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Author: Kevin L. Williams
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2007-02-23
Total Pages: 441
ISBN-13: 1420020595
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This source expertly examines the discovery, biological structure, control, and continued clarification of endotoxin from a parenteral manufacturing perspective, with in-depth discussion of state-of-the-art technologies involving Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) such as assay development, automation, depyrogenation. Completely revised and exp
Author: Solomon Kadis
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2016-06-14
Total Pages: 526
ISBN-13: 148321589X
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Microbial Toxins, Volume V: Bacterial Endotoxins covers the physiology, pathology, and immunology of bacterial endotoxins. The book discusses the relationship of lipopolysaccharide structure to bacterial virulence; the importance of blood-group and Forssman antigenic determinants in interactions between human and microbes; and the chemical modification of endotoxin and inactivation of its biological properties. The text also describes the effects of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides on the complement system; the host-dependent detoxification of bacterial endotoxin; and the metabolic effects of bacterial endotoxins. The release of vasoactive agents and the vascular effects of endotoxin are also considered. The book further tackles the febrile response to endotoxin; some major aspects and the relationship between shock and endotoxemia; as well as the effects of lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) on the susceptibility to infections. The text also encompasses the role of hypersensitivity and tolerance in reactions to endotoxins. Pathologists, immunologists, physiologists, and microbiologists will find the book invaluable.
Author: A. Szentivanyi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-03-13
Total Pages: 499
ISBN-13: 1461322537
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Endotoxins are constituents of all gram negative bacteria, as well as many other microorganisms. Since their original discovery and study at the beginning and middle parts of this century, many investigations have been performed concerning their immunochemistry and physicochemistry, as well as their pharmacologic activities and physiologic effects on the host. It became widely recognized during the beginning of this century that the pyrogenicity of many microbial infections may be associated with endotoxins. Furthermore, some 80 years ago, attempts were begun to "treat" a variety of illnesses including neoplasia, with such "pyrogens", Le. , bacterial endo toxins. Inconclusive results were observed including some detrimental ones as well as, in some cases, beneficial ones. It became widely accepted that during infections with many gram negative organisms the fever occurring in patients, as well as many of the untoward pathophysiological effects of the infections, seemed to be due to the endotoxin the bacteria contained or released. In this regard, septic shock has been studied in detail by many clinicians, physiologists and pharmacologists and attempts have been made to relate the devastating effects of infection on metabolic and physiologic alterations caused by endotoxins. Recently, however, many beneficial effects of endotoxin have also been studied.
Author: International Endotoxin Society. Congress
Publisher: Wiley-Liss
Published: 1995-08-24
Total Pages: 648
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, Volume 392 Bacterial Endotoxins Lipopolysaccharides From Genes to Therapy Proceedings of the Third Conference of the International Endotoxin Society, Held in Helsinki, Finland, August 15–18, 1994 Jack Levin, Carl R. Alving, Robert S. Munford, and Heinz Redl, Editors In the past two decades, the scope of research in the field of bacterial endotoxins has expanded dramatically. Bacterial Endotoxins: Lipopolysaccharides From Genes to Therapy contains the most recent basic and clinical work of researchers studying lipopolysaccharides (LPS), including everything from recent findings on the molecular genetics and biosynthesis of LPS, to various aspects of endotoxin tolerance. Assembling information from the work of renowned international researchers, the book is divided into ten well-organized sections, each of which includes papers representing the state of the art in LPS investigations. Specific topics covered in the text include: the structure and biosynthesis of Rhizobium leguminosarum lipid A conformation and fluidity of endotoxins as determinants of biological activity modalities of endotoxin binding to CD14 rational computer-aided design of ligands that bind endotoxin formation of a TNF synthesis inhibitor in endotoxin tolerance monophosphoryl lipid A as a prophylactic for sepsis and septic shock Bacterial Endotoxins: Lipopolysaccharides From Genes to Therapy provides a clear reflection of the vitality of the bacterial endotoxin macromolecule and its biological effects. This book will appeal to laboratory and clinical medical microbiologists, immunologists studying bacterial endotoxins, and internal medicine specialists who are treating inflammatory disease. The breadth of coverage will also make it a valuable resource for researchers within both the biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields.
