Field-Driven Micro and Nanorobots for Biology and Medicine

Field-Driven Micro and Nanorobots for Biology and Medicine PDF

Author: Yu Sun

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-11-25

Total Pages: 422

ISBN-13: 3030801977

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This book describes the substantial progress recently made in the development of micro and nanorobotic systems, utilizing magnetic, optical, acoustic, electrical, and other actuation fields. It covers several areas of micro and nanorobotics including robotics, materials science, and biomedical engineering. Field-Driven Micro and Nanorobots for Biology and Medicine provides readers with fundamental physics at the micro and nano scales, state-of-the-art technical advances in field-driven micro and nanorobots, and applications in biological and biomedical disciplines.

Rational Fabrication, Assembling and Actuation of Nanowire Multi-mer Nanomotors

Rational Fabrication, Assembling and Actuation of Nanowire Multi-mer Nanomotors PDF

Author: Ki-Pyo Hong (M.S. in Engineering)

Publisher:

Published: 2015

Total Pages: 82

ISBN-13:

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Direct field induced manipulations of nanowires have been recognized as a possible alternative to conventional chemical based assembling techniques. In particular, manipulation of nanowires with an external electric field allows the facile and precision assembly of nanowires into various nanoscale devices. In this study, we have rationally synthesized multisegment Au/Ni nanowires and assembled them into a unique type of rotary nanomotors made of nanowire multi-mers with designed geometric configurations by the electric tweezers. The electric tweezers are a recent invention developed by Prof. Fan’s group, which are based on the combined electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic forces to transport and align nanowires independently in low Reynolds number suspensions. The Au/Ni multi-segmented nanowires are rationally designed and fabricated by electrodeposition into nanoporous templates. By employing the ferromagnetic properties of the nickel segments in the nanowires, we precisely transported and assembled randomly disperse nanowires into multi-mer nanowire devices with designed configuration and further assembled them as the rotors of nanomotors. The magnetic attraction between the Ni segments in the nanowires holds the joints of dimers, trimers and tetramers tightly. The rotary nanomotors made of multiple assembled nanowires with designed configuration are the first to the best of our knowledge. Our study of their rotation behaviors as functions of voltage and frequency shows that the rotational speed of the nanomotors linearly increases with the square of the applied AC voltages and depends on the AC frequencies. The voltage square dependence is highly desirable for achieving ultrahigh speed rotation. This research could generate interest and impact multiple research fields including nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) devices, nanomotors, microfluidic architectures and single-cell biology.

Nanoelectromechanics in Engineering and Biology

Nanoelectromechanics in Engineering and Biology PDF

Author: Michael Pycraft Hughes

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-10-03

Total Pages: 251

ISBN-13: 1351835092

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The success, growth, and virtually limitless applications of nanotechnology depend upon our ability to manipulate nanoscale objects, which in turn depends upon developing new insights into the interactions of electric fields, nanoparticles, and the molecules that surround them. In the first book to unite and directly address particle electrokinetics and nanotechnology, Nanoelectromechanics in Engineering and Biology provides a thorough grounding in the phenomena associated with nanoscale particle manipulation. The author delivers a wealth of application and background knowledge, from using electric fields for particle sorting in lab-on-a-chip devices to electrode fabrication, electric field simulation, and computer analysis. It also explores how electromechanics can be applied to sorting DNA molecules, examining viruses, constructing electronic devices with carbon nanotubes, and actuating nanoscale electric motors. The field of nanotechnology is inherently multidisciplinary-in its principles, in its techniques, and in its applications-and meeting its current and future challenges will require the kind of approach reflected in this book. Unmatched in its scope, Nanoelectromechanics in Engineering and Biology offers an outstanding opportunity for people in all areas of research and technology to explore the use and precise manipulation of nanoscale structures.

Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics in Integrative Biology and Biomedicine

Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics in Integrative Biology and Biomedicine PDF

Author: Ki-Taek Lim

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-12-15

Total Pages: 463

ISBN-13: 3031160843

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Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics in Integrative Biology and Biomedicine "Nanorobotics and nanodiagnostics” can be defined as a new generation of biohybrid and nanorobotics that translate fundamental biological principles into engineering design rules, or integrative living components into synthetic structures to create biorobots and nanodiagnotics that perform like natural systems. Nanorobots or nanobots are structured of a nanoscale made of individual assemblies. They can be termed as intelligent systems manufactured with self-assembly strategies by chemical, physical and biological approaches. The nanorobot can determine the structure and enhance the adaptability to the environment in interdisciplinary tasks. "Nanorobotics and nanodiagnostics" is a new generation of biohybrid that translates fundamental biological principles into engineering design rules to create biorobots that perform like natural systems. These biorobotics and diagnostics can now perform various missions to be accomplished certain tasks in the research areas such as integrative biology and biomedicine. "Nanorobotics and Nanodiagnostics in Integrative Biology and Biomedicine" sheds light on a comprehensive overview of the multidisciplinary areas that explore nanotherapeutics and nanorobotic manipulation in biology and medicine. It provides up-to-date knowledge of the promising fields of integrative biology and biomedicine for nano-assisted biorobotics and diagnostics to detect and treat diseases that will enable new scientific discoveries. /div

Concepts for Molecular Machines

Concepts for Molecular Machines PDF

Author: Jubaraj Bikash Baruah

Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company

Published: 2017-08-11

Total Pages: 180

ISBN-13: 9813223723

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Actions of living beings at any stage of life are of general interest; molecular machines can be a replica of such activities. Stimuli guided movements and shape changes of molecules are one of the rapidly developing areas on which fundamental principles of molecular machine banks. Thus, the understanding of intriguing concepts of molecular machines is essential. Miniaturization, efficiency, stability and robustness in performing activities are some of the important points associated with molecular machines. Using molecular machines for practical purposes will further strengthen fundamentals of science and technology and also guide future market economy. Recent advent of techniques to handle materials at microscopic level has benefited the topic of molecular machines and is ready to be taken to a higher level as compared to other competing topics of science and technology. Molecular machines is a contemporary hot topic with future scope. The Nobel Prize in the year 2016 was shared by three scientists Prof. Ben Feringa, Prof. J Fraser Stoddart and Prof. Jean-Pierre Sauvage for their contribution to the topic. This book on molecular machines is aimed to cater to the need of graduate students and researchers by providing the fundamental aspects on molecular machines. Contents: Introduction to Molecular Machines:Preliminary Aspects of a Conventional MachineMiniaturization of MachinesMolecular MachineTerminology in Molecular MachinesBio-inspired Concepts in the Development of Molecular MachinesEnergetics and States of Molecular MachinesBiological Molecular MachinesOperational Aspects of Molecular Machines:BackgroundStructural EquilibrationMolecular Machine DesignInterlocked Systems as Molecular Machines:Principles for Formation of Interlocked MoleculesCatenanesRotaxanesThermodynamics of Interlocked SystemsShuttling Motion in RotaxanesSwitching in RotaxanesKnotsControllable Properties in Rotaxanes Relating to Molecular MachinesMolecular Machine for Peptide SynthesisA Molecular ElevatorLogic Gate Based on RotaxanePhotochemically and Electrochemically Guided Molecular Machines:Principles of Photochemical SwitchingElectrochemically Driven MachinesArtificial Molecular Machine Based on DNA:PrinciplesDNA TweezersDNA WalkerDNA Based Molecular GearpH Dependent DNA Nano-machineMolecular AssemblerTrends of Study Readership: Chemists, biochemists, glycobiologists, materials scientists, students in biochemistry and biology.

