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Arab Cities in the Ottoman Period

Author: André Raymond

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13:

Professor Raymond deals here with the evolution of the great Arab cities of the Ottoman period (1516-1800) - with questions of organisation, social life and the built space - looking in particular at Aleppo, Algiers, Constantine and, above all, at Cairo. These studies form part of a movement, in which the author's work has played a significant role, aiming to re-examine the traditional Orientalist view of 'Muslim cities'. Contrary to the negative perception one so often finds, of decadent and chaotic towns, it can be seen that they had a coherent internal structure and that, far from being in decline, they enjoyed renewed prosperity in the Ottoman era, benefiting from the strength of the empire and flourishing Mediterranean trade. This in turn was reflected in the important and original architectural activity of the period.

The Ottoman City Between East and West

Author: Edhem Eldem

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1999-11-11

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 9780521643047

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Studies of early-modern Islamic cities have stressed the atypical or the idiosyncratic. This bias derives largely from orientalist presumptions that they were in some way substandard or deviant. The first purpose of this volume is to normalize Ottoman cities, to demonstrate how, on the one hand, they resembled cities generally and how, on the other, their specific histories individualized them. The second purpose is to challenge the previous literature and to negotiate an agenda for future study. By considering the narrative histories of Aleppo, Izmir and Istanbul, the book offers a departure from the piecemeal methods of previous studies, emphasizing their importance during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and highlighting their essentially Ottoman character. While the essays provide an overall view, each can be approached separately. Their exploration of the sources and the agendas of those who have conditioned scholarly understanding of these cities will make them essential student reading.

The Empire in the City

Author: Jens Hanssen

Publisher: Ergon Verlag

Published: 2002

Total Pages: 424

ISBN-13:

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"The Empire in the city deals with the many aspects of change of urban societies in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire during the period of reforms in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During this period of normative and centralizing state reforms and increasing international exchange, local and global dynamics led to profound social changes. This book therefore focuses on the converging trends of social and architectural interaction: Cities are heterogeneous structures of social organization. Thousands of men and women act daily in this complex system and leave their mark on the many layers the city's appearance. In this sense cities provide a rich source for studies on social transformation. The contributions deal with various aspects of provincial capitals and show how at different levels - society, architecture, urban structures, administration, institutions etc. - late Ottoman times were far from being a period of irreversible decline in Arab provincial capitals. They turn out to be times of vibrant intellectual activity, intense innovation and conscious city planning. Direct European influence played only a very limited part. Much of the impetus for change and transformation came from Istanbul or from the evolving local bourgeoisie. This book tries to bring back the role of local societies into the historiography of the Arab Provinces of the Ottoman Empire."--Cover.

The Arabs of the Ottoman Empire, 1516-1918

Author: Bruce Masters

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2013-04-29

Total Pages: 277

ISBN-13: 1107033632

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This book discusses the role of Arabs in the Ottoman Empire for the four centuries that they were its subjects. The conventional wisdom was that the Arabs were a subject people who resented or, at best, were indifferent to their Ottoman overlords. This book argues that two social classes - Sunni religious scholars and urban notables - were willing collaborators in the imperial enterprise, and without whose support the Ottoman Empire would not have ruled the Arab lands for as long as they did.

The City in the Ottoman Empire

Author: Ulrike Freitag

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2010-11-25

Total Pages: 437

ISBN-13: 113693488X

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The nexus of urban governance and human migration was a crucial feature in the modernisation of cities in the Ottoman Empire of the nineteenth century. This book connects these two concepts to examine the Ottoman city as a destination of human migration, throwing new light on the question of conviviality and cosmopolitanism from the perspective of the legal, administrative and political frameworks within which these occur. Focusing on groups of migrants with various ethnic, regional and professional backgrounds, the book juxtaposes the trajectories of these people with attempts by local administrations and the government to control their movements and settlements. By combining a perspective from below with one that focuses on government action, the authors offer broad insights into the phenomenon of migration and city life as a whole. Chapters explore how increased migration driven by new means of transport, military expulsion and economic factors were countered by the state’s attempts to control population movements, as well as the strong internal reforms in the Ottoman world. Providing a rare comparative perspective on an area often fragmented by area studies boundaries, this book will be of great interest to students of History, Middle Eastern Studies, Balkan Studies, Urban Studies and Migration Studies.

The Image of an Ottoman City

Author: Heghnar Watenpaugh

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2004-09-01

Total Pages: 346

ISBN-13: 904740422X

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This urban and architectural study of Aleppo reconstructs the city’s evolution over the first two centuries of Ottoman rule and proposes a new model for the understanding of the reception and adaptation of imperial forms, institutions and norms in a provincial setting.

The Arab Lands in the Ottoman Era

Author: Jane Hathaway

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 336

ISBN-13:

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"The Ottomans ruled much of the Arab World for four centuries. Bruce Masters's work surveys this period, emphasizing the cultural and social changes that occurred against the backdrop of the political realities that Arabs experienced as subjects of the Ottoman sultans. The persistence of Ottoman rule over a vast area for several centuries required that some Arabs collaborate in the imperial enterprise. Masters highlights the role of two social classes that made the empire successful: the Sunni Muslim religious scholars, the ulama, and the urban notables, the acyan. Both groups identified with the Ottoman sultanate and were its firmest backers, although for different reasons. The ulama legitimated the Ottoman state as a righteous Muslim sultanate, while the acyan emerged as the dominant political and economic class in most Arab cities due to their connections to the regime. Together, the two helped to maintain the empire." -- from publishers.

The Arabs of the Ottoman Empire, 1516-1918

Author: Bruce Alan Masters

Publisher:

Published: 2013

Total Pages:

ISBN-13: 9781107059573

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Cities of the Mediterranean

Author: Meltem Toksoz

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2014-08-25

Total Pages: 349

ISBN-13: 0857737457

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The Eastern Mediterranean is one of the world's most vibrant and vital commercial centres and for centuries the region's cities and ports have been at the heart of East-West trade. Taking a full and comprehensive look at the region as a whole rather than isolating individual cities or distinct cultures, Cities of the Mediterranean offers a fresh and original portrait of the entire region, from the 16th century to the present. In this ambitious inter-disciplinary study, the authors examine the relationships between the Eastern Mediterranean port cities and their hinterlands as well as inland and provincial cities from many different perspectives - political, economic, international and ecological - without prioritising either Ottoman Anatolia, or the Ottoman Balkans, or the Arab provinces in order to think of the Eastern Mediterranean world as a coherent whole. Wide-ranging in scope, Cities of the Mediterranean explores diverse topics, weaving together history, sociology, geography, cartography, politics and economics. Early chapters examine the impact of the 'Little Ice Age'; the global economy's shift from the Mediterranean to Antwerp and Amsterdam; early European perceptions of the Eastern Mediterranean; 19th-century harbour building practices and their impact on the cities; and the connections between Alexandria, Izmir and Thessalonica and their vast and diverse hinterlands. The book also explores political radicalism in Turkey and elsewhere as well as the illegal trade networks that linked the Balkans and Adriatic with the Mediterranean and the introduction of new technologies that led to the faster transport of people, goods and information. Through its penetrating analysis of the various networks that connected the ports and towns of the Mediterranean and their inhabitants throughout the Ottoman period, Cities of the Mediterranean presents the region as a unified and dynamic community and paves the way for a new understanding of the subject.