are complex mixtures that contain a large number of organic chemical compounds. Application of bitumens may generate emissions (fumes and vapours) that may contain, among volatile and non-volatile compounds, a number of known or probable carcinogens. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of various occupations that entail exposure to bitumens and bitumen emissions, including road paving, roofing, and application of mastic asphalt, and to various heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds.
Author: Canada. Mines Branch
Publisher: F.A. Acland
Published: 1926
Total Pages: 304
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: G.V. Chilingarian
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 1994-09-08
Total Pages: 458
ISBN-13: 9780080868981
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This is the first volume of a two-volume set of critical reviews of many aspects of both asphaltenes and asphalts and their interrelationship. Asphaltene is invariably present in asphalt or bitumen and other fossil fuel-derived liquids such as coal tar, coal liquefaction products, pyrolyzed shale oil from oil shales, source rock extracts and numerous naturally occurring bituminous substances. The latter include asphaltites, asphaltoids, waxes, and carbonaceous deposits containing a composition of petroleum and coal. The contents cover not only the basic science of asphaltene but also deal with the applications and technology such as upstreams (production, recovery) and down streams (refining, upgrading) of petroleum, and the paving technology and formulation preparation. The main features of the book are: it provides an up-to-date, in-depth review of every aspect of asphaltenes and asphalts; it spans five decades of research and technology of heavy fractions of petroleum; it presents a global view of asphaltene related to exploration production, refining and upgrading. The book will be welcomed as a valuable reference source for petroleum companies, research institutes, refineries, universities and also by individuals dealing with the production, origin, formation, engineering, conversion and catalysis of heavy oil, tar sands and other bitumens materials.
Author: Canada. Mines Branch
Publisher: F.A. Acland
Published: 1924
Total Pages: 42
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Author: James G. Speight
Publisher: William Andrew
Published: 2010-12-21
Total Pages: 410
ISBN-13: 1437778526
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →As feedstocks to refineries change, there must be an accompanying change in refinery technology. This means a movement from conventional means of refining heavy feedstocks using (typically) coking technologies to more innovative processes that will coax the last drips of liquid fuels from the feedstock. This book presents the evolution of refinery processes during the last century and as well as the means by which refinery processes will evolve during the next three-to-five decades. Chapters contain material relevant to (1) comparisons of current feedstocks with heavy oil and bio-feedstocks; (2) evolution of refineries since the 1950s, (3) properties and refinability of heavy oil and bio-feedstocks, (4) thermal processes vs. hydroprocesses, and (5) evolution of products to match the environmental market. Process innovations that have influenced refinery processing over the past three decades are presented, as well as the relevant patents that have the potential for incorporation into future refineries.• Comparison of current feedstocks with heavy oil and bio-feedstocks. • Evolution of refineries over the past three decades. • Properties and refinability of heavy oil and bio-feedstocks. • Thermal processes vs. Hydroprocesses. • Evolution of products to match the environmental market. Investigates the engineering and plant design challenges presented by heavy oil and bio-feedstocks Explores the legislatory and regulatory climate, including increasingly stringent environmental requirements Examines the trade-offs of thermal processes vs. hydroprocesses
Author: S. M. Blair
Publisher: Government
Published: 1951
Total Pages: 100
ISBN-13:
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