Mechanical and Dynamical Principles of Protein Nanomotors

Mechanical and Dynamical Principles of Protein Nanomotors PDF

Author: Ali Reza Khataee

Publisher: Nova Science Pub Incorporated

Published: 2010-01-01

Total Pages: 63

ISBN-13: 9781608767342

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It is obvious that movement is an essential concept of all living organisms. Molecular motility participates in many cellular functions including cell division, intracellular transport and movement of the organism itself. Thus, it is not surprising that nature has evolved a series of biological nanomotors that fulfil many of these tasks. A general class of these biological nanomotors is called protein nanomotors that move in a linear fashion (e.g. the kinesin or myosin or dynein motors) or rotate (e.g. F0F1-ATP synthase or bacterial flagellar motors). Protein nanomotors are natural motors responsible for the human activity and are also the subject of interest for nanotechnology. Protein nanomotors are ideal nanomotors because of their small size, perfect structure, smart and high efficiency. Recent advances in understanding how protein nanomotors work has raised the possibility that they might find applications as protein-based nanorobots. Thus bio-nanomotors could form the basis of bottom-up approaches for constructing active structuring and maintenance at the manometer scale. In this chapter, we have presented structures, mechanisms and potential applications of linear protein nanomotors. The three known families of protein nanomotors kinesin, dynein and myosin are multi-protein complexes and share a variety of important features. They are responsible for various dynamical processes for transporting single molecules over small distances to cell movement and growth. Our reviewing from the mechanism, regulation and co-ordination of linear nanomotors, indicate that the majority of active transport in the cell is driven by linear protein nanomotors. All of them convert the chemical energy into mechanical work directly rather than via an intermediate energy. Linear protein nanomotors are self-guiding systems. They have evolved to enable movement on their polymer filaments, either on cellular or supra-cellular levels and are able to recognise the direction of movement. Moreover, each class of nanomotor has different properties, but in the cell they are known to cooperate and even to compete with each others during their function. We have also reviewed the potential application of linear protein nanomotors. According to this, we predict that linear protein nanomotors may enable the creation of a new class of nanotechnology-based applications; for example, bio-nanorobots, molecular machines, nanomechanical devices and drug deliver systems. Thus, protein nanomotors field is very challenging field and is attracting a diverse group of researchers keen to find more.

Essentials in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Essentials in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology PDF

Author: Narendra Kumar

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2016-04-06

Total Pages: 488

ISBN-13: 1119096138

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This book describes various aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It begins with an introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology and includes a historical prospective, nanotechnology working in nature, man -made nanomaterial and impact of nanotechnology illustrated with examples. It goes on to describes general synthetic approaches and strategies and also deals with the characterization of nanomaterial using modern tools and techniques to give basic understanding to those interested in learning this emerging area. It then deals with different kinds of nanomaterial such as inorganics, carbon based-, nanocomposites and self-assembled/supramolecular nano structures in terms of their varieties, synthesis, properties etc. In addition, it contains chapters devoted to unique properties with mathematical treatment wherever applicable and the novel applications dealing with information technology, pollution control (environment, water), energy, nanomedicine, healthcare, consumer goods etc.

Watching Biological Nanomotors at Work

Watching Biological Nanomotors at Work PDF

Author: Nagaraju Chada

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 15

ISBN-13:

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Part 1: High resolution (≈1 nm lateral resolution) biological AFM imaging has been carried out almost exclusively using freshly cleaved mica as a specimen supporting surface, but mica suffers from a fundamental limitation that has hindered AFM's broader integration with many modern optical methods. Mica exhibits biaxial birefringence; indeed, this naturally occurring material is used commercially for constructing optical wave plates. In general, propagation through birefringent material alters the polarization state and bifurcates the propagation direction of light in a manner which varies with thickness. This makes it challenging to incorporate freshly cleaved mica substrates with modern optical methods, many of which employ highly focused and polarized laser beams passing through then specimen plane. Using bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarum and the Sec-translocon from Escherichia coli, we demonstrate that faithful images of 2D crystalline and non-crystalline membrane proteins in lipid bilayers can be obtained on common microscope cover glass following a straight-forward cleaning procedure. Direct comparison between data obtained on glass and on mica show no significant differences in AFM image fidelity. Repeated association and dissociation of SecA with SecYEG indicated that the proteins remain competent for biological processes on glass substrates for long periods of time. This work opens the door for combining high resolution biological AFM with powerful optical methods that require optically isotropic substrates such as ultra-stable and direct 3D AFM. In turn, this capability should enable long timescale conformational dynamics measurements of membrane proteins in near-native conditions. Part 2: In the second part of this work we studied SecA-ATP hydrolysis and catalase enzyme dynamics. Both of these protein macromolecules were observed to be highly dynamic during catalytic turnover. Single molecule studies of catalase indicated that the enzyme undergoes oligomeric state changes when exposed to H2O2. Conformational dynamics of the SecA-ATPase was visualized at the single molecule level and the protein macromolecule flickers between a compact and expanded state in the presence of ATP, indicating reversible conformational changes. Future studies in the lab will shed more light onto these biological processes.