Author: Alois Nowotny
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-11-11
Total Pages: 582
ISBN-13: 146844364X
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →The study of endotoxins has undergone cycles of enthusiastic research followed by neglect and revival again due to newly described biological effects attributed to endotoxins. It is almost a generally applicable rule that both extremes in such fluctuations in the popularity of certain re search fields are unjustified. It is obvious that exaggerated expectations will lead to disappointments, and complete neglect of a once-exciting field is to be followed by renewed attention, if the scientific basis of earlier interest was solid and remained so throughout. The healing ef fect of fever was praised as nature's blessed cure, until it was discov ered that it is caused by bacteria. When it became evident that by careful application one can arrive at therapeutic doses without intro ducing shock and hypotension, the era of fever therapy began. During this time, indiscriminate use of pyrogens was so widespread that the high expectations had to be followed by disillusionment. Since then, in terest in endotoxins experienced a few more oscillations, with varying wavelengths and amplitudes, the latest being triggered by the mitotic effect of endotoxin. This led to justified excitement among researchers who study the activation of the cells of the lymphatic system and the consequences thereof, including the release of important mediator mol ecules. Fever therapy is passe, but the healing that often followed the ap plication of endotoxins remains a well-documented fact.
Author: H. Friedman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2013-11-11
Total Pages: 689
ISBN-13: 1475751400
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →This volume is based on the proceedings of the International Symposium on Bacterial Endotoxins held in Japan. May 11-14. 1988 and sponsored by the International Endotoxin Society and the International Society for Immuno pharmacology. Speakers and participants of this symposium provided new information concerning fundamental and clinical aspects of endotoxin research conducted over the last half decade or so. Advances have been made in understanding the structure and nature of endotoxin molecules and their effects on a wide variety of both cellular and subcellular aspects, of immunity. metabolism and physiology. both in vivo and in vitro. Endotoxins are constituents of gram negative bacteria. Since their original discovery in the nineteenth century. many laboratories studied their chemical composition. their physico- and immunochemica1 properties. as well as their pharmacological and physiological effects on the host. Much is now known about the chemical structure of the endotoxins. There is also a grow ing body of information concerning the multiple effects of endotoxins on the host including immune mechanisms. Some effects have been found to be benefi cial to the host and endotoxins are being used more frequently to induce important mediators of immunity as well as increasing resistance against infections by many microorganisms as well as inhibiting growth of tumors in experimental animal models and in man.
Author: Xiaoyuan Wang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2010-06-30
Total Pages: 419
ISBN-13: 9048190789
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Endotoxins are potentially toxic compounds produced by Gram-negative bacteria including some pathogens. Unlike exotoxins, which are secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, endotoxins are comprised of structural components of bacteria. Endotoxins can cause a whole-body inflammatory state, sepsis, leading to low blood pressure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. This book brings together contributions from researchers in the forefront of these subjects. It is divided into two sections. The first deals with how endotoxins are synthesized and end up on the bacterial surface. The second discussed how endotoxins activate TLR4 and, in turn, how TLR4 generates the molecular signals leading to infectious and inflammatory diseases. The way endotoxins interact with the host cells is fundamental to understanding the mechanism of sepsis, and recent research on these aspects of endotoxins has served to illuminate previously undescribed functions of the innate immune system. This volume presents a description of endotoxins according to their genetic constitution, structure, function and mode of interaction with host cells.
Author: Helmut Brade
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2020-10-28
Total Pages: 968
ISBN-13: 1000110389
DOWNLOAD EBOOK →Offering a basis for further research into the interactions of hosts and pathogens, this work gathers up-to-date findings, and details basic structures, functions and immunology. It provides descriptions of a variety of experimental endotoxin neutralizing agents, as well as a guide to clinical research initiatives and the latest treatments